血液肿瘤患者化疗后肛周感染危险因素病例对照研究

目的 探讨血液肿瘤患者接受化疗后发生肛周感染的危险因素。方法 采用回顾性病例对照研究的方法,对四川省某三级甲等医院血液内科2020年12月—2021年5月收治的进行化疗的348例血液肿瘤住院患者相关资料（人口学特征、疾病特征、医疗及护理病例记录、实验室检查结果）予以回顾性分析,根据出院诊断发生肛周感染的病例作为病例组,其余病例作为对照组,统计血液肿瘤患者接受化疗后肛周感染的发生率,采用单因素分析和二元Logistic回归分析肛周感染的危险因素。结果 348例血液肿瘤化疗患者,发生肛周感染35例,感染率为10.1%;Logistic回归分析显示,年龄<60岁（OR=8.776,P=0.039）、痔疮史（OR=7.733,P<0.001）、肛周感染史（OR=14.981,P<0.001）、腹泻（OR=3.893,P=0.019）及白细胞计数<1×10⁹/L（OR=6.851,P=0.002）是血液肿瘤患者接受化疗后发生肛周感染的独立危险因素。结论 血液肿瘤患者接受化疗后肛周感染的发生率较高,年龄<60岁、痔疮史、肛周感染史、腹泻、白细胞计数<1×10⁹/L导致血液肿瘤化疗患者肛周感染率增加,在护理化疗期的血液肿瘤患者过程中,应该结合肛周感染的危险因素,采取针对性干预措施,降低肛周感染发生率。     

中西医结合治疗卵巢储备功能减退患者成功妊娠二例并文献复习

卵巢储备功能减退（diminished ovarian reserve，DOR）是卵巢因素所致不孕症的主要原因之一，西医临床治疗方法主要依赖于口服提高卵巢储备功能的药物、人工激素周期替代疗法和辅助生殖技术助孕，中医运用补肾健脾法治疗DOR具有不良反应少、疗效持久、治疗手段多样化等优势。报告2例在常规西医治疗基础上应用中医补肾健脾法综合治疗DOR患者成功妊娠的情况，强调个体化中西医结合治疗方案对于解决疑难病证的重要性，为临床应用中医药治疗DOR患者提供证据。     

血清Hcy、IGFBP-1联合预测多囊卵巢综合征患者孕早期自然流产的价值

目的探讨血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-1(IGFBP-1)联合检测对多囊卵巢综合征患者孕早期自然流产的预测价值。方法选取2018年3月—2020年5月行促排卵治疗并成功临床妊娠的多囊卵巢综合征165例,检测血清Hcy、IGFBP-1水平。根据孕早期自然流产发生情况分为孕早期自然流产组与未自然流产组,比较两组妊娠前一次促排卵后血清Hcy、IGFBP-1水平;多囊卵巢综合征患者孕早期自然流产的危险因素采用多因素Logistic回归分析,并采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清Hcy、IGFBP-1水平单项及联合检测对多囊卵巢综合征患者孕早期自然流产的预测价值。结果患者妊娠前一次促排卵后血清Hcy水平低于入院时,血清IGFBP-1水平高于入院时(P<0.01);自然流产组妊娠前一次促排卵后血清Hcy水平高于未自然流产组,血清IGFBP-1水平低于未自然流产组(P<0.01)。孕早期自然流产的发生率为28.48%。年龄≥35岁、多囊卵巢综合征分型、空腹胰岛素水平偏高、空腹血糖水平偏高、血清睾酮水平偏高、血清叶酸水平偏低、妊娠前一次促排卵后血清Hcy水平偏高及血清IGFBP-1水平偏低均是多囊卵巢综合征患者孕早期自然流产的危险因素(P<0.01)。妊娠前一次促排卵后血清Hcy水平联合血清IGFBP-1水平预测多囊卵巢综合征患者孕早期自然流产的敏感度、ROC曲线下面积均高于单独预测(P<0.01)。结论多囊卵巢综合征孕早期自然流产患者血清Hcy水平偏高,IGFBP-1水平偏低,二者均与多囊卵巢综合征患者孕早期自然流产密切相关,并对多囊卵巢综合征患者孕早期自然流产的发生具有较好的预测价值,联合检测时的预测效能更高。     

