基于临床观察文本解析痛经辨治规律研究

目的:研究痛经的中医药辨治规律。方法:检索国家知识基础设施数据库(CNKI)1988—2019年应用中药治疗痛经的相关文献,采用Medcase Ver38诊籍中医师工作室-名老中医经验传承辅助平台,运用文本解析对临床医案进行研究。结果:研究文献131篇,医案104则,涉及病例128次,332诊次,涉及症状92条,病机33条,舌象27条,脉象17条,药物249种。结论:中医药治疗痛经的特异症状为“经行腹痛”,可见症为“夹血块、月经色暗、手足冰冷、经期腰酸”,相关舌脉为“舌质暗红,苔薄白”“脉沉细弦”,核心病机为“瘀血阻滞”,常用治法为“行气化瘀,活血止痛”,常用药物为“当归、白芍、甘草、延胡索、川芎”。     

Retrospective analysis of forensic cases in refugees admitted to emergency department

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to compare the distribution and frequency of forensic medical events in a refugee group with that of the general population, and thus, extrapolate the problems encountered in the immigrant population.MethodsThose cases admitted to the emergency department (ED) for any reason that required a forensic examination between January 2016 and June 2018 were investigated retrospectively.ResultsA total of 310 refugees were admitted to the ED for forensic medical events. The most common nations of origin of the refugees were Iraq (n = 167), Syria (n = 65), and Afghanistan (n = 28). The median age of the refugees was 24 years old (interquartile range = 17–33). With regard to forensics, the most common reasons for the refugees to present to the ED were motor vehicle accidents 27.4%, assaults 25.8%, employment and industrial accidents 16.1%, and suicide attempts 10.3%. Other than suicide attempts, all of the forensic presentations were more common in the males. The outcomes of the refugee group were as follows: 92.3% were discharged, 5.8% were admitted to the hospital, 1% were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), and 1% were transferred. Suicide attempts were the most common reasons for the ICU admissions, while the most common reasons for the hospital admissions were orthopedic injuries.ConclusionIn general, the forensic event frequency in the refugee group was lower (p = 0.001); however, this was a single center study, and there could have been unrecorded cases due to an inability to access healthcare assistance, so these results may not be reliable.     

Risk factors related to the severity of COVID-19 in Wuhan

Objective: To evaluate the characteristics at admission of patients with moderate COVID-19 in Wuhan and to explore risk factors associated with the severe prognosis of the disease for prognostic prediction.Methods: In this retrospective study, moderate and severe disease was defined according to the report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on COVID-19. Clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of 172 patients with laboratory-confirmed moderate COVID-19 were collected when they were admitted to the Cancer Center of Wuhan Union Hospital between February 13, 2020 and February 25, 2020. This cohort was followed to March 14, 2020. The outcomes, being discharged as mild cases or developing into severe cases, were categorized into two groups. The data were compared and analyzed with univariate logistic regression to identify the features that differed significantly between the two groups. Based on machine learning algorithms, a further feature selection procedure was performed to identify the features that can contribute the most to the prediction of disease severity.Results: Of the 172 patients, 112 were discharged as mild cases, and 60 developed into severe cases. Four clinical characteristics and 18 laboratory findings showed significant differences between the two groups in the statistical test (P<0.01) and univariate logistic regression analysis (P<0.01). In the further feature selection procedure, six features were chosen to obtain the best performance in discriminating the two groups with a linear kernel support vector machine. The mean accuracy was 91.38%, with a sensitivity of 0.90 and a specificity of 0.94. The six features included interleukin-6, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, procalcitonin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, chest distress and calcium level.Conclusions: With the data collected at admission, the combination of one clinical characteristic and five laboratory findings contributed the most to the discrimination between the two groups with a linear kernel support vector machine classifier. These factors may be risk factors that can be used to perform a prognostic prediction regarding the severity of the disease for patients with moderate COVID-19 in the early stage of the disease.     

柏连松诊治克罗恩病验案二则

简要总结了柏连松教授治疗疑难顽疾克罗恩病妁临床经验,并列举验案二则。本病的病机为本虚标实,本虚为脾肾亏虚,标实是湿热邪实为患,形成虚实夹杂、寒热错杂的正虚邪实之象。治宜扶正祛邪,扶正尤重健脾补中,扶邪以清化湿热最为常用,且坚持久治方能获效。     

Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) from pre and asymptomatic infected individuals: a systematic review

