Applications of geospatial analyses in health research among homeless people: A systematic scoping review of available evidence

BackgroundUnequal housing access resulted in more than 150 million homeless people worldwide, with millions more expected to be added every year due to the ongoing climate-related crises. Homeless population has a counterproductive effect on the social, psychological integration efforts by the community and exposure to other severe health-related issues. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have long been applied in urban planning and policy, housing and homelessness, and health-related research.MethodsWe used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method to systematically review 24 articles collected from multiple databases (n = 10) that focused on health-related issues among homeless people and used geospatial analysis techniques in their research.ResultsOur findings indicated a geographic clustering of case study locations– 26 out of the 31 case study sites are from the USA and Canada. Studies used spatial analysis techniques to identify hotspots, clusters and patterns of patient location and population distribution. Studies also reported relationships among the location of homeless shelters and substance use, discarded needles, different infectious and non-infectious disease clusters.ConclusionMost studies were restricted in analyzing and visualizing the patterns and disease clusters; however, geospatial analyses techniques are useful and offer diverse techniques for a more sophisticated understanding of the spatial characteristics of the health issues among homeless people. Better integration of GIS in health research among the homeless would help formulate sensible policies to counter health inequities among this vulnerable population group.     

Effect of Ligustrazine on Bone Marrow Microenvironment and Signal Transducti on Path in Irradiation Injured Mice

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动脉导管未闭合并肺动脉高压堵闭术

目的 :评价动脉导管未闭 (PDA)合并肺动脉高压堵闭术的临床应用价值。方法 :本组 1 4例PDA合并肺动脉高压患者实施了蘑菇伞堵闭术 ,术前常规进行导管检查和主动脉弓造影。结果 :术前肺动脉压 67.0± 2 4 .6/37.8±8 9mmHg,主动脉压为 88.5± 1 4 .6/46 .5± 1 1 .3mmHg。术后 30min肺动脉压降为 49.8± 1 3 .3/2 0 .2± 1 2 .3mmHg(P <0 0 0 1 ) ,动脉压升至 95 .6± 1 8.4/58.0± 1 2 .1mmHg(P <0 .0 5)。成功率 1 0 0 % ,无严重并发症。结论 :经导管堵闭术治疗PDA合并肺动脉高压 ,是一种疗效好 ,创伤小的介入治疗 ,值得推广。     

Neoplasia sincrónica de endometrio y ovario

We report the case of a patient with synchronous neoplasms of the endometrium and ovary, which developed at a relatively young age (45 years). Clinical presentation consisted of hypermenorrhea. An ovarian tumor was subsequently detected through ultrasound and computed tomography. Pathological examination revealed endometrioid histology at both sites and, as in most synchronous tumors occurring in these locations, both the grade and the stage of the tumors were low. All these factors indicate a good prognosis.     

NO在卵巢切除鼠椎间盘中的表达及意义

目的: 研究一氧化氮(NO)在卵巢切除后鼠椎间盘组织中的含量, 并探讨其意义.方法:6月龄雌性SD大鼠64只,实验组32只,行双侧卵巢切除术;对照组32只,行假手术.术后3个月两组分别以Prodigy骨密度仪作大鼠腰椎骨密度值(BMD)测定;同时分别摘取子宫组织,进行病理学检查;分别取两组大鼠L4～L5椎间盘,取匀浆液测定NO和一氧化氮合酶(NOS)含量.结果:大鼠腰椎BMD两组之间有非常显著性差异(P<0.01);病理学检查实验组子宫明显萎缩;椎间盘NO含量实验组为(13.195±0.045)nmol/mg Pr,对照组为(10.399±0.036)nmol/mg Pr;术后3个月实验组大鼠椎间盘NOS含量实验组为(3.487±0.024)U/mg Pr,对照组为(2.766±0.021)U/mg Pr.两组之间均有非常显著性差异(P<0.01).结论:NO和NOS在卵巢切除鼠椎间盘的退变中起重要作用.     

老龄大鼠非细菌性多器官功能不全综合征模型的建立

目的以酵母多糖腹腔注射建立老龄大鼠多器官功能不全综合征(MODSE)模型,并进一步与成年多器官功能不全综合征(MODS)模型作比较.方法成年和老龄SD大鼠,腹腔注射不同剂量酵母多糖,以血气、血生化和心、肝、脑、肺、肾等各主要脏器的光镜检查等为指标,观察上述各主要脏器的功能和形态学的变化.结果与成年和老龄正常对照组相比,成年和老龄不同酵母多糖组血气和血生化指标均出现不同程度的改变,肺、心、肝、脑、肾等主要脏器出现明显病理改变.在相同酵母多糖浓度下,老龄组呼吸功能、心脏功能和肾脏功能降低较相应成年组重;在复制模型程度相似的情况下,与成年大鼠相比,老龄大鼠有死亡时间延迟的趋势.结论酵母多糖腹腔注射可复制MODSE模型,以0.5 g/kg腹腔注射最为理想,该模型可用于MODSE机制和实验治疗学的探讨.     

