胆囊结石合并胆总管结石术后患者复发情况及危险因素分析

目的 探讨胆囊结石合并胆总管结石(CBDS)术后患者复发情况及危险因素。方法 纳入114例2019年1月~2020年12月在本院行ECRP联合LC治疗的胆囊结石合并CBDS患者,回顾性分析其临床资料,根据所选患者ECRP联合LC术后随访1年内是否复发(REC)将其分为REC组(32例)和未REC组(82例)。回顾性统计胆囊结石合并CBDS术后患者REC情况,比较REC组和未REC组的临床资料,并分析胆囊结石合并CBDS术后患者REC的危险因素。结果 114例胆囊结石合并CBDS术后患者REC32例,发生率28.07%。胆囊结石合并CBDS术后患者REC的危险因素为胆道感染、胆道口括约肌切开、术者经验≤3年、胆道括约肌功能障碍(OR=4.170、4.047、3.568、3.367,P<0.05)。结论 胆囊结石合并CBDS术后患者REC的危险因素与胆道感染、胆道口括约肌切开、术者经验≤3年、胆道括约肌功能障碍密切相关,可据此针对性制定临床治疗及护理干预措施方案,以降低胆囊结石合并CBDS术后患者REC率。     

阿帕替尼治疗晚期及术后复发肺肉瘤样癌的疗效分析

目的探索阿帕替尼治疗晚期及术后复发肺肉瘤样癌的疗效。方法收集2016年6月至2019年8月Ⅲ~Ⅳ期及术后复发的肺肉瘤样癌患者21例,口服阿帕替尼(250~425 mg/d)治疗,30 d为1个疗程,观察并分析疗效及评价安全性。结果21例患者中,完全缓解(CR)为0,部分缓解(PR)为14.3%(3例),稳定(SD)为33.3%(7例),疾病进展(PD)为52.4%(11例);客观反应率(ORR)为13.3%(3例),疾病控制率(DCR)为47.6%(10例)。中位总生存期(mOS)为4.6个月,中位无进展生存期(mPFS)为1.0个月。病灶≥6 cm(或≥5 cm)较<6 cm(或<5 cm)平均OS明显缩短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后分期Ⅰ~Ⅱ期较Ⅲ~Ⅳ期平均OS明显延长(P<0.05)。位于中央的病灶较周围的病灶平均OS明显缩短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。性别、年龄(>60岁,≤60岁)、吸烟史(是/否)对疗效影响差异无统计学意义。常见不良反应包括高血压38.1%(8例)、蛋白尿23.8%(5例)、手足综合征28.6%(6例)、腹泻28.6(6例)、骨髓抑制38.1%(8例)。结论阿帕替尼治疗晚期及术后复发肺肉瘤样癌具有一定疗效,不良反应可控,病灶大小、位置及分期可能是疗效的独立影响因素。     

Combining CAPRA-S With Tumor IDC/C Features Improves the Prognostication of Biochemical Recurrence in Prostate Cancer Patients

Background: Intraductal carcinoma and cribriform (IDC/C) tumor features are well-established prognosticators of biochemical recurrence (BCR), metastasis, and prostate cancer (PCa)-specific mortality. However, approximately 70% of PCa patients undergoing a radical prostatectomy are IDC/C negative, yet up-to 20% of these patients progress and experience BCR. Thus, tumor histopathologic characteristics such as IDC/C alone are limited in their ability to predict disease progression. Conversely, several nomograms such as Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment-Surgery (CAPRA-S) have been developed to aid in the prognostication of BCR, but not yet widely applied in clinical settings. Materials and methods: In this study, we assessed the combined prognostic utility of IDC/C, and CAPRA-S for BCR in 3 PCa patient cohorts. Results: CAPRA-S+IDC/C improved the predictive accuracy of BCR in all 3 cohorts (P < .001). Specifically, among IDC/C negative cases, CAPRA-S improved the prognostication of BCR in low-risk (Cohort 1; P < .001, Cohort 2; P < .001, Cohort 3; P = .003), intermediate (Cohort 1; P < .001, Cohort 2; P = .006, Cohort 3; P = .03) and high-risk (Cohort 1-3; P < .001) patients. Conversely, IDC/C improved the prognostication of BCR among CAPRA-S low-risk (Cohorts 1; P < .001 and Cohort 3; P = .003) patients. Conclusion: Our results suggest the investigation of histopathological IDC/C features in CAPRA-S low-risk patients and conversely, nomogram CAPRA-S among IDC/C negative patients improves the identification of patients likely to experience BCR, which would otherwise be missed through current assessment regimens. These patients can be offered more intensive monitoring and adjuvant therapies upfront to circumvent the development of recurrent cancer or overtreatment at the time of surgery.     

