Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of lycopene against 5-fluorouracil-induced cytotoxicity in Caco2 cells

5-fluorouracil (5FU) is widely used to treat colorectal cancer (CC) and its main mechanisms of anticancer action are through generation of ROS which often result in inflammation. Here, we test the effect of Lycopene against 5FU in Caco2 cell line. Caco2 cells were exposed to 3 µg/ml of 5FU alone or with 60, 90, 120 µg/ml of lycopene. This was followed by assessment of cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and gene expression of inflammatory genes. Our findings showed that Lycopene and 5FU co-exposure induced dose-dependent cytotoxic effect without compromising the membrane integrity based on the LDH assay. Lycopene also significantly enhanced 5FU-induced SOD activity and GSH level compared to control for all mixture concentrations (p < 0.01). Lycopene alone and combination with 5FU-induced expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6. Furthermore, IFN-γ expression was significantly enhanced by only mixture of lycopene (90 µg/ml) and 5FU (p < 0.05). In conclusion, Lycopene supplementation with 5FU therapy resulted in improvement in antioxidant parameters such as catalase and GSH levels giving the cell capacity to cope with 5FU-mediated oxidative stress. Lycopene also enhanced IFN-γ expression in the presence of 5FU, which may activate antitumor effects further enhancing the cancer killing effect of 5FU.     

Dietary Factors and Prostate Cancer Development,Progression, and Reduction

Due to the constantly increasing number of cases, prostate cancer has become one of the most important health problems of modern societies. This review presents the current knowledge regarding the role of nutrients and foodstuff consumption in the etiology and development of prostate malignancies, including the potential mechanisms of action. The results of several in vivo and in vitro laboratory experiments as well as those reported by the clinical and epidemiological research studies carried out around the world were analyzed. The outcomes of these studies clearly show the influence of both nutrients and food products on the etiology and prevention of prostate cancer. Consumption of certain nutrients (saturated and trans fatty acids) and food products (e.g., processed meat products) leads to the disruption of prostate hormonal regulation, induction of oxidative stress and inflammation, and alteration of growth factor signaling and lipid metabolism, which all contribute to prostate carcinogenesis. On the other hand, a high consumption of vegetables, fruits, fish, and whole grain products exerts protective and/or therapeutic effects. Special bioactive functions are assigned to compounds such as flavonoids, stilbenes, and lycopene. Since the influence of nutrients and dietary pattern is a modifiable risk factor in the development and prevention of prostate cancer, awareness of the beneficial and harmful effects of individual food ingredients is of great importance in the global strategy against prostate cancer.     

Nutritional Controlled Preparation and Administration of Different Tomato Purées Indicate Increase of β-Carotene and Lycopene Isoforms,and of Antioxidant Potential in Human Blood Bioavailability: A Pilot Study

The isoforms of lycopene, carotenoids, and their derivatives including precursors of vitamin A are compounds relevant for preventing chronic degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Tomatoes are a major source of these compounds. However, cooking and successive metabolic processes determine the bioavailability of tomatoes in human nutrition. To evaluate the effect of acute/chronic cooking procedures on the bioavailability of lycopene and carotene isoforms in human plasma, we measured the blood levels of these compounds and of the serum antioxidant potential in volunteers after a meal containing two different types of tomato sauce (rustic or strained). Using a randomized cross-over administration design, healthy volunteers were studied, and the above indicated compounds were determined by HPLC. The results indicate an increased bioavailability of the estimated compounds and of the serum antioxidant potential with both types of tomato purée and the subsequently derived sauces (the increase was greater with strained purée). This study sheds light on the content of nutrient precursors of vitamin A and other antioxidant compounds derived from tomatoes cooked with different strategies. Lastly, our study indicates that strained purée should be preferred over rustic purée.     

番茄红素对人胃癌细胞生长的抑制作用

目的通过体外试验研究番茄红素对人胃癌(SGC)-7901细胞生长的作用。方法将番茄红素作用于人胃癌SGC-7901细胞,四甲基偶氮噻唑蓝(MTT)法测定半数抑制浓度(IC50),细胞计数法和集落形成试验检测细胞生长抑制率,3H胸腺嘧啶核苷(3H-TdR)掺入试验测定对细胞DNA合成的影响,倒置显微镜下观察人SGC-7901的形态变化。结果番茄红素作用于人SGC-7901细胞后,细胞生长明显受到抑制,24,48,72,96,120,148和172 h的IC50分别为1.0×10-4,9.2×10-5,2.6×10-5,4.8×10-5,3.5×10-5,4.3×10-5和3.1×10-5mol/L。0.3×10-4,0.5×10-4,10-4mol/L的番茄红素对人SGC-7901 7 d的抑制率分别为64.75%,79.02%,87.13%,SGC-7901的集落形成率分别为(30.2±1.9)%,(22.0±2.1)%,(16.9±2.0)%。番茄红素作用于人SGC-7901 48 h的3H-TdR掺入量分别为(3757.06±114.27),(3148.24±190.23),(2408.32±155.83)cpm,显著低于阴性对照组的(5470.25±217.16)cpm(P<0.01)。不同剂量的番茄红素处理后的细胞变圆,变小,脱落,排列稀疏,部分细胞内出现大小不等的空泡。结论番茄红素在体外能明显抑制人SGC-7901细胞增殖,且存在剂量-效应关系。     