Altered neuropeptide Y Y1 responses in mesenteric arteries in rats with congestive heart failure

The aim of the present study was to elucidate if the potentiating effect of neuropeptide Y on various vasoactive agents in vitro is (1) altered in mesenteric arteries from rats with congestive heart failure and (2) mediated by the neuropeptide Y Y₁ receptor. The direct vascular effects of neuropeptide Y and its modulating effects on the contractions induced by endothelin-1-, noradrenaline-, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-, U46619-(9, 11-dideoxy-11, 9-epoxymethano-prostaglandin F₂) and ATP, and acetylcholine-induced dilatations were studied in the presence and absence of the neuropeptide Y Y₁ antagonist, BIBP3226 (BIBP3226{(R)-N2-(diphenylacetyl)-N-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]- -arginine-amide}). Neuropeptide Y, per se, had no vasoactive effect in the arteries. The potency of endothelin-1 was significantly decreased in congestive heart failure rats. Neuropeptide Y and neuropeptide Y-(13–36) potentiated the endothelin-1-induced contraction in congestive heart failure mesenteric arteries. In 20% of the congestive heart failure rats, sarafotoxin 6c induced a contraction of 31±4%. Neuropeptide Y also potentiated U46619- and noradrenaline-induced contractions but not 5-HT-induced contractions in congestive heart failure arteries. In sham-operated animals neuropeptide Y potentiated noradrenaline- and 5-HT-induced contractions. These potentiations were inhibited by BIBP3226. Acetylcholine induced an equipotent relaxation in both groups which was unaffected by neuropeptide Y. In conclusion, neuropeptide Y responses are altered in congestive heart failure rats. The potentiating effect differs between vasoactive substances. Neuropeptide Y Y₁ and non-neuropeptide Y₁ receptors are involved.     

3-7岁麻烦型气质儿童餐桌行为的心理干预

目的：探讨心理干预对3－7岁麻烦型气质儿童的餐桌行为的作用。方法：用CTPS（China Preschool-children Temperament Scale)问卷方式对410名3－7岁儿童的气质类型进行综合评定划分出5个气质类型；对其中50名麻烦型气质儿童的餐桌行为问题进行了3个月的心理干预治疗。并对其餐桌行为做干预前后的偏挑食行为，改善进餐情绪，提高进餐速度有效。结论：心理干预可以纠正儿童的餐桌行为。     

F213I突变型高雪氏病分子伴侣治疗方法的研究

目的 研究高雪氏病新的分子治疗方法。方法 用β-葡萄糖脑昔脂酶(β-glucocerebrosidase，β-Glc)(EC3．2．1．45)的底物类似物(glucocerebroside analogue，GCA)作为分子伴侣，处理体外培养的不同突变型的高雪氏病患者皮肤成纤维细胞，采用荧光酶学手段测定β-Glc活性；Western印迹杂交技术分析该酶蛋白表达的量；细胞双染确定β-Glc在细胞内的定位；薄层层析法分析葡萄糖脑苷脂的降解情况。结果 该酶的底物类似物GCA可以提高体外培养的F213I突变型患者成纤维细胞内β-Glc活性；增加该酶蛋白的表达量；促进该酶蛋白向溶酶体内转运，加速底物葡萄糖脑苷脂(glucocerebroside，GlcCer)的降解。结论低分子量的GCA作为一种分子伴侣可能为F213I突变型高雪氏病的治疗开辟一条新的途径。     

Establishment and characterization of the permanent human cell line C3842 derived from a secondary chondrosarcoma in Ollier’s disease

The permanent human cell line C3842 was established from a secondary chondrosarcoma in a typical case of Olliers disease. In the present study, we analyzed the morphological, cytogenetic and molecular biological characteristics of the cultured cells in comparison with the original tumor and investigated the invasion properties of the tumor model using functional imaging of proteolysis, matrigel assay and chick chorioallantoic membrane assay. C3842 cells exhibit the typical features of malignant cartilage tumor cells in vitro, including the expression of collagen types II, IX, XI and aggrecan. The proteolytic ability of C3842 cells is attributed to the expression of several proteases, such as cathepsin B, urokinase plasminogen activator and matrix-metalloproteinase-2, which enable the cells to degrade collagen type I and to permeate matrigel matrix. In accordance with the biological features in vivo, C3842 cells are not able to invade through the epithelium of the chick chorioallantoic membrane. In conclusion, the cell line C3842 provides the first model of a secondary chondrosarcoma in Olliers disease in vitro, which is characterized by distinct features of such malignant cartilage tumors.