同型半胱氨酸对高血压患者脑卒中复发风险的影响

目的探讨高血压合并脑卒中患者的血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平与其他危险因素对于脑卒中复发的影响。 方法分析徐州市中心医院心内科和徐州医科大学附属医院神经外科自2012年5月至2013年12月收治的1623例高血压脑卒中患者的基线资料，中位随访4.9年，根据随访事件中是否发生脑卒中分为复发组（312例）与未复发组（1311例）。Kaplan-Meier生存分析比较不同危险因素脑卒中复发率的差异，单因素与多因素Cox回归模型分析影响脑卒中复发的独立危险因素，以及危险因素之间的交互作用。 结果复发组年龄、空腹血糖、Lg Hcy的水平，以及糖尿病、房颤的患病率均高于未复发组（P<0.05）。Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示，糖尿病、房颤、年龄≥60岁、空腹血糖≥7.0 mmol/L、Hcy≥15 μmol/L的脑卒中复发率明显升高（Log-rank检验，P<0.05）。多因素Cox回归模型分析显示，高龄、Lg Hcy水平升高，以及房颤、糖尿病是脑卒中复发的独立危险因素。Lg Hcy分别与糖尿病、空腹血糖、年龄存在交互作用。 结论血浆Hcy水平升高既是高血压合并脑卒中患者卒中复发的独立危险因素，又通过与糖尿病、高龄、空腹血糖水平升高的交互作用显著增加脑卒中复发风险。     

Monosomy of Chromosome 9 Is Associated With Higher Grade,Advanced Stage,and Adverse Outcome in Clear-cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

BackgroundClear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common malignancies in humans and is usually associated with poor outcomes. Cancers are considered to be genetic diseases. Therefore, a better understanding of genetic alterations that are related to disease progression or poor prognosis can help to more precisely identify high-risk patients and treat them more effectively. The aim of this study was to examine the frequency of whole chromosome 9 loss (monosomy of chromosome 9) and its prognostic value in patients with ccRCC.Materials and MethodsSingle nucleotide polymorphism-based chromosome microarray (CMA) analysis was performed on 103 resected specimens from patients with ccRCC who had undergone partial or radical nephrectomy between January 2002 and March 2017 at Fox Chase Cancer Center. Monosomy 9 was correlated with clinicopathologic parameters and recurrence-free survival.ResultsChromosome 9 loss was detected in 31 (30%) of 103 tumors. Tumors with chromosome 9 loss had higher histologic grade (3 and 4; P < .001) and pathologic stage (P < .001). In 59 patients with non-metastatic ccRCC, chromosome 9 loss was also associated with higher recurrence rate and shorter recurrence-free survival (RFS) (12-month RFS, 77.8%; 95% confidence interval, 36.5%-93.9% for chromosome 9 loss vs. 95.7%; 95% confidence interval, 84.0%-98.9% for no loss; P = .002).ConclusionsChromosome 9 loss was found in 30% of patients with ccRCC and correlated with higher grade, advanced stage, and shorter RFS in patients with Stage I to III ccRCC.     

腹腔镜下经腹部和后矢状路联合修补术后复发性直肠尿道瘘和直肠阴道瘘

目的介绍腹腔镜下经腹部和后矢状路联合手术治疗直肠肛门手术后复发性直肠尿道瘘和直肠阴道瘘。方法5例术后多次复发性直肠尿道瘘或直肠阴道瘘患儿，男3例，女2例，年龄3～13岁。腹部在腹腔镜下游离结肠，远端尽可能从骶前向盆腔分离肠管，近端肠管游离保证正常结肠能无张力拖至肛门处吻合。低位盆腔肠管分离通过后矢状位切口（肛缘后上1cm），正中切开直肠后壁，直肠内剥离黏膜至齿状线，直视下修补瘘口，近端切断结肠，将正常结肠拖出与肛门吻合。结果所有患儿排便功能良好，仅1例有轻度污粪，未见瘘管复发。结论腹腔镜下经腹部和后矢状路游离结肠、直肠，创伤小，视野清晰，避开了粘连紧密的瘘管分离，完整结肠拖出避免了瘘管的复发，后矢状路直肠切开能直视下显示并修补瘘管。     

尖锐湿疣复发机理与抗复发治疗进展

尖锐湿疣是全球范围内广泛流行的性传播疾病之一，本文主要对其发病和复发的危险因素，以及常用的抗复发治疗方法进行综述。