Staging laparoscopy in patients with advanced gastric cancer: A single center cohort study

BackgroundMost studies exploring the role of staging laparoscopy in gastric cancer are limited by low sample size and are predominantly conducted in Asian countries. This study sets out to determine the value of staging laparoscopy in patients with advanced gastric cancer in a Western population.MethodsAll patients with gastric cancer from a tertiary referral center without definite evidence of non-curable disease after initial staging, and who underwent staging laparoscopy between 2013 and 2020, were identified from a prospectively maintained database. The proportion of patients in whom metastases or locoregional non-resectability was detected during staging laparoscopy was established. Secondary outcomes included the avoidable surgery rate (detection of non-curable disease during gastrectomy with curative intent) and diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, negative and positive predictive value).ResultsA total of 216 patients were included. Staging laparoscopy revealed metastatic disease in 46 (21.3 %) patients and a non-resectable tumor in three (1.4 %) patients. During intended gastrectomy, non-curable disease was revealed in 13 (8.6 %) patients. Overall sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy were 76.6 %, 100 % and 92.6 %, respectively. The positive predictive value was 100 % and the negative predictive value was 90.3 %.ConclusionStaging laparoscopy is valuable in the staging process of gastric cancer with a high accuracy in detecting non-curable disease, thereby preventing futile treatment and its associated burden.     

Annual hospital volume and colorectal cancer survival in a population-based nationwide cohort study in Finland

PurposeTo examine the annual hospital volume of surgery in relation to survival in colorectal cancer. Previous studies on hospital volume and survival following colorectal cancer surgery are conflicting.MethodsAll 49 032 patients who underwent resection for colorectal cancer in 1987–2016 in Finland were included, with complete follow-up until December 31, 2019. Primary outcome was 5-year mortality. Cox regression provided hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for quartiles of annual hospital volume for colorectal surgery, adjusted for calendar period, age, sex, comorbidity, stage, tumor location and oncological therapy. Additionally, colon and rectal cancer surgery were assessed separately. Sensitivity analysis of patients with confirmed curative intent was conducted.ResultsCompared to highest quartile (≥108 resections annually), lowest hospital volume (≤37 resections annually) was associated with slightly increased 5-year all-cause mortality (adjusted HR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02–1.12). A pre-planned subgroup-analysis suggested a slightly improved 5-year survival in high-volume institutions for rectal cancer, but not colon cancer surgery. Sensitivity analysis including only those operated with confirmed curative intent suggested no differences between hospital volume groups in colorectal, colon or rectal cancer for 5-year all-cause mortality.ConclusionHigher hospital volume is associated with slightly improved all-cause 5-year mortality in colorectal cancer surgery, but this effect may be limited to rectal cancer surgery only. Volume-outcome relationship in rectal cancer surgery should be investigated further using large datasets. These results do not support centralization of colon cancer surgery based on hospital volume only.     

Hiperplasia endotelial papilar intravascular (tumor Masson) de localización ginecológica

Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia or Masson's tumour is a non-neoplastic vascular lesion of reactive character. It is a rare diagnosis, clinically non-specific and with diverse locations. It is essential to take it into consideration and make a differential diagnosis with malignant vascular tumours such as angiosarcoma. Pathological study is fundamental for diagnosis. Treatment consists of complete resection of the tumour, including sufficiently wide margins to avoid recurrence.The case reported is an exceptional event, because of the pelvic location of the Masson's tumour that was diagnosed as part of the surgical staging of an ovarian cancer.     

肝细胞癌中miR-942-5p的表达及其与患者恶性特征及不良预后的关系

目的:探讨微小RNA-942-5p(miR-942-5p)在肝细胞癌(HCC)组织中的表达及其功能。方法:用实时定量PCR检测西安交通大学第一附属医院样本库保存的73例HCC组织和对应癌旁组织中miR-942-5p的表达。分析miR-942-5p表达与HCC患者临床病理资料的关系,同时分析TCGA数据库中miR-942-5p表达与HCC患者总生存率的关系。Transwell小室检测干扰miR-942-5p表达后HCC细胞迁移和侵袭能力的变化,StarBase V3.0网站和荧光素酶报告基因质粒预测分析miR-942-5p的下游靶点,并用Western blot验证。结果:miR-942-5p表达量在HCC组织中明显高于对应癌旁组织(2.390 vs. 1.764,P0.05)。miR-942-5p表达量与HCC患者肿瘤数目、血管浸润和临床分期明显有关(均P0.05)。miR-942-5p高表达HCC患者总生存率明显低于miR-942-5p低表达HCC患者(19.535%vs. 53.873%,P0.05)。沉默miR-942-5p表达后,肝癌HCCLM3和MHCC97H细胞迁移和侵袭能力明显减弱(均P0.05)。预测与分析结果显示,扣针蛋白5(FBLN5)是miR-942-5p的直接下游靶点(P0.05),沉默miR-942-5p表达导致HCCLM3和MHCC97H细胞中FBLN5表达增加。结论:miR-942-5p在HCC组织中表达异常升高并与恶性临床特征和不良预后密切相关,机制可能与miR-942-5p抑制FBLN5表达促进HCC细胞迁移和侵袭有关。     

