[Translated article] Chemotherapy,Alopecia, and Scalp Cooling Systems

Chemotherapy-induced hair loss in cancer is usually temporary but can take a significant emotional toll on patients and lead to treatment refusal in many cases. Although hair loss is usually reversible, regrowth can take months, causing greater psychological distress. Recent years have seen the emergence of cold caps, or scalp cooling systems, designed to prevent or at least reduce chemotherapy-induced hair loss. The results to date are encouraging. We review the evidence on the effects and effectiveness of these systems, which are making their way into routine clinical practice.     

基于血热证小鼠模型紫草素清热凉血与血液氧化还原稳态调控的研究

目的 探究紫草素（SK）对活性酵母诱导的血热证小鼠模型的清热凉血作用与血液氧化还原稳态调控的关系。方法 小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、SK（10 mg/kg）组、阿司匹林（Asp，200 mg/kg）组、L-丁硫氨酸亚砜亚胺（BSO，600 mg/kg）组、N-乙酰-L-半胱氨酸（NAC，400 mg/kg）组、BSO联合SK组、NAC联合SK组。小鼠颈背部sc 0.2 g/mL活性酵母提取物（10 mL/kg），造模0.5 h后ip SK，造模8 h后ig Asp，于实验开始前ip BSO、NAC，2次/d，连续1周。考察小鼠肛温（t_R）、基本活动、代谢、凝血、血细胞计数等指标，采用OPA荧光法测定小鼠血清中还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）、氧化型谷胱甘肽（GSSG）水平。结果 与对照组相比，模型组小鼠造模4 h后t_R显著升高（P<0.05），10 h达到（38.07±0.11）℃；小鼠出现烦躁、口唇色红、喜饮、碳末推进率降低、粪便含水量降低、凝血时间延长现象（P<0.05）；肺组织红细胞、炎性细胞浸润；血清LPO、MDA水平显著升高、SOD活性降低、GSH/GSSG比率减小（P<0.05）。与模型组相比，SK组小鼠t_R显著降低，10 h达到（37.51±0.12）℃；各指标均得到显著改善；血清LPO、MDA水平降低、SOD活性升高、GSH/GSSG比率增大（P<0.05）。BSO组可降低血清GSH/GSSG比率（P<0.05），减弱SK对血热证小鼠的治疗作用；NAC组可增加血清GSH水平，增加GSH/GSSG比率（P<0.05），增强SK对血热证小鼠的治疗效果。结论 SK通过调控血液氧化还原稳态，缓解血热证小鼠高热、出血瘀血、血液氧化损伤，从而发挥清热凉血作用。     

上呼吸道感染致高热惊厥患儿的综合护理分析

目的探讨综合护理在小儿上呼吸道感染致高热惊厥中的应用效果。方法选取2017年5月—2019年6月在本院急诊科就诊的上呼吸道感染致高热惊厥患儿60例,其中2017年5月—2018年5月降温急救护理实施前收治的30例患儿为对照组,2018年6月—2019年6月降温急救护理实施后收治的30例患儿为观察组。对照组给予常规急救护理,观察组采用综合护理。对比两组康复指标、护理满意度及惊厥复发情况。结果观察组干预后两组体温恢复时间(27.33±5.32)h、惊厥控制时间(4.37±1.07)d、住院时间(5.98±1.57)d,短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组总护理满意度(93.33%)比对照组(70.00%)更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组复发率(3.33%)比对照组(26.67%)更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论降温综合护理可缩短呼吸道感染致高热惊厥患儿症状恢复时间,提升护理满意度,降低惊厥复发风险,值得应用。     

Influence of Flask Closure and Flask Cooling Methods on Tooth Movement in Maxillary Dentures

