胎儿股骨骺板和干骺端胰岛素样生长因子－Ⅰ分布的研究

采用硬组织切片技术和ＡＢＣ免疫组织化学技术，对５例１６～２０周胎儿股骨骺板、干骺瑞进行胰岛素样生长因子－Ｉ（简称ＩＧＦ－Ｉ）的定位研究。观察到骺板储备区、增生区和肥大区均有ＩＧＦ－Ｉ免疫反应阳住的软骨细胞；干骺端存在一定数量的ＩＧＦ－Ｉ阳性成骨细胞，部分类骨质和骨基质也有阳性反应物沉积，少数破骨细胞也呈ＩＧＦ－Ｉ免疫阳性反应。作者同时讨论了在硬组织切片上进行免疫组化染色的可能性和ＩＧＦ－Ｉ在骨组织内的作用。     

交锁髓内钉在股骨、胫骨干骺端骨折中的应用

目的 探讨交锁髓内钉在股骨，胫骨干骺端骨折中的应用。方法 回顾性分析1999年5月-2001年7月行股骨，胫骨干骺端骨折交锁髓内钉固定术的患者18例，8例股骨骨折中，骨折线位于小转子以上2例，股骨髁面4-6cm以内6例，其中累及膝关节2例。交通伤15例，坠落伤2例，摔伤1例。根据临床疗效综合评价该手术方式的可能性。结果 术后无一例发生伤口感染，骨不连，关节功能障碍等并发症，随访6-24个月，平均18个月，股骨近，远端骨折，胫骨远端骨折平均愈合时间分别为12周，13周，14周，16周，所有骨折均愈合，术后6个月均弃拐行走，评价按Johner-Wruch标准；优良17例，1例畸形愈合，优良率为94%。结论 在股骨，胫骨干骺端骨折使用交锁髓内钉疗效满意，扩大了交锁髓内钉的适应证。     

Jansen type of spondylometaphyseal dysplasia

Metaphyseal dysplasia, type Jansen (JMD), is a rare skeletal dysplasia with characteristic radiographic abnormalities. Of the various types of metaphyseal dysplasia, JMD shows the most severe alteration in metaphyseal architecture. All of the long tubular bones, including those of the hands and feet, show metaphyseal irregularity with a fragmented appearance and slight widening. The adjacent physes are abnormally widened, while the epiphyses tend to be slightly enlarged, rounded but otherwise normal. The spine in infancy and childhood usually appears normal. This report describes a young girl with metaphyseal changes typical of JMD except for the hands and feet, which appeared normal. She also showed very unusual abnormalities of the spine. This appears, therefore, to represent a unique osteochondrodysplasia for which we propose the term spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, type Jansen. Received: 4 April 1999 Revision requested: 6 April 1999 Revision received: 29 November 1999 Accepted: 1 December 1999     

Human fetal bone development: histomorphometric evaluation of the proximal femoral metaphysis

Quantitative data on metaphyseal bone histology during early human development are scarce. In the present study the proximal femoral metaphysis of 35 fetuses and newborns (gestational age 16–35 weeks) was analyzed by histomorphometry. Averaged over the entire metaphyseal area, the relative amount of bone and cartilage was higher in the third compared to the second trimester. Osteoid thickness increased with gestational age, whereas indices of bone resorption decreased. The relative amount of cartilage decreased with increasing distance from the growth plate, whereas the relative amount of bone increased. This was due to trabecular thickening, which occurred at an estimated rate of 3 μm/day in areas close to the growth plate. Despite this rapid rate of net bone gain, osteoid indices were relatively low, indicating that mineralization occurred very rapidly after bone deposition. These observations suggest that modeling, not remodeling, is the predominant mechanism responsible for the development of femoral metaphyseal cancellous bone in utero.     

