集束化干预联合闭环管理对ICU多重耐药菌感染的防控效果

目的 探讨集束化干预策略联合闭环管理模式对ICU多重耐药菌感染的防控效果。方法选取2020年1~12月EICU住院患者275例作为对照组，实施常规管理；2021年1~10月EICU住院患者239例作为观察组，在常规管理基础上实施集束化干预策略联合闭环管理。结果实施后，观察组多重耐药菌感染发生率明显低于对照组；患者住院日显著低于对照组，4项护理措施执行率(隔离标识、手卫生、环境消毒、医务人员相关知识知晓)、病原学送检率显著高于对照组（均P<0.05）。结论集束化干预联合信息化闭环管理可有效降低EICU多重耐药菌感染发生率。     

Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion,A Misnomer?: Where Do We Go From Here?

The importance of the left atrial appendage (LAA) as the source of thromboembolism including stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation is well documented, with more than 90% of ischemic strokes related to a LAA thrombus. Although oral anticoagulation has been the standard of care, approximately 50% to 60% of patients either have contraindications to oral anticoagulation or do not continue the medication beyond the first year. This led to the development of local site-specific therapy to occlude the LAA by either surgical or transcatheter means. Despite marked advancements, incomplete LAA closure with surgical and transcatheter approaches remains frequent. The etiology of incomplete LAA closure and its clinical implications remain unclear. Multiple strategies are in development including changes in deployment techniques, a new device design, and alternative approaches to leak closure.     

Prosthetic choice in mitral valve replacement for severe chronic ischemic mitral regurgitation: Long-term follow-up

BackgroundProsthetic choice for mitral valve replacement is generally driven by patient age and patient and surgeon preference, and current guidelines do not discriminate between different etiologies of mitral valve disease. Our objective was to assess and compare short- and long-term outcomes after mitral valve replacement among patients with biological or mechanical prostheses in the setting of severe ischemic mitral regurgitation.MethodsBetween 2000 and 2016, 424 patients underwent mitral valve replacement for severe ischemic mitral regurgitation at our institution, using biological prosthesis in 188 (44%) and mechanical prosthesis in 236 (56%). A 1:1 propensity score match (n = 126 per group) and inverse probability of treatment weighting were used to compare groups. Short-term outcomes included in-hospital mortality and other cardiovascular adverse events. Long-term outcomes included survival and hospital readmission for cardiovascular causes, stroke, and major bleeding.ResultsIn-hospital mortality and early postoperative adverse events were similar between groups in the propensity score match and inverse probability of treatment weighting cohorts. Overall long-term survival was similar at 5 and 9 years, but mechanical prosthesis recipients were more frequently readmitted to hospital for cardiovascular causes, including stroke and non-neurological bleeding in propensity score matching and inverse probability of treatment weighting analyses (all P values < .004). Type of prosthesis did not independently influence all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% confidence interval, 0.71-1.43; P = .959), but placement of a mechanical prosthesis was associated with increased risk of readmission for cardiovascular events (hazard ratio, 1.65; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-2.32; P = .004) among matched patients.ConclusionsThe type of prosthesis has no influence on long-term survival among patients with severe ischemic mitral regurgitation undergoing mitral valve replacement. There may be an increased risk of neurologic events and serious bleeding associated with mechanical prostheses.     

Effectiveness of typhoid conjugate vaccine against culture-confirmed typhoid in a peri-urban setting in Karachi: A case-control study

