小儿危重病例评分与儿童死亡风险评分对重症手足口病病情评估和病情进展预测的作用

【目的】比较分析小儿危重病例评分（Pediatric Clinical Illness Score ,PCIS）和儿童死亡风险评分（Pediatric Risk of Mortality Score ,PRISM ）对重症手足口病患儿病情进展的预测价值。【方法】选取于2010年1月至2013年6月入住本院重症监护室（ICU ）的符合重症手足口诊断标准的424名患儿。收集小儿PCIS和PRISM评分系统的相关生理参数及结局资料,通过受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）下的面积（AUC）来评估评分系统对并发症和结局的分辨力。【结果】死亡组患儿总住院天数和住IC U天数明显少于存活组患儿,且两者相比较差异有显著性（ P ＜0．05）。死亡组患儿肺水肿和肺出血的发生率明显高于存活组,且两者相比较差异有显著性（ P ＜0．05）。采用PCIS和PRISM评分来评价重症手足口病患儿病情发现,死亡组PCIS评分要明显低于存活组（Z＝－6．48,P ＝0．000）,死亡组PRISM 评分明显高于存活组（Z＝－7．39,P ＝0．000）,而且两评分系统存在相关性。PCIS和PRISM两评分系统分辨是否发生肺水肿、肺出血和死亡的AUC分别是0．74和0．78、0．82和0．87、0．83和0．87。【结论】PCIS、PRISM 均能够反映重症手足口病的危重程度,且相关程度高。两评分系统对重症手足口病发生严重并发症或者死亡的分辨力均到达可接受水平,且PRISM评分系统更优。     

如何控制观察性疗效比较研究中的混杂因素：（一）已测量混杂因素的统计学分析方法

观察性疗效比较研究作为随机对照研究的补充,其应用价值越来越受到关注,混杂偏倚是其重要偏倚来源。本文介绍观察性疗效比较研究中已测量的混杂因素控制的统计分析方法。对于已测量的混杂因素,可采用传统的分层分析、配对分析、协方差分析或多因素分析,也可采用倾向性评分、疾病风险评分等方法进行混杂因素匹配、分层和调整。良好的设计需从源头控制各种混杂,事后统计分析则应在理解各类方法的应用前提下,严格把握适用条件。     

高中生的适应性障碍以及相关对策研究

高中生正处于心理与生理发展与完善的关键时期,在这个过程中最易出现学习、生活以及人际交往方面的不适应,直接导致不同程度的心理问题,甚至发展成适应性障碍。高中学生适应障碍主要表现:学习适应性障碍、生活适应性障碍、人际交往障碍。这些适应性障碍将直接影响高中生的学习、生活甚至身心健康的发展,通过分析高中生适应性障碍成因,提出相关决策变得至关重要。     

Responding to the existentials of non-life-threatening chronic conditions

Diagnosis of a major life-threatening illness can prompt a range of existential responses that typically include strong emotions and a reassessment of priorities. What has not attracted attention are the existential responses to being told about less major but permanent medical conditions. A conceptual frame is developed for identifying and speaking about the existential dynamics of permanent change. It introduces two key concepts, finitude and transcendence, and uses them to explain the common sequence of responses first from being told about a chronic condition through to when its presence has become integrated into everyday life. Based on this analysis, a range of recommendations are provided on what types of conversations are helpful through the various stages of adjustment.     

Beyond Liver and Culture: A Review of Theories and Research in Drinking among Chinese in North America

Low levels of alcohol consumption and drinking problems have been consistently found among the Chinese in North America and in other Chinese societies. Two theories of Chinese drinking have been popular in the literature. First, the physiological explanation attributes the light alcohol use among the Chinese to their high propensity to flush, which protects them from heavy drinking. Second, the cultural explanation suggests that Chinese cultural values emphasizing moderation and self-restraint discourage drinking to the point of drunkenness. A review of existing research shows that both explanations are not supported by adequate empirical research findings and are plagued with conceptual and methodological shortcomings. It is also noted that both theories cannot explain why some Chinese do become heavy or problem drinkers. It is suggested that we should look beyond physiological and cultural factors for a better understanding of contemporary Chinese drinking patterns.     

