COPD急性加重期患者治疗前后血清4-HNE水平的变化

目的 综合评估不同分组COPD急性加重期(acute exacerbation of chronic obstructivepulmonary disease,AECOPD)患者治疗前后血清4-羟基壬烯醛(4-HNE)水平的变化,探讨4-HNE水平在COPD不同情况下的作用.方法 收集2013年1月至2015年5月山西医科大学附属山西大医院住院的40例AECOPD患者为研究对象,其中男36例,女4例,平均年龄(67±9)岁.所有患者按4种方式分组:①肺功能Ⅰ-Ⅱ级组和肺功能Ⅲ-Ⅳ级组;②B组(低风险多症状组)和D组(高风险多症状组);③合并心血管疾病组和无心血管疾病组;④嗜酸粒细胞≤2％组和嗜酸粒细胞＞2％组.另设健康对照组50例,与AECOPD组患者性别、年龄相匹配.采用酶联免疫吸附试验测定各组患者血清中4-HNE水平.结果 ①与健康对照组(9.4±3.0)mg/L比较,AECOPD患者治疗前(18.5±5.2) mg/L和治疗后(19.0±5.1) mg/L血清4-HNE水平均明显增高,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).②AECOPD名组治疗前后及各亚组间治疗前比较血清4-HNE水平差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).③肺功能Ⅰ-Ⅱ级组和肺功能Ⅲ-Ⅳ级组及B组和D组治疗后血清4-HNE水平下降的比例分别为43.8％和50.0％及46.7％和54.5％,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).④合并心血管疾病组和无心血管疾病组及嗜酸粒细胞≤2％组和嗜酸粒细胞＞2％组,治疗后血清4-HNE水平下降的比例分别为25.0％和66.7％及73.3％和32.0％,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).⑤AECOPD患者治疗前后血清4-HNE水平与FEV1％pred差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 AECOPD患者系统性氧化应激反应增强,合并心血管疾病及外周血嗜酸粒细胞＞2％的AECOPD患者治疗后仍持续存在较高的系统性氧化应激反应,4-HNE水平可能成为COPD不同情况下的生物标志物,并为COPD提供新的治疗靶点.     

Contrast-induced thrombocytopenia following percutaneous coronary intervention

Contrast-induced thrombocytopenia is a rare complication distinguished by acute and severe platelet consumption, with spontaneous recovery within days. We describe a case of acute thrombocytopenia 6 hours after coronary angioplasty in a patient with a negative antiplatelet factor 4 test. The count reached 1 × 10³/µL, but improved spontaneously to 210 × 10³/µL after 8 days. In conclusion, physicians should be aware of this complication, particularly when dual antiplatelet therapy is being considered.     

Comparison of the ACC/AHA and Framingham algorithms to assess cardiovascular risk in HIV-infected patients

The aim of this study was to compare the predictions of Framingham cardiovascular (CV) risk score (FRS) and the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) risk score in an HIV outpatient clinic in the city of Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil. In a cross-sectional study 341 HIV infected patients over 40 years old consecutively recruited were interviewed. Cohen's kappa coefficient was used to assess agreement between the two algorithms. 61.3% were stratified as low risk by Framingham score, compared with 54% by ACC/AHA score (Spearman correlation 0.845; p < 0.000). Only 26.1% were classified as cardiovascular high risk by Framingham compared to 46% by ACC/AHA score (Kappa = 0.745; p < 0.039). Only one out of eight patients had cardiovascular high risk by Framingham at the time of a myocardial infarction event registered up to five years before the study period. Both cardiovascular risk scores but especially Framingham underestimated high-risk patients in this HIV-infected population.     

Red Blood Cell Distribution Width Is Associated With All‐Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients

Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is an index of red blood cell variability that is usually used to differentiate the cause of anemia. However, clinical evidence for the relationship between RDW and mortality in hemodialysis patients is still lacking. We performed a single center, prospective longitudinal study. During more than 5 years of follow‐up in 80 patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis, 34 patients (42.5%) died. In the Kaplan–Meier curve analyses, higher RDW levels (≥ 14.9%) were significantly associated with all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality (log‐rank test, P < 0.05, each). In multivariate Cox proportional hazard models, each 1.0% increase in RDW value predicted an estimated 25% higher risk of mortality (P < 0.05) and a 40% higher risk of cardiovascular mortality (P < 0.05). In conclusion, higher RDW value was a significant predictor for all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.     