18F-FDG PET/CT SUVmax与乳腺浸润性导管癌临床病理特征及新辅助化疗疗效的相关性

 目的 探讨¹⁸F-脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）正电子发射计算机断层扫描（PET/CT）显像治疗前病灶最大标准摄取值（maximum standard uptake value, SUV_max）与乳腺浸润性导管癌临床病理特征的关系及与新辅助化疗疗效的相关性，以指导临床个体化治疗。方法 选取佛山市第一人民医院行¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT显像的272例初治乳腺浸润性导管癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析，测定原发病灶的SUV_max，分析临床病理特征、分子分型及新辅助化疗疗效与原发灶SUV_max的相关性。结果 乳腺癌原发灶的SUV_max在不同T分期、不同组织学分级、有无淋巴结转移方面差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05），雌激素受体（ER）和（或）孕激素受体（PR）阳性组与阴性组的SUV_max差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），人表皮生长因子受体2（HER2）阳性组与阴性组的SUV_max差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），Ki-67高表达者SUV_max高于低表达者（P<0.05）。Basal-like型和HER2过表达型SUV_max均高于Luminal A型乳腺癌（P<0.05）。病理完全缓解组与未达到病理缓解组SUV_max差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT SUV_max与乳腺癌的临床病理特征具有较大的相关性，原发病灶SUV_max较高者更能从新辅助化疗中获益。     

Annual hospital volume of surgery for gastrointestinal cancer in relation to prognosis

BackgroundStudies examining hospital volume for surgery for various gastrointestinal (GI) cancer types have shown conflicting results regarding the influence on long-term prognosis. The aim of this study was to examine annual hospital volume in relation to long-term survival after elective surgery for all GI cancers (esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, bile ducts, small bowel, colon, and rectum).MethodsPopulation-based cohort study including all 45,908 patients who underwent elective surgery for GI cancers in Sweden in 2005–2013. Follow-up was until 2016 for disease-specific 5-year mortality (main outcome) and 2018 for all-cause 5-year mortality (secondary outcome). Hospitals were divided into quartiles for each GI cancer according to a 4-year average annual volume of the year of surgery and three years earlier. Multivariable Cox regression provided hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for relevant confounders.ResultsHigher hospital volume was associated with a survival benefit in the large group of patients (n = 26,688) who underwent colon cancer resection, with HR 0.89 (95% CI 0.84–0.96) for disease-specific 5-year mortality comparing the highest with the lowest quartile. Higher hospital volume improved 5-year mortality in sub-groups of patients who underwent surgery for cancer of the esophagus, pancreas, and rectum. No such improvements were found for cancer of the stomach, liver, bile ducts, or small bowel.ConclusionLong-term survival was improved at higher volume hospitals for some GI cancers (colon, esophagus, pancreas, rectum), but not for others (stomach, liver, bile ducts, small bowel).     

癌相关成纤维细胞在乳腺癌侵袭转移及耐药中的作用研究进展

癌相关成纤维细胞(CAF)是肿瘤微环境中主要的基质细胞。CAF可在血小板源性生生长因子、成纤维细胞生长因子、白介素6及肝细胞生长因子等多种分泌因子作用下由正常成纤维细胞转化形成,也可由间充质干细胞、脂肪细胞等多种细胞可通过上皮间质转化(EMT)过程形成,还有部分由癌症干细胞转化而来。近来有研究显示,乳腺癌中的CAF可通过分泌多种细胞因子及外泌体、参与EMT及细胞外基质重塑,进而促进乳腺癌细胞侵袭转移,也可在肿瘤缺氧微环境下通过激活相关信号通路促进乳腺癌细胞生长和侵袭。此外,CAF通过增加了乳腺癌细胞的凋亡阈值、作为抗肿瘤药物的物理屏障、分泌的谷氨酰胺增加乳腺癌细胞的存活率、激活生长因子相关的信号通路或增加线粒体功能产生抗凋亡作用等多种途径介导乳腺癌化疗耐药、内分泌治疗耐药及多药耐药。笔者总结CAF的重要来源及其在乳腺癌侵袭转移与治疗耐药中的研究进展。     

HPV检测原发灶不明颈淋巴结转移癌的诊断作用初探(附6例报告)

目的 初步探讨HPV检测在诊断原发灶不明的颈淋巴结转移性鳞癌中的价值。方法 收集复旦大学附属肿瘤医院6例首诊为原发灶不明的颈淋巴结转移性鳞癌,最终确诊为HPV相关口咽鳞癌,分析确诊过程。结果 首诊时6例患者均被确诊为颈淋巴结转移性鳞癌,且p16表达阳性和HPV-16亚型阳性,而EBER表达阴性。经全面检查均未发现明显的原发病灶。随后对其中4例予同侧扁桃体盲检(2例)和切除(2例),病理均证实为扁桃体鳞癌。另2例分别在随访第149天、545天MRI检查发现同侧口咽侧壁和舌根增厚伴强化,经活检分别证实为扁桃体鳞癌、舌根鳞癌。结论 对于原发灶不明的HPV阳性颈淋巴结转移性鳞癌,应高度怀疑原发病灶来源于口咽部位的可能性,特别是扁桃体和舌根部位。