通过调整脊柱治疗臀上皮神经综合征的临床观察

目的观察通过调整脊柱的方法来治疗臀上皮神经综合征的疗效。方法将65例臀上皮神经综合征患者按就诊顺序随机分为对照组(32例)和治疗组(33例)。对照组患者给予基本手法治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上再给予调整脊柱法。两组均以10次为1个疗程,共2个疗程,治疗结束后比较两组疗效。结果治疗组治愈率为93.94%,对照组为56.25%,治疗组疗效明显高于对照组,且治疗组起效时间明显快于对照组,不易复发。结论通过调整脊柱治疗臀上皮神经综合征疗效明显、安全可行。     

(Post-traumatic) embitterment disorder: Critical evaluation of its stressor criterion and a proposed revised classification

Background: In 2003, the German psychiatrist Michael Linden proposed the new mental disorder concept of “post-traumatic embitterment disorder (PTED)”. PTED is defined as the mental reaction to a critical event that is normal, but not everyday, such as conflict at work. The patient sees this event as unjust and as a violation of basic beliefs. The principal aspect of the reaction pattern is a prolonged feeling of embitterment. Aim: In the present paper, the concept of PTED is systematically evaluated. Moreover, future developments in terms of diagnostic systems of mental disorders (ICD-11, DSM-V) are addressed. Results: The evaluation of critical points concerning PTED revealed that the question of whether PTED is a mental disorder of the post-traumatic type cannot be finally answered. It is not possible to specify an empirical criterion by means of which traumatic and non-traumatic life events can be differentiated. An empirical criterion for determining the traumatic nature of a given event depends on whether this event has already been classified as traumatic (i.e. circular argument). Conclusions: For the purpose of a clear classification of embitterment disorders, the new concept of adjustment disorders of Andreas Maercker and co-workers is introduced. Based on the criteria and their findings, the best and most viable possibility to classify embitterment disorders in accordance with the current adjustment disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder definitions of ICD and DSM is by regarding embitterment disorders as a subtype of adjustment disorders.     

脑梗死患者血清一氧化氮和一氧化氮合酶水平与脑血管反应性的关系

目的探讨脑梗死患者血清中一氧化氮(N0)和一氧化氮合酶(NOS)水平的变化对脑血管反应性(CVR)的影响。方法采用前瞻性病例对照研究,脑梗死组为发病2周内的颈内动脉系统脑梗死患者(193例),对照组为无脑梗死的体检者(103例)。对两组分别使用Griess重氮化反应法和酶标法,进行静脉血NO产物浓度及NOS活性检测;采用经颅多普勒超声结合屏气试验获取屏气指数(BHI)以评价CVR。结果脑梗死组和对照组的BHI分别为1.0±0.4和1.4±0.5,NO产物浓度中位数分别为6.04(3.83～11.49)、6.89(4.64～12.43)μmol/L,NOS活性分别为(3.0±1.5)、(3.2±1.5)U/ml。脑梗死组BHI及NO产物浓度均低于对照组(均P<0.05),BHI与NO产物浓度呈正相关(r=0.39,P=0.000),与NOS活性无相关性(r=0.168,P=0.454)。两组NOS活性差异无统计学意义(P=0.517)。结论脑梗死患者的CVR降低,与NO含量减少有一定相关性,但尚不能确定CVR与NOS活性的关系。NO可能是参与调节CVR的因素之一。     

养老机构老年人心理调适水平及影响因素分析

目的 了解入住养老机构老年人心理调适的现状及影响因素,为促进其健康老龄化提供理论依据。方法 采用整群抽样法,于2019年4月—6月,采用一般资料调查表、养老机构老年人心理调适量表、知觉压力量表、社会支持评定量表和一般自我效能量表,对福州市10所养老机构符合纳入标准的248名老年人进行横断面调查。采用多元线性回归分析心理调适水平的影响因素。结果 养老机构老年人心理调适量表总分为（87.83±15.33）分,条目均分为（3.82±0.67）分。多元线性回归分析显示,社会支持、养老机构生活满意度、知觉压力、是否交友是影响其心理调适水平的主要因素（P<0.05）。结论 养老机构老年人的心理调适水平较低,护理人员可通过加强养老机构老年人的社会支持和压力应对、促进交友等措施,提高老年人的心理调适水平。