Survival in node-positive early oral squamous cell carcinoma: sentinel node biopsy versus elective neck dissection

Patients undergoing sentinel node biopsy (SLNB) for early oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) who harbour occult metastases (pN+ve) may be at greater risk of mortality due to prolonged overall treatment times than those identified as pN+ve on elective neck dissection (ELND). A retrospective comparative survival analysis was therefore undertaken to test this hypothesis. Patients were identified from the South Glasgow multidisciplinary team (MDT) database. Group 1 comprised 38 patients identified as pN+ve, or who were false negative, on sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). Group 2 comprised 146 patients staged pN+ve on ELND. The groups were compared with the Kaplan Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model. In addition, a matched-pair analysis was performed. A unique and specifically designed algorithm was deployed to optimise the pairings. No difference in disease-specific or overall survival was found between the groups. Patients undergoing SLNB as the initial neck staging modality in early OSCC and are identified as pN+ve do not appear to be at a survival disadvantage compared with those staged with ELND.     

低氧刺激鼻息肉黏膜上皮细胞炎性因子变化的初探

目的研究低氧刺激慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉(CRSwNP)与正常鼻黏膜上皮细胞炎性因子的变化与异同,探讨其在CRSwNP发病机制中的作用。方法选择2015年6月至2018年1月在吉林大学中日联谊医院就诊的68例CRSwNP患者,其中男性36例,女性32例,年龄(45.2±12.5)岁(xˉ±s,下同),患者的鼻息肉黏膜纳入慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉组(CRS-NP组),下鼻甲黏膜纳入慢性鼻窦炎下鼻甲组(CRS-IT组),并根据组织病理学结果进一步分成嗜酸粒细胞浸润及非浸润两种类型,即嗜酸粒细胞浸润性鼻息肉组(Eos-NP组,n=34)、非嗜酸粒细胞浸润性鼻息肉组(Non-Eos-NP组,n=34)、嗜酸粒细胞浸润性鼻息肉患者的下鼻甲组(Eos-IT组,n=20)和非嗜酸粒细胞浸润性鼻息肉患者的下鼻甲组(Non-Eos-IT组,n=20);同期25例鼻窦囊肿或鼻中隔偏曲患者的下鼻甲黏膜作为对照组(n=25),其中男性14例,女性11例,年龄(42.8±10.2)岁。免疫组织化学染色分析各组黏膜上皮组织中白细胞介素(IL)17A、干扰素γ(IFN-γ)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)与乏氧诱导因子(hypoxia-inducible factor 1α,HIF-1α)的表达情况。酶联免疫吸附试验检测低氧刺激0、24和48 h后各组原代鼻黏膜上皮细胞分泌IL-17A、IFN-γ和TNF-α的差异;免疫荧光、固态光源高内涵与免疫印记实验检测原代鼻黏膜上皮细胞HIF-1α的表达情况。应用SPSS 17.0软件对数据进行统计学分析,采用双向方差分析作为主要统计学方法。结果免疫组织化学染色结果显示,IL-17A和TNF-α在对照组中表达最高(光密度值分别为0.37±0.03、0.53±0.02),IFN-γ和HIF-1α在Eos-IT组中表达最高(光密度值分别为0.47±0.03、0.39±0.02)。未接受低氧刺激时,IL-17A与TNF-α在对照组中水平较低;低氧刺激48 h后,对照组的IL-17A与TNF-α分泌量明显高于其他各组。未接受低氧刺激时,Eos-NP组分泌的IFN-γ明显高于对照组[(13.7±1.3)pg/ml比(11.1±1.6)pg/ml,P<0.05];低氧刺激48 h后,IFN-γ在对照组和Eos-NP组中的分泌量没有显著区别。对照组与CRS-IT组表达的HIF-1α随低氧时间延长而增加,Eos-NP组与Non-Eos-NP组表达的HIF-1α随低氧时间延长而减少。对照组与CRS-IT组HIF-1α主要表达于鼻黏膜上皮细胞的细胞质内,CRS-NP组HIF-1α主要表达于鼻黏膜上皮细胞的细胞核内。结论低氧刺激下,CRSwNP患者的鼻息肉、下鼻甲与正常鼻黏膜上皮细胞中IL-17A、TNF-α、IFN-γ的分泌以及HIF-1α的表达水平存在差异,且呈现不同的亚细胞定位,提示其可能参与了CRSwNP发病相关基因的转录与调控。     

女性生育力评估

随着人口老龄化和生育力的下降,我国放开了三孩政策,对有生育要求的夫妇进行生育力评估显得非常必要。女性生育力与年龄关系密切,还依赖于卵巢、输卵管、子宫等生殖器官。本文就影响女性生育力的因素进行介绍。     