Interactions between human microbiome,liver diseases,and immunosuppression after liver transplant

In liver transplant patients, solid tumors and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders have emerged as significant long-term mortality causes. In addition, it is assumed that de novo malignancy after liver transplantation (LT) is the second-leading cause of death after cardiovascular complications. Well-established risk factors for post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders and solid tumors are calcineurin inhibitors, tacrolimus, and cyclosporine, the cornerstones of all immunosuppressive therapies used after LT. The loss of immunocompetence facilitated by the host immune system due to prolonged immunosuppressive therapy leads to cancer development, including LT patients. Furthermore, various mechanisms such as bacterial dysbiosis, activation through microbe-associated molecular patterns, leaky gut, and bacterial metabolites can drive cancer-promoting liver inflammation, fibrosis, and genotoxicity. Therefore, changes in human microbiota composition may contribute further to de novo carcinogenesis associated with the severe immunosuppression after LT.     

The potential role of assisted oocyte activation in the management of a POSEIDON group 3 patient with fertilization failure: A case report and literature review

ObjectiveAssisted oocyte activation combined with ICSI (ICSI-AOA) has been reported to improve fertilization outcomes of couples with oocyte activation deficiency (OAD). Although there's no sufficient evidence to support ICSI-AOA as routine use, it might be beneficial for POSEIDON group 3 patients with suspected oocyte-related OAD.Case reportA 29-year-old female presented with a history of primary infertility for two years. She was classified as a POSEIDON group 3 patient and had a total fertilization failure history. With the help of ICSI-AOA, six oocytes were successfully fertilized. Pregnancy was later confirmed after embryo transfer. A living infant was born after 34 weeks of pregnancy.ConclusionOAD should be taken into consideration for POSEIDON group 3 patients since low Antimüllerian hormone is associated decreased quality. Further research needs to be done to understand the mechanism underlying oocyte-related OAD and the potential role of ICSI-AOA in young patients with suboptimal ovarian response.     

CCNE1基因在卵巢高级别浆液性癌中的研究进展

细胞周期蛋白E1（Cyclin E1,CCNE1）基因扩增是卵巢高级别浆液性癌（high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma,HGSOC）最常见的拷贝数变异之一,扩增率为20%左右。CCNE1基因扩增不仅参与HGSOC的早期癌前病变,促进恶性肿瘤的发生、发展,还可引起细胞周期紊乱和染色体不稳定,从而增加HGSOC的铂类耐药性和复发率,最终导致患者的化疗效果不佳和预后较差。为改善CCNE1扩增的HGSOC患者的预后和生活质量,在暂时没有CCNE1扩增的HGSOC的靶向治疗药物的情况下,使用细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶2（cyclin-dependent kinases 2,CDK2）小分子抑制剂或者多腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶[poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase,PARP]抑制剂与其他药物联合治疗,一定程度上能有效地抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖活性,促进肿瘤细胞死亡。因此,从CCNE1扩增对HGSOC的早期发病机制的影响和产生铂类耐药的角度上来说,CCNE1基因有望成为HGSOC的潜在治疗靶标和预后评价生物学指标,在改善患者的治疗和预后方面具有重要意义。     

Feasibility of a truncated surveillance schedule for patients following curative intent treatment for carcinoma of the oral cavity

The purpose of this study was to determine whether a regular follow-up schedule with examination by clinicians results in a better detection rate of disease recurrence and eventual better clinical outcomes when compared to patients who present with symptoms to the clinic and are subsequently detected to have a recurrence of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Retrospective data from 642 patients who underwent treatment for oral squamous cell carcinoma at a tertiary level cancer centre were analysed. Of the 642 patients, 197 had recurrences of which 108 were detected on regular follow-up and 87 were detected in patients presenting out of schedule with symptoms; two patients were detected to have recurrence at another centre, but their mode of detection could not be ascertained. There was no difference in the loco-regional recurrence-free survival or disease-free survival between the two groups. A strict follow-up schedule in the first year followed by a more flexible symptom-based schedule in the subsequent years, with supplementation of imaging if clinically indicated, should be an adequate surveillance plan for oral cancer patients.