Erdheim-Chester disease in a child with MR imaging showing regression of marrow changes

Objective Erdheim-Chester disease is a disseminated xanthogranulomatous infiltrative disease of unknown origin that generally presents in adulthood. A review of the English-language literature demonstrated that pediatric cases were extremely rare, and to our knowledge, only two cases, a 7- and 14-year-old, have been published. Design and patient We report a case of Erdheim-Chester disease in a 10-year-old girl evaluated with MR imaging. Radiographs revealed typical bilateral, symmetric osteosclerosis of the metaphyseal regions of long bones of the upper and lower extremities. Results A histologic examination demonstrated foamy histiocytes in bone marrow smears. Bilateral symmetric low signal intensities of both proximal tibiae and distal femurs were demonstrated on T1-weighted MR images. After oral steroid therapy for 8 months, follow-up MR imaging showed remarkable restoration of normal high signal intensity in both the tibial and femoral metaphyses. Conclusion To our knowledge, this may be the first case of Erdheim-Chester disease that showed normal restoration of the abnormal signal intensities in the metaphyses of long bones after steroid therapy.     

Engelmann’s disease with optic atrophy

Engelman-Camurati disease is a rare Diaphyseal dysplasia, characterized by endosteal and periostal thickness of cortex of shaft of tubular bone sparing metaphysis and epiphysis. The bone of the hand, feet, ribs, scapulae and pubis are not affected.     

胫骨干骺端延长术的术后处理

随着胫骨干骺端延长术的广泛开展,其并发症亦越来越多地反映出来。作者主要通过术后的康复治疗措施,减少并发症的发生。本文随访87年11月—88年9月20例胫骨干骺端延长术者,前期病例发生骨延迟愈合1例,一过性肢体麻木4例,马蹄足6例,膝屈曲加重1例。10例经KF多功能康复治疗器照射者,平均骨愈合时间80.3天,其余10例为95天。讨论了KF的作用原理及以上几种并发症的发生原因,提出了相应的预防及处理方法。     

U形外固定架结合有限内固定治疗干骺端粉碎性骨折

目的 介绍用U形外固定架治疗长骨干骺端经关节面的粉碎性骨折的疗效。方法 2000年2月～2002年9月对8例患者分别采用切开复位少量螺丝钉内固定及U形骨外固定架固定。结果 全部病例均得到随访,随访时间平均11个月。外固定架术后使用时间平均为3.5个月,骨折愈合时间平均为4.5个月,所有骨折均愈合。无骨不连等发生。终末随访时膝关节活动度平均屈95°,伸180°。踝关节平均背伸10°,跖屈28°。结论 外固定架结合有限内固定治疗经关节面的干骺端粉碎性骨折,可避免伤口并发症和骨不连的发生,即能维持骨折对位恢复关节面的解剖关系,又不妨碍关节活动,是治疗长骨干骺端经关节面粉碎性骨折的较好方法。     

解剖型钢板固定干骺部骨折评价(附98例报告)

目的：探索MAY解剖型钢板在干骺部骨折治疗中的应用。方法：通过对98例干骺部骨折采用MAY解剖型钢板固定的评析，评价该手术的优越性。结果：MAY解剖型钢板在干骺部骨折治疗中疗效满意。结论：MAY解剖型钢板是根据骨骼的特定部位的解剖形态制作的，与干骺部骨轮廊相匹配，因而手术操作极为方便，创伤小，固定骨折稳定性好，有利于骨折愈合和功能锻炼，是干骺部骨折理想的内固定材料。     

正常婴幼儿尺桡骨远端及肋骨干骺端的高频超声研究

目的：研究正常婴幼儿尺、桡骨远端及肋骨干骺端的正常高频超声图像。方法：随机选取经临床检查未发现异常的婴幼儿135例（月龄3－18个月），高频超声观察尺、桡骨远端及肋骨干骺端的超声图像并测量分析。结果：135例全部能清晰显示尺、桡骨远端及肋骨干骺端的各部分结构，包括临时钙化带、骺软骨、二次骨化中心及骨膜、软骨膜，尤其能显示临时钙化带的盘状钙化平面。尺、桡骨临时钙化带的宽度及骺软骨的宽度均随月龄的增长而增长（P＜0．001），但桡骨及尺骨临时钙化带的厚度变化并不随月龄增加，而是呈波浪状变化。结论：高频超声可清楚显示正常尺、桡骨远端及肋骨干骺端各部分的形态结构，并测定出不同月龄各结构的正常值，为判别病理状态下相应部分的改变奠定了基础。