PURPOSE: This study investigated the tooth movement of standardized simulated dentures processed by traditional closure or the new Rafael Saide (RS) tension system when cooled in the curing water itself or in curing water followed by bench storage for 3 hours. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty stone casts were formed from a mold of an edentulous maxillary arch. The wax denture record bases were made on the casts; the height of the wax rim occlusion was 20 mm in the labial sulcus of the cast and 10 mm in the posterior region. The upper stone cast was mounted on a Mondial 4000 semi-adjustable articulator with wax rim interocclusal references in relation to the lower stone cast teeth. Metallic pins were placed in the incisal border of the maxillary central incisors (I), labial cusp of the first premolars (PM), and mesiolabial cusp of the second molars (M). The incisor-to-incisor (I-I), premolar-to-premolar (PM-PM), and molar-to-molar (M-M) transversal distances and left incisor-to-left molar (LI-LM), and right incisor-to-right molar (RI-RM) anteroposterior distances were measured before and after denture polymerization with an optical microscope with a tolerance of 0.0005 mm. For traditional closure, the dentures were flasked conventionally in standard metallic flasks, which were afterward placed in spring clamps. For the new RS system closure, the flasks were pressed between the metallic plates of the tension system after the final closure. The Clássico heat-polymerizing acrylic resin dough was packed in the flasks under a final packing pressure of 1.250 kg f. Twelve hours after flask closure, the dentures were polymerized in a moist heat-polymerizing cycle for 9 hours at 74 degrees C. The denture was deflasked after cooling in the water of the polymerizing cycle (groups A and C) or in the water of the polymerizing cycle and then bench-stored for 3 hours (groups B and D). Collected data were analyzed with analysis of variance and Tukey's test (p< 0.05). RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference (p> 0.05) between the conventional and new RS system closure methods for the transversal distances after polymerization in all studied groups. The anteroposterior distances did not change with deflasking after water bath cooling. There were statistically significant differences (p< 0.05) in the anteroposterior distances with deflasking after water bath cooling and then bench storage for 3 hours. CONCLUSION: Tooth movement was similar in dentures processed by traditional closure and by the new RS tension system, with the exception of the anteroposterior distances when the flasks were cooled in their own curing water and bench-stored for 3 hours.     

中西医结合治疗2型糖尿病合并下肢丹毒临床研究

目的:观察中西医结合治疗2型糖尿病合并下肢丹毒的临床疗效。方法:将60例就诊于本院的下肢丹毒患者,按照就诊时是否合并糖尿病分为糖尿病组和非糖尿病组,每组各30例。两组患者均采用中西医结合疗法。观察两组患者的临床疗效、治愈时间及症状、体征恢复至正常时间。结果:两组患者有效率均为100%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。糖尿病组愈合时间明显长于非糖尿病组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。糖尿病组症状、体征恢复至正常时间均长于非糖尿病组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:2型糖尿病患者发作下肢丹毒年龄大,感染重,局部易出现水疱,疗程长。     

双线性非局部特征结合中继监督网络用于视网膜血管分割

对眼底图像中的视网膜血管精准分割是检测多种疾病的关键技术,在相关疾病自动筛查系统中发挥着重要的作用。针对现存方法追求分割精度时忽略对算法复杂性的考虑,导致在资源受限的医疗设备上部署困难的问题。本文通过进一步合理减少卷积层的特征通道数量来轻量化分割网络并提出了BNIS-Net。该网络采用多尺度图像作为输入融合到编码过程中,使得不同感受野之间建立良好的联系,并提出一种双线性非局部模块来增强相关上下文信息的捕捉能力。最后,在解码过程中采用中继监督的策略,为解码部分各级输出提供监督来约束网络的学习,这样可以有效改善收敛行为使浅层部分得到充分训练。BNIS-Net以0.41 M的参数量在DRIVE、STARE和CHASE_DB1 3个公开数据集上分别取得了81.02%、81.07%、78.15%的DSC值和0.983 3、0.986 1、0.985 9的AUC值。通过大量对比实验和消融研究证明,该方法能够更好地分割血管的边缘细节。     

Local cooling reduces regional bone blood flow

Local cooling is very common after bone and joint surgery. Therefore the knowledge of bone blood flow during local cooling is of substantial interest. Previous studies revealed that hypothermia leads to vasoconstriction followed by decreased blood flow levels. The aim of this study was to characterize if local cooling is capable of inducing reduced blood flow in bone tissue using a stepwise‐reduced temperature protocol in experimental rabbits. To examine bone blood flow we utilized the fluorescent microsphere (FM) method. In New Zealand white rabbits one randomly chosen hind limb was cooled stepwise from 32 to 2°C, whereas the contra lateral hind limb served as control. Injection of microspheres was performed after stabilization of bone and muscle temperature at each temperature level. Bones were removed, dissected and fluorescence intensity was determined to calculate blood flow values. We found that blood flow of all cooled regions decreased relative to the applied external temperature. At maximum cooling blood flow was almost completely disrupted, indicating local cooling as powerful regulatory mechanism for regional bone blood flow (RBBF). Postoperative cooling therefore may lead to strongly decreased bone blood flow values. As a result external cooling has capacity to both diminish bone healing and reduce bleeding complications. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1820–1827, 2013