番茄红素对小鼠抗疲劳和抗氧化作用

目的 研究番茄红素的抗疲劳及抗氧化作用。方法 小鼠经口给予番茄红素30天后，采用负重游泳实验观察小鼠游泳死亡时间；检测血清尿素氮、肝糖原；测定血清和肝匀浆超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—Px）活力、丙二醛（MDA）含量。结果 给予番茄红素后，小鼠负重游泳时间明显延长，肝糖原消耗量减少，降低运动后血清尿素氮水平；升高小鼠血清和肝匀浆SOD活性及血清GSH—Px活力，降低小鼠血清和肝匀浆MDA的含量。结论 番茄红素具有抗疲劳和抗氧化作用。     

食品级番茄红素对小鼠的免疫调节功能

目的研究番茄红素对免疫系统的调节作用。方法实验小鼠随机分成3组：对照组、低剂量组（10mg／kg）、高剂量组（20mg／kg）。低剂量组、高剂量组分别用色拉油稀释的番茄红素灌胃，对照组用色拉油灌胃。30天后检测小鼠的脾淋巴细胞增殖程度、NK细胞的杀伤活性、迟发性变态反应的程度、巨噬细胞吞噬功能。结果与对照组比较，高剂量组能显著增强脾淋巴细胞的增殖能力，提高自然杀伤细胞的活性和巨噬细胞吞噬功能，增强小鼠的足跖肿胀度（P〈0．05）。除增殖反应外，低剂量组其他指标与对照组比较，差异均无显著性。结论番茄红素具有增强小鼠免疫调节的功能。     

番茄红素预防大鼠高血糖及其作用机制

目的:研究番茄红素(lycopene,LP)对大鼠高血糖的预防作用并探讨相关机制。方法:40只SD大鼠随机分为5组,其中3个剂量组分别以番茄红素5、20和50mg/(kgbwd)灌胃,四氧嘧啶模型组和正常对照组以等量色拉油灌胃,连续15d后,模型组和各剂量组大鼠腹腔注射四氧嘧啶(ALx)150mg/kgbw。注射后D4、D14进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验,称体重。D14同时测定糖化血清蛋白(GSB)、血清胰岛素(FISN)、血清游离脂肪酸(NFFA)、肝组织SOD,GSH-Px及MDA等。结果:LP中剂量组大鼠餐后2h血糖、GSP含量显著低于模型组(P<0.01),体重高于模型组(P<0.01);LP各剂量组大鼠肝组织SOD、GSH-Px含量均明显高于模型组,MDA含量低于模型组(P<0.01)。但LP各剂量组FINS和NEFA浓度与模型组比均无显著性差异。结论:预防性给予LP可缓解ALx所致的高血糖,并缓解高血糖大鼠体重下降程度。其机制可能与番茄红素增强机体的抗氧化能力,抑制脂质过氧化等效应有关。     

番茄红素对胃癌细胞SGC-7901生长的抑制作用

目的研究番茄红素体外对胃癌细胞SGC7901生长的抑制作用。方法将番茄红素作用于胃癌细胞SGC7901,四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法测定细胞生长抑制率,3H胸腺嘧啶核苷(3HTdR)参入试验测定对细胞DNA合成的影响,TRAPPCRELISA法检测端粒酶活性,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期及凋亡。结果番茄红素作用后胃癌细胞生长明显受抑制,24、48、72和96h的IC50分别为22×10-4、15×10-4、67×10-6和40×10-6mmolL-1。10-5mmolL-1的番茄红素作用胃癌细胞24、48、72、96h后,3HTdR掺入量分别为(442512±13409)cpm、(365647±15391)cpm、(275365±12833)cpm、(161482±9456)cpm,低于对照组的(624831±26563)cpm、(750582±25898)cpm、(832124±22352)cpm、(859130±36821)cpm(P<001);TRAPPCRELISA法显示A值分别为1102±0026、0846±0018、0735±0017、0586±0014,低于对照组(1801±0048、1887±0072、2047±0085、2131±0076,P<001)。10-5mmol·L-1的番茄红素作用胃癌细胞96h后,G0/G1期细胞比例为(697±52)%,高于对照组的(456±37)%(P<001),凋亡率达(256±28)%。结论番茄红素能明显抑制胃癌细胞增殖及端粒酶活性,能使细胞产生G0/G1期阻滞,并诱导凋亡。     

Pigment identification,antioxidant activity,and nutrient composition of Tinospora cordifolia (willd.) Miers ex Hook. f & Thoms fruit

The stem, leaf, and root of Tinospora cordifolia (willd.) have been highly exploited for medicinal preparations; however, the nutritional and nutraceutical potential of its attractive red berries (fruits) have not so far been studied. Pigments, berberine (107.0 mg/100 g) and lycopene (50.8 mg/100 g), were identified in the deseeded fruit. Total phenol content in the fruit was 3.2 mg gallic acid equivalent/g. The IC₅₀ of DPPH^√ (82, and 468 ppm) and OH^√ (100, and 1,000 ppm) scavenging activity, and the EC₅₀ of reducing power (2,616, and 1,472 ppm) of hexane and methanol extracts, respectively, were observed. Oxygen radical absorbance capacities of the fruit extracts (150 and 300 ppm) were 1,107 and 2,614 μM trolox equivalent/g, respectively. Nutrient composition including carbohydrate (18.4%), proteins (1.5%), lipids (6%) of which ～62% was unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins like ascorbic acid (0.24 μg), niacin (0.7 mg), and tocopherols (2.4 mg) in 100 g fruits were determined. Potassium content was 1.2 g/100 g dry tissue of berries. These findings show that components of T. cordifolia fruit could be bioactive and used in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics.