新疆天山,阿尔泰山山地森林脑炎自然疫源地考察报告

1964～1966年我们考察了位于新疆天山山脉的15个县的林区及阿尔泰山山脉的3个县的林区,发现全沟硬蜱(Ixodes persulcatus)分布于海拔1500～1800m的森林草原景观中。并从天格尔山北坡的乌鲁木齐(N43°33′,E87°07′)、昌吉县林区(N43°30′,E86°55′),依连哈比尔尕山北坡的玛纳斯(N43°53′,E86°06′)、沙湾县林区(N43°56′,E85°12′),婆罗克努山南坡的尼勒克县林区(N44°02′,E82°38′),科古琴山南坡的霍城县林区(N44°28′,E81°10′),那拉提山北坡的新源(N43°16′,E84°01′)、巩留县林区(N43°11′,E82°44′)和哈尔克山北坡的特克斯(N43°59′,E81°55′)、昭苏县林区(N42°48′,E80°35′)采集的全沟硬蜱分离出森林脑炎病毒(Tick-borne encephalitis flavivirus)。从而判定上述地区存在森林脑炎自然疫源地。全沟硬蜱为主要媒介,其带毒率介于14.3％～47.7％。狍(Capreolus capreolus)、狐(Vulpes vulpes)、灰旱獭(Marmotabaibacina)、牛、马和羊均可作为该蜱的天然饲养者,从它们的血清中均检出森林脑炎病毒中和抗体。在疫源地内有散发病例发生。查布察尔(N43°34′,E81°08′、哈巴河(N48°28′,E86°42′)、奇台(N43°38′,E89°42′)、吉木萨尔(N43°49′,E89°)因采集材料过少尚不能确定     

The effect of summer vacation on bilingual preschoolers' language development

The purpose of the investigation was to examine the developmental trajectories of bilingual preschoolers' comprehension of Spanish and English and to determine whether a lengthy summer vacation impacted children's development during the preschool years. Participants included 83 bilingual children who were followed over a 2‐year period during which time children attended a federally funded preschool programme for children from low‐income homes living in the US. Children were divided into two groups based on whether their scores on receptive language measures increased or decreased during their first year of Head Start. Results revealed that children whose scores increased experienced positive growth in their language comprehension in Spanish and English over the 2‐year period, whereas children whose scores decreased during the first year continued to experience a negative developmental trajectory in their second year. Additionally, it was found that a lengthy summer vacation had a differential effect on children's development. Summer vacation had a negative effect on the developmental trajectories of children who experienced gains in their comprehension of English and Spanish and a positive impact on children whose scores declined during the school year. Clinical implications suggest that children may require differential support during the school year and summer vacation depending upon their developmental trajectories during the first year in preschool.     

香佩疗法联合冬病夏治防治小儿反复呼吸道感染40例临床观察

目的观察香佩疗法联合冬病夏治防治小儿反复呼吸道感染的临床疗效。方法将80例符合诊断标准的患儿随机分为2组,治疗组40例采用香佩疗法联合冬病夏治,对照组40例采用冬病夏治。结果治疗组治愈9例,好转27例,无效4例,总有效率90．0％;对照组治愈5例,好转24例,无效11例,总有效率72．5％。2组总有效率比较,差异有统计意义（P〈0．05）。结论香佩疗法联合冬病夏治防治反复呼吸道感染疗效显著。     

夏季腹泻病人2197例的患病状况分析

目的了解夏季腹泻的流行病学特点。方法收集2007—2008年到我院肠道门诊就诊的夏季腹泻病人粪便标本,进行粪便常规检测及粪便培养,并对病人临床资料进行分析。结果腹泻的高发季节为7、8月份,21~40岁病人最为常见,病因多为食用被污染的肉制品或海鲜食物。细菌性腹泻和非细菌性腹泻病人的临床表现没有明显差别。粪便检出致病菌位列前3位的是:弧菌科、变形杆菌属和志贺菌属。2008年就诊病人的总数及细菌性腹泻病人所占比例均较2007年明显下降。结论致病弧菌是引起腹泻的主要病原菌,正确使用抗生素对治疗腹泻至关重要。     

伏九贴敷治疗儿童反复咳喘100例临床观察

目的：观察“伏九贴敷”治疗儿童反复咳喘的临床疗效。方法：采用随机对照的方法，将200例反复咳喘患几分成观察组（贴敷组）和对照组（非贴敷组）各100例。观察组给予伏九贴敷治疗，2年为1个疗程。结果：“伏九贴敷”在平喘及消除肺部哮鸣音等方面，显效84例，有效13例，无效3例，总有效率97％，两组有显著性意义。结论：“伏九贴敷”用于治疗咳喘疗效确切，值得临床进一步推广。     

冬病夏治“天灸疗法”治疗小儿肺系疾病理论探析

对冬病夏治、天灸疗法在应用于小儿肺系疾病中的中医理论及机制、现代研究进行了探析,肯定了冬病夏治、天灸疗法在防治呼吸道疾病方面的重要作用。     

冬病夏治哮喘膏联合孟鲁司特防治儿童支气管哮喘的疗效观察

[目的]评价冬病夏治哮喘膏联合孟鲁司特防治儿童支气管哮喘的疗效及安全性。[方法]110例儿童支气管哮喘患者随机均分为研究组与对照组,两组患者均采用常规治疗,在此基础上,对照组采用孟鲁司特钠片治疗3个月,研究组在对照组基础上加用冬病夏治哮喘膏,一伏、二伏、三伏每次贴敷均2~3 h,每年三伏结束为1个疗程,均接受1个疗程治疗,且随访1 a。比较两组治疗效果,采用肺功能仪测定两组用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼吸容积(FEV1)的变化;采用酶联免疫吸附法测定治疗前后两组核因子κB(NF-κB)、白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-8(IL-8)水平的变化;记录治疗前后哮喘症状积分;并监测两组治疗的安全性,统计复发率。[结果]1)研究组患者总有效率为96.36%,高于对照组的80.00%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2)治疗后,两组患者治疗6个月及8个月后FVC、FEV1均高于治疗前,且治疗12个月高于治疗6个月后,研究组高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。3)治疗后,两组患者治疗6个月及8个月后NF-κB、IL-6、IL-8均低于治疗前,治疗12个月后低于治疗6个月后,研究组各指标下降幅度均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。4)研究组随访期间复发1例(1.82%),对照组复发9例(16.36%),两组复发率对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]采用冬病夏治哮喘膏联合孟鲁司特防治儿童支气管哮喘,可改善患者肺功能,降低炎性因子水平,降低哮喘复发率,且安全性较高。     

Summer camps for diabetic children: an experience in Antalya, Turkey

To evaluate the effectiveness of diabetic summer camps with objective parameters, we examined the data relative to summer camps organized by our department in Antalya in the last two years. The duration of the camps was 10 days. Twenty-eight diabetic children with an average age of 13.6 ± 2.9 years (range 8–20) participated in the first camp, fourteen of whom participated in both camps. The medical personnel consisted of three pediatric endocrinologists, one psychologist, two diabetic nurses and two dietitians. Despite a mean 10% reduction in insulin dosage and 10% increment in daily calorie intake at the beginning of the camp, hypoglycemia was common (mean, 2.4 hypoglycemic episodes per subject). Ketoacidosis was not encountered in any of the subjects during and after camps. An increment in weight in children whose weights, with respect to heights, were under the ideal weight and a decrement in weight of overweight children were observed at the end of the first camp. A significant improvement in knowledge and self-management of the disease was noted at the end of the camps. Improvement in nutrition and diabetic knowledge level of the children who participated in these consecutive camps was more obvious in the second compared with that in the first camp. No significant change in HbA1c level was observed at follow-up. In conclusion, summer camps are an invaluable way for diabetic children to gain skills in managing their disease. Received: 3 May 2000 / Accepted in revised form: 3 March 2001     

中药穴位贴敷治疗哮喘及呼吸系统疾病临床观察

目的:观察哮喘及呼吸系统疾病与中药穴位贴敷的关系,探讨其冬病夏治,夏病冬防的作用机理。方法:北京中医药大学第二临床学院儿科于1999年12月—2007年12月随机选取中药贴敷320例(哮喘130例,支气管炎86例,反复呼吸道感染20例,鼻炎38例,咽炎36例,肺炎10例)在三伏、三九季节进行中药穴位贴敷。结果:哮喘总有效率86.06%,支气管炎总有效率92.9%,反复呼吸道感染总有效率90.0%,鼻炎总有效率47.35%,咽炎总有效率61.0%,肺炎总有效率80.0%,差别有显著意义,P<0.05。结论:中药穴位贴敷是治疗和预防哮喘及呼吸系统疾病非常有效的治疗方法,并揭示冬病夏治其作用机理。