BackgroundThe role of SARS-Cov-2-infected persons who develop symptoms after testing (presymptomatics) or not at all (asymptomatics) in the pandemic spread is unknown.ObjectivesTo determine infectiousness and probable contribution of asymptomatic persons (at the time of testing) to pandemic SARS-CoV-2 spread.Data sourcesLitCovid, medRxiv, Google Scholar, and WHO Covid-19 databases (to 31 March 2021) and references in included studies.Study eligibility criteriaStudies with a proven or hypothesized transmission chain based either on serial PCR cycle threshold readings and/or viral culture and/or gene sequencing, with adequate follow-up.ParticipantsPeople exposed to SARS-CoV-2 within 2–14 days to index asymptomatic (at time of observation) infected individuals.InterventionsReliability of symptom and signs was assessed within contemporary knowledge; transmission likelihood was assessed using adapted causality criteria.MethodsSystematic review. We contacted all included studies' corresponding authors requesting further details.ResultsWe included 18 studies from a diverse setting with substantial methodological variation (this field lacks standardized methodology). At initial testing, prevalence of asymptomatic cases was 12.5–100%. Of these, 6–100% were later determined to be presymptomatic, this proportion varying according to setting, methods of case ascertainment and population. Nursing/care home facilities reported high rates of presymptomatic: 50–100% (n = 3 studies). Fourteen studies were classified as high risk of, and four studies as at moderate risk of symptom ascertainment bias. High-risk studies may be less likely to distinguish between presymptomatic and asymptomatic cases. Six asymptomatic studies and four presymptomatic studies reported culturing infectious virus; data were too sparse to determine infectiousness duration. Three studies provided evidence of possible and three of probable/likely asymptomatic transmission; five studies provided possible and two probable/likely presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 transmission.ConclusionHigh-quality studies provide probable evidence of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from presymptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, with highly variable estimated transmission rates.     

多重PCR检测方法在儿童流感样病例病原检测中的临床价值（附94例报告）

目的　探讨多重聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测方法在儿童流感样病例病原检测中的临床应用价值，了解儿童流感样病例病原情况。方法　收集2018年11月至2019年2月北京地区94例儿童流感样病例咽拭子标本，采用多重PCR核酸检测技术测定甲型流感病毒（InfA）、 甲型流感病毒H1N1（InfA-H1N1）、 甲型流感病毒H3N2（InfA-H3N2）、 乙型流感病毒（InfB）、 人副流感病毒、 呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）、 人腺病毒（HADV）、 人鼻病毒（HRV）、 人博卡病毒、 人偏肺病毒（HMPV）、 人冠状病毒（HCoV）和肺炎支原体（MP）、 衣原体13种病原核酸。结果　94例标本中78例（82.98%）可测出病原，其中69例（73.40%）检出1种病原，9例（9.57%）检出2种病原； 94例标本中52例（55.32%）检出流感病原，26例（27.66%）检出非流感病原。单一病原检出由多到少为InfA-H1N1 31例，InfA-H3N2 10例，RSV 9例，HMPV 7例，InfA、 HRV、 HADV各3例，InfB、 HCoV及MP各1例。9例检出2种病原的标本中，6例检出流感分别合并其他病毒（HRV、 HADV、 RSV、 HCoV、 HMPV），1例检出甲流H1N1和H3N2，2例分别检出RSV、 HRV及HCoV、 HADV。结论　非流感病原微生物引起流感样病例并不少见，多重PCR检测有助于全面了解流感样病例的病原和混合感染情况。     

从质保案例看医院工程质量控制PS十原则

结合医院工程质量保修期维保案例,从人员、材料、工艺、管理等方面总结了医院建筑工程的"质控PS十原则",以期为丰富工程质量管理控制体系提供借鉴。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎无症状感染相关研究进展

我国新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情逐步控制，当下对无症状感染者的管理和风险评估成为亟待解决的问题。无症状感染者主要通过密切接触者筛查、聚集性疫情调查、传染源追踪调查、对部分人员开展主动检测等途径发现。目前关于无症状感染者造成疾病传播的风险研究有限，并且缺乏大规模社区人群无症状感染者分布的数据支持。以核酸检测为主要手段的病原学检测适用于已发现的确诊病例和无症状感染者密切接触者等重点人群筛查，应及早开始；而抗体检测更适用于传染来源不明的一般人群中无症状感染者的筛查。对无症状感染者的管理，目前按照“早发现、早报告、早隔离、早治疗”的要求，严格集中隔离和医学观察。     

Management and prevention of imported malaria in children. Update of the French guidelines

Since the 2007 French guidelines on imported Falciparum malaria, the epidemiology, treatment, and prevention of malaria have changed considerably requiring guidelines for all Plasmodium species to be updated. Over the past decade, the incidence of imported malaria has decreased in all age groups, reflecting the decrease in the incidence of malaria in endemic areas. The rates of severe pediatric cases have increased as in adults, but fatalities are rare. The parasitological diagnosis requires a thick blood smear (or a rapid immunochromatographic test) and a thin blood film. Alternatively, a rapid antigen detection test can be paired with a thin blood film. Thrombocytopenia in children presenting with fever is highly predictive of malaria following travel to a malaria-endemic area and, when detected, malaria should be strongly considered. The first-line treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria is now an artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), either artemether-lumefantrine or artenimol-piperaquine, as recommended by the World Health Organization in endemic areas. Uncomplicated presentations of non-falciparum malaria should be treated either with chloroquine or ACT. The first-line treatment of severe malaria is now intravenous artesunate which is more effective than quinine in endemic areas. Quinine is restricted to cases where artesunate is contraindicated or unavailable. Prevention of malaria in pediatric travelers consists of nocturnal personal protection against mosquitoes (especially insecticide-treated nets) combined with chemoprophylaxis according to the risk level.