Prevalence of Key Forms of Violence Against Adolescents in the Arab Region: A Systematic Review

Purpose

This article presents a systematic review of the prevalence of violence against adolescents in the 22 countries of the Arab League.

Mediating effects of achievement emotions between peer support and learning satisfaction in graduate nursing students

Graduate nursing students experience considerable stress due to their multiple responsibilities, including professional responsibilities, graduate coursework and family commitments. Peer support can help graduate students overcome stress and may heavily influence their learning satisfaction. However, the mechanisms underlying the influence of peer support on learning satisfaction in graduate students remain unclear. Thus, this cross-sectional study examined the relationship between peer support, achievement emotions (learner-specific emotions related to achievement activities) and learning satisfaction, as well as the mediating effects of achievement emotions among 225 graduate nursing students working in the Korean health care system. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing these variables. Pearson correlation was conducted to investigate the relationship between the variables and Baron and Kenny's regression analysis and Sobel test were conducted to examine the mediating effects of achievement emotions. Peer support correlated positively with positive achievement emotions and learning satisfaction and negatively with negative emotions. Positive emotions were positively and negative emotions were negatively, correlated with learning satisfaction. Achievement emotions mediated the relationship between peer support and learning satisfaction. Our findings indicate that peer support plays an important role in improving learning satisfaction, emphasizing the advantages of positive emotions and the disadvantages of negative emotions in graduate nursing students.     

Physical activity and brain structure,brain function,and cognition in children and youth: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials

BackgroundPrevious reviews show a favourable relationship between physical activity (PA) and brain health in children and youth. The purpose of this systematic review was to extend the generalizability of previous findings using only studies that employed randomized controlled designs in a wider age range.MethodsAfter registration in PROSPERO, PRISMA guidelines were followed. Studies must have used a randomized controlled design; manipulated PA once (i.e., acute) or more (i.e., chronic) in apparently healthy children (1 month-17.99 years); and examined cognitive function, brain function, or brain structure as outcomes. Articles were reviewed for inclusion and data extraction were performed in duplicate.ResultsOverall, 84 studies from 83 papers with 12,600 unique participants were included (n_range = 10–1,224, M_range = 0.77–17 years). Studies were mostly rated as low risk of bias. The majority of studies (n = 52) reported at least one favourable cognitive function outcome associated with a PA intervention. Few studies (n = 6) reported an unfavourable outcome. Examining the multiple cognitive function outcomes within each study, PA had mostly no effect (n_acute = 29, n_chronic = 47) or a mix of favourable and no effects (n_acute = 20, n_chronic = 27). For brain function, acute PA was associated with no change (n = 2) whereas chronic PA was associated with a mix of increases, decreases, or no change (n = 3). For brain structure, two overlapping studies found either favourable or no effects of chronic PA.DiscussionPA is unlikely to harm brain health in children and youth and may confer some benefits. More research is needed to examine the relationship between PA and brain structure and function.     

规培期护士情绪智力与成就动机的相关性研究

目的探讨三级医院规范化培训期护士的情绪智力与成就动机的相关性。方法对某市3所三级医院460名护士进行一般资料问卷、情绪智力量表、成就动机量表调查。结果情绪智力与成就动机呈正相关。结论管理者通过培养护士的情绪智力来提高成就动机水平,提高护士不断学习的能力。     

留守初中生成就目标定向与社会支持的关系

目的:探讨留守初中生的成就目标定向与社会支持的关系。方法:采用社会支持问卷和成就目标问卷对贵州省某市267名留守初中生进行调查。结果:(1)留守初中生的社会支持在性别上存在显著差异,女生的社会支持显著高于男生(t=-5.379,P0.001);(2)掌握趋近(t=-4.213,P0.01)、掌握回避(t=-3.173,P0.01)及成绩回避(t=2.562,P0.05)存在显著的性别差异。在年级上,掌握趋近(F=9.926,P0.001)存在差异,初一高于初二、初三;(3)成就目标与社会支持存在显著正相关(r=0.516,P0.01),且掌握趋近和成绩趋近对社会支持及各维度有显著的正向预测作用。结论:成就目标定向会影响留守初中生社会支持的获得情况,社会支持的获得受掌握趋近和成绩趋近目标的影响最大。     

试用权重标准构成计算法结合TOPSIS法评价医院绩效

目的客观评价医疗工作质量与效益。方法应用权重标准构成计算法结合TOPSIS法对某院2004年-2008年医疗工作质量进行综合评价。结果 5年来医院工作质量和效益整体呈上升趋势,与医院的实际发展情况相吻合,综合评价最好的是2008年、2004年最差。结论应用权重标准构成计算法结合TOPSIS法进行综合评价简便易行,表达直观。     

医学生自我设限与自我效能感、成就目标定向的关系研究

目的了解医学生自我设限特点及与自我效能感、成就目标定向的关系,为改善医学生的心理状况提供依据。方法采用自我设限问卷、一般自我效能感量表和成就目标定向量表对高职高专、本科和研究生的701名医学生进行问卷调查。结果①研究生自我设限倾向低于高职高专和本科生,城市学生的自我设限倾向明显高于农村和城镇,年级间医学本科生自我设限存在显著差异。（P〈0.05）②成绩目标、掌握目标与医学生自我设限呈显著正相关（P〈0.05）;自我效能感与医学生自我设限呈显著负相关（P〈0.05）。③自我效能感、掌握目标定向对医学生自我设限具有显著预测作用（R^2=0.047）。结论人口学变量、自我效能感、成就目标定向与医学生自我设限存在一定关联     

学业不良和优良大学生成就动机与解释风格的比较研究

目的探讨不同学业成绩大学生成就动机和解释风格的特点。方法采用成就动机量表和解释风格量表对165名学业不良大学生和148名学业优良大学生进行问卷调查。结果学业不良大学生追求成功的动机和对积极情境的解释的得分低于学业优良大学生,而避免失败的动机和对不利事件的希望的得分高于学业优良大学生,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。学业不良男生对积极情境的解释的得分高于女生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论学业不良和学业优良大学生的成就动机与解释风格存在差异。