慢性泪囊炎患者应用鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊造口术的临床效果及对安全性的影响

目的探讨慢性泪囊炎患者应用鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊造口术的临床效果及安全性。方法选取2018年1月至2019年12月因慢性泪囊炎于本院接受治疗的46例患者为研究对象,随机分为研究组与对照组,各23例。对照组接受泪囊鼻腔造口治疗,研究组取鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊造口术治疗,比较两组临床效果、手术指标以及并发症发生情况。结果研究组治疗总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05);研究组术中出血量少于对照组,手术及住院时间均短于对照组(P<0.05);研究组并发症总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论慢性泪囊炎患者采用鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊造口术治疗效果显著,并发症较少,安全性较高,值得临床推广应用。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

体位对超声评估前盆腔相关参数影响的病例交叉研究

摘 要 目的 探讨传统膀胱截石位与改良膀胱截石位对超声评估前盆腔相关参数的影响。方法 应用交叉设计二阶段法，将100例行盆底超声检查的患者随机分为两组（每组各50例），A组采用先传统体位后改良体位规范盆底超声，B组采用先改良体位后传统体位规范盆底超声检查，对比分析两种体位检查的成功率、静息状态、最大Valsalva动作时各盆腔参数的差异。结果 改良体位获得最大Valsalva动作的成功率大于传统体位（96% vs 90%），差异有统计学意义（χ2=4.348，P=0.037）。两种体位在静息状态时膀胱颈到参考线的距离、膀胱后角、尿道倾斜角比较差异均无统计学意义；改良体位在最大Valsalva动作时的膀胱后角、膀胱颈移动度、尿道旋转角均大于传统体位，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05），且上述参数受实验顺序影响不明显，改良体位下尿道漏斗形成率大于传统体位，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 体位因素对评估前盆腔相关参数具有影响，改良体位法获得的前盆腔相关参数与传统体位有一定差异，在临床应用中应注意合理解析。     

Primary and recurrent regional metastases for lateralized oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma

ObjectivesMap regional lymph node metastases for lateralized oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) and evaluate factors associated with regional metastases and recurrence.Materials and methodsRetrospective cohort study of 715 patients with lateralized OCSCC surgically treated in 1997–2011. Analysis was performed using log-rank, Kaplan-Meier, and multivariable logistic and Cox regression.ResultsRegional metastases were identified in ipsilateral levels IIA (24%), IB (18%), III (13%), V (9%), IV (7%), IA (2%) and IIB (1%) and the contralateral neck (3%). Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) (Hazard Ratio [HR] 2.2, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.2–3.9) and T category (T3 vs. T1: HR 4.1, 95% CI 1.9–9.3; T4 vs. T1: HR 2.3, 95% CI 1.2–4.3) were associated with regional metastases. Most (71%) isolated regional metastatic recurrences were in undissected levels of the neck, including 58% in levels IV and V. Tumors of the hard palate (HR 4.3, 95% CI 1.2–16.1), upper alveolus (HR 3.2, 95% CI 1.0–4.7) or with LVI (HR 2.0, 95% CI 1.0–3.9) were associated with isolated regional recurrence. For upper alveolar/hard palate tumors, depth of invasion (DOI) ≥4 mm (P = .003) and LVI (P = .04) were associated with regional metastases.ConclusionsFor lateralized OCSCC, elective neck dissection of level IIB or the contralateral neck may rarely be needed, but additional surgical or radiation treatment of levels IV and V may be considered based on patient risk factors, including T category 3–4 or LVI. For upper alveolar/hard palate tumors, DOI ≥4 mm is an appropriate threshold for elective neck dissection.     

经鼻导管高流量吸氧与经鼻气道正压通气在重症毛细支气管炎呼吸支持中的应用价值比较

目的：比较经鼻导管高流量吸氧（HFNC）与经鼻气道正压通气（nCPAP）在重症毛细支气管炎呼吸支持中的应用价值，为临床治疗方案的选择提供参考。方法：选取2016年12月至2018年12月我院儿科收治的重症毛细支气管炎患儿90例，采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各45例。两组患儿入院后均给予常规综合治疗以保证呼吸道通畅，在此基础上观察组采用HFNC治疗，对照组采用nCPAP治疗，比较两组患儿治疗前和治疗24 h后呼吸频率、经皮血氧饱和度（TcSO2）、呼吸窘迫评分体系（CSS）评分、动脉血氧分压（PaO2）等呼吸相关指标及治疗前后临床症状体征改善情况。结果：两组患儿治疗24 h后呼吸频率、CSS评分均降低，且观察组降低程度更大，TcSO2、PaO2于治疗24 h后升高，观察组升高幅度较对照组明显；治疗后两组患儿咳嗽及肺部湿啰音、肺部炎症情况均改善，观察组症状体征消失时间早于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：重症毛细支气管炎患儿采用HFNC治疗可明显改善通气功能和临床症状，治疗效果优于nCPAP治疗，可扩大样本量进一步观察。