The impact of age and comorbidities on practice patterns and outcomes in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma in the era of novel therapies

Objectives

One-third of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) are diagnosed at age ≥ 75 years. Older patients have increased incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and renal insufficiency (RI), hallmark complications of MM. We examined cumulative incidence of CVD and RI in relapsed/refractory MM (RRMM) and outcomes by age and RI/CVD.

心血管病患者拔牙阿替卡因肾上腺素局麻临床效果观察

目的 比较局部麻醉剂阿替卡因肾上腺素和利多卡因用于老年心血管疾病患者拔牙时,对患者血压和心率等变化的影响,探寻阿替卡因肾上腺素用于老年心血管疾病患者拔牙的安全性.方法 本研究包括 228 例老年心血管疾病患者的 239 颗牙齿,随机分组为阿替卡因肾上腺素组(实验组)和利多卡因组(对照组),分别记录麻醉注射前3min,麻醉注射即刻,麻醉注射后3min、拔牙手术中、拔牙手术后3min患者的血压、心率.对数据进行统计分析.结果 与利多卡因相比,阿替卡因肾上腺素在麻醉注射即刻、拔牙手术中心率明显加快,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).在麻醉注射后3min收缩压升高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).在任何时点舒张压均无明显升高.两组在麻醉注射后、拔牙手术后血压、心率均回复到麻醉注射前水平.结论 局部麻醉剂阿替卡因肾上腺素对无心动过速、经过全身系统治疗的、病情稳定的心血管疾病患者拔牙是安全可行的.     

NKX2.5基因多态性与成人心血管疾病的相关性

目的 研究NKX2.5 基因(同源盒转录因子)多位点单核苷酸多态性与成人心血管疾病发病风险的相关性.方法 实验采用病例对照研究,纳入心血管疾病患者108例,对照组105例(同期体检的健康人).采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)结合DNA测序技术对NKX2.5 基因rs3729753、rs2277923的多态性位点进行序列扩增、检测和基因分型分布.采用卡方检验对两个多态性位点与成人心血管疾病的风险进行关联分析.结果 rs3729753位点,纯合突变型(CC),突变杂合子(GC)与野生型纯合子(GG)在两组中分布差异无统计学意义(P=0.200).突变型等位基因C和野生型等位基因G在两组中的分布差异无统计学意义(P=0.213).rs2277923位点,携带突变等位基因A个体的患病风险是携带野生型等位基因G个体的2.36倍(95%CI 1.50~3.70,P=0.000).与野生型纯合子(GG)比较,杂合子(GA)个体患病的风险显著增高(OR=2.18,95%CI 1.24~3.85,P=0.007);纯合子(AA)个体患病的风险显著增高(OR=16.62,95%CI 2.07~133.25,P=0.001).rs2277923位点亚组分析中,冠心病组携带突变等位基因A相对于野生型等位基因G个体的患病风险显著增加(χ2=8.523,P=0.004).与野生型纯合子(GG)比较,突变纯合子(AA)个体患病风险显著增高(χ2=11.396,P=0.001).原发性高血压组并未发现rs2277923位点突变与疾病存在相关性.冠心病合并原高组携带突变等位基因A相对于携带野生型等位基因G个体的患病风险显著增加(χ2=13.23,P=0.000).与野生型纯合子(GG)比较,杂合子(GA)个体患病风险显著增加(χ2=6.957,P=0.008);纯合子(AA)个体患病风险显著增加(χ2=13.679,P=0.000).结论 NKX2.5 基因rs2277923位点突变是成人心血管疾病的风险因素.     

应用2014西雅图心电图判读标准筛查部队心血管高危患者的可行性研究

目的：探讨部队心血管高危患者筛查方法，以减少高强度军事训练中急性心血管事件乃至猝死的发生。方法采用问卷调查、查体、12导联心电图和心脏彩色多普勒超声综合筛选法对参加军事训练的320名官兵进行健康体检。分别依据2014西雅图心电图判读标准(西雅图组)、美国心脏学会(AHA)标准(AHA 组)以及二者综合判断(综合组)，进行心血管高危患者筛查。比较各组筛查敏感性、特异性及阳性预测值、阴性预测值，并绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线，计算曲线下面积。结果西雅图组和综合组筛查敏感性高于 AHA 组，且西雅图组筛查特异性高于其余两组，差异均有统计学意义(P <0．05)；阳性预测值西雅图组较高，阴性预测值综合组较高。西雅图组、综合组 ROC 曲线下面积均高于 AHA 组，差异均有统计学意义(P <0．05)。结论采用2014西雅图心电图判读标准预测部队心血管高危患者优于 AHA 标准，联合应用两种方法有助于提高筛查的敏感性。