BackgroundEnteric fever, caused by Salmonella Typhi and S. Paratyphi, is a cause of high morbidity and mortality among children in South Asia. Rising antimicrobial resistance presents an additional challenge. Typhoid Conjugate Vaccines (TCV) are recommended by the World Health Organization for use among people 6 months to 45 years old living in endemic settings. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of TCV against culture-confirmed S. Typhi in Lyari Town, Karachi, Pakistan. This peri-urban town was one of the worst affected by the outbreak of extensively drug resistant (XDR) typhoid that started in November 2016.MethodsA matched case-control study was conducted following a mass immunization campaign with TCV at three key hospitals in Lyari Town Karachi, Pakistan. Children aged 6 months to 15 years presenting with culture-confirmed S. Typhi were enrolled as cases. For each case, at least 1 age-matched hospital control and two age-matched community controls were enrolled. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using conditional logistic regression.ResultsOf 82 typhoid fever patients enrolled from August 2019 through December 2019, 8 (9·8%) had received vaccine for typhoid. Of the 164 community controls and 82 hospital controls enrolled, 38 (23·2%) community controls and 27 (32·9%) hospital controls were vaccinated for typhoid. The age and sex-adjusted vaccine effectiveness was found to be 72% (95% CI: 34% − 88%). The consumption of meals prepared outside home more than once per month (adjusted odds ratio: 3·72, 95% CI: 1·55- 8·94; p-value: 0·003) was associated with the development of culture-confirmed typhoid.ConclusionA single dose of TCV is effective against culture confirmed typhoid among children aged 6 months to 15 years old in an XDR typhoid outbreak setting of a peri-urban community in Karachi, Pakistan.     

雄激素受体调控基因组表达与去势抵抗性前列腺癌关系探索

目的探索雄激素受体调控基因与前列腺癌发生去势抵抗的关系。方法选取80例经病理检查和临床资料证实并采用内分泌治疗的前列腺癌患者,随访获取发生去势抵抗时间,定量即时聚合酶链锁反应(qRT-PCR)检测确诊时穿刺标本的六个雄激素受体调控基因KLK3(PSA),PMEPA1,NKX3.1,ODC1,AMD1和ERG表达并分析两者之间的关系。结果将六个雄激素受体调控基因相对表达量进行Z分数标准化处理,将所有病例按去势抵抗时间由短向长排列,分析六个基因Z分数及累积强度(CI),发现六个基因的表达情况与患者去势抵抗时间无明显相关性。结论初诊前列腺癌时患者雄激素受体功能与前列腺癌去势抵抗性无直接关系。     

内囊预警综合征的临床特征和预后

目的 分析内囊预警综合征（capsular warning syndrome，CWS）的临床特点、影像学特征及治疗预后，
以提高对此病的认识。
方法 回顾性分析战略支援部队特色医学中心神经内科2013年1月-2018年12月收住院治疗的CWS的
临床资料、影像学特征及治疗预后情况。
结果 共12例患者，男性8例（66.67%），中位年龄为60岁。高脂血症9例（75.0%），高血压8例
（66.67%），糖尿病4例（33.33%），肿瘤病史3例（25.0%）。纯运动性卒中4例（33.33%），运动伴有构
音障碍者4例（33.33%），运动及感觉性障碍3例（25.00%），纯感觉障碍1例（8.33%）。影像学示豆纹
动脉供血区新发脑梗死6例（50%）。所有患者给予口服双联抗血小板治疗，其中3例症状复发患者又
给予静脉溶栓和静脉抗血小板治疗。3个月随访，所有患者均未再出现症状发作，10例mRS评分为0
分，2例mRS评分分别为4分及3分。
结论 CWS主要表现为运动障碍，发作刻板，常见原因为动脉粥样硬化性。在本组病例中发现双重
抗血小板治疗有效，静脉溶栓效果不肯定。     

The relationship between workplace violence,job satisfaction and turnover intention in emergency nurses

BackgroundEmergency department personnel are exposed to high risk of workplace violence (WPV) and nurses are the main victims. Few researchers have investigated the effects of WPV on job satisfaction and turnover intention among nurses.AimsTo describe WPV, job satisfaction and turnover intention of emergency nurses and clarify the relationship between them.MethodsA cross-sectional study was used to collect data on WPV, job satisfaction and turnover intention among 385 nurses working in emergency department in 13 general hospitals in Beijing. Structural equation modeling was used to test the relationship between them.ResultsAmong them, 89.9% had experienced WPV in the previous year. WPV had short-term and long-term impacts on over 80% of them. The score of job satisfaction and turnover intention was 2.48 ± 0.49, 2.75 ± 0.58 respectively. WPV had significant direct effect on turnover intention (β = 0.105) and job satisfaction (β = −0.161). Job satisfaction had a significant negative effect on turnover intention (β = −0.604) and it mediated the relationship between WPV and turnover intention.ConclusionEmergency nurses in China are at great risk of WPV. Their job satisfaction is low and turnover intention is high. Job satisfaction plays the mediator role between WPV and turnover intention among emergency nurses.