出生免疫错误相关的肝脾问题

目前已用出生免疫错误（IEI）来替代原发性免疫缺陷病这一概念。IEI是一类由单基因突变引起免疫功能异常的遗传性疾病，肝脏和脾脏作为人类重要的免疫器官，与IEI疾病过程中伴发感染、淋巴增殖及自身免疫现象等有重要关联。文章就与IEI相关的肝脾问题进行概述。     

三维容积超声测量部分肢体体积在胎儿体重估测中的应用价值

目的分析三维容积超声测量部分肢体体积在胎儿体重估测中的应用价值情况。方法选择2015年4月至2019年4月在安阳市第三人民医院接受检查以及分娩的产妇206例的临床资料。产妇均接受三维超声部分肢体体积联合二维超声检查,分析其结果。结果把出生体重和超声参数开展相关性分析,探究大腿中段50%体积(TVol)、上臂中段50%体积(AVol)、大腿中段软组织厚度情况(STT)、腹围(AC)、股骨长(FL)、头围(HC)、双顶径(BPD)与新生儿出生体重呈现为线性关系。相关系数(r)分别为:0.816、0.701、0.544、0.590、0.377、0.411、0.399(P<0.05)。将新生儿出生体重视为因变量,把TVol、AVol、STT、AC、FL、HC、BPD视为自变量,开展多元回归分析依照具体的回归结果,TVol、AVol、AC、HC视为自变量,拟出多元线性回归方程,即:y=-2.751.157+6.785x1+8.775x2+13.594x3+4.582x4。对R方加以调整为0.795,证明拟合方程能体现出原始性数据。回归方程结果:F=51.258,P=0.000。结论利用三维超声可测量胎儿部分肢体体积,可在超声预测胎儿体重中发挥非常重要的作用,且该法有着操作简单、重复性高的优点,因此值得进一步在临床中推广应用。     

河北省三种脊髓灰质炎疫苗安全性监测分析

目的 比较河北省二价脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)减毒活疫苗(bivalent oral polio attenuated live vaccine, bOPV)、脊灰灭活疫苗(Salk株)(inactivvated poliomyelitis vaccine made from Salk strains, IPV-Salk)和脊灰灭活疫苗(Sabin株)(inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine made from Sabin strains , IPV-Sabin )接种后疑似预防接种异常反应(adverse events following immunization,AEFI)的发生特征,评价脊灰疫苗的安全性。 方法 通过疑似AEFI信息管理系统收集河北省2016年5月1日—2018年4月30日脊灰疫苗接种后AEFI个案,比较分析三种脊灰疫苗接种后AEFI的报告发生情况。 结果 bOPV、IPV-Salk和IPV-Sabin的AEFI报告发生率分别为13.53 / 10万剂、40.50/10万剂和63.70 / 10万剂。bOPV与IPV-Salk、bOPV与IPV-Sabin、IPV-Salk与IPV-Sabin的AEFI报告发生率(χ²= 360.355, P＜0.001,χ²= 360.247, P＜0.001, χ²= 34.895, P＜0.001)和一般反应报告发生率(χ²= 373.009, P＜0.001, χ²= 564.795, P＜0.001, χ²= 35.382,P＜0.001)差异均有统计学意义,由高到低依次为:IPV-Sabin、IPV-Salk和bOPV;异常反应报告发生率(χ²= 3.077,P=0.079, χ²_C= 1.165,P=0.281, χ²_C= 0,P=1)差异均无统计学意义。三种脊灰疫苗的AEFI中均以一般反应为主,年龄主要集中在≤1岁组,主要发生在接种后1 d内。 结论 河北省三种脊灰疫苗总体安全性良好,但仍需加强脊灰疫苗安全性监测。     

Inactivated influenza vaccine formulated with single-stranded RNA-based adjuvant confers mucosal immunity and cross-protection against influenza virus infection

Influenza vaccination is considered the most valuable means to prevent and control seasonal influenza infections, which causes various clinical symptoms, ranging from mild cough and fever to even death. Among various influenza vaccine types, the inactivated subunit type is known to provide improved safety with reduced reactogenicity. However, there are some drawbacks associated with inactivated subunit type vaccines, with the main ones being its low immunogenicity and the induction of Th2-biased immune responses. In this study, we investigated the role of a single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) derived from the intergenic region in the internal ribosome entry site of the Cricket paralysis virus as an adjuvant rather than the universal vaccine for a seasonal inactivated subunit influenza vaccine. The ssRNA adjuvant stimulated not only well-balanced cellular (indicated by IgG2a, IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α) and humoral (indicated by IgG1 and IL-4) immune responses but also a mucosal immune response (indicated by IgA), a key protector against respiratory virus infections. It also increases the HI titer, the surrogate marker of influenza vaccine efficacy. Furthermore, ssRNA adjuvant confers cross-protective immune responses against heterologous influenza virus infection while promoting enhanced viral clearance. Moreover, ssRNA adjuvant increases the number of memory CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells, which can be expected to induce long-term immune responses. Therefore, this ssRNA-adjuvanted seasonal inactivated subunit influenza vaccine might be the best influenza vaccine generating robust humoral and cellular immune responses and conferring cross-protective and long-term immunity.     

肝内胆汁淤积症孕妇的胎儿不良结局分析

目的对肝内胆汁淤积症孕妇的胎儿不良结局进行分析研究。方法随机选择在本院接受治疗的肝内胆汁淤积症孕妇作为观察组,与同期在本院正常分娩的对照组孕妇相比胎儿的不良结局。结果观察组的分娩结果 :12例早产、5例流产、5例死胎、4例新生儿窒息、40例正常分娩。对照组的分娩结果 :1例早产、1例新生儿窒息,64例正常分娩。观察组中胎儿不良结局发生率显著高于对照组,P <0.05;观察组中重度患者的胎儿不良结局发生率高于轻度患者,P <0.05。结论肝内胆汁淤积症导致胎儿不良结局发生率升高,应对加强对肝内胆汁淤积症的预防从而改善胎儿结局。