脑出血继发损伤中沉默信息调节因子2的表达和炎症反应*

目的：探讨脑出血对酵母沉默信息调节因子2（Sirt2）和炎症的影响。方法：将胶原酶Ⅳ注入SD大鼠右侧 纹状体中建立脑出血模型，通过免疫印迹和ELISA 等方法测定大鼠脑出血后48 h 的Sirt2 的表达及炎症变化。利 用Hemin 诱导PC12 细胞损伤模拟体外脑出血模型，并检测Sirt2 及炎症变化；采用短发夹RNA（shRNA）-Sirt2 沉 默Sirt2 在PC12 细胞中的表达及对炎症的影响。结果：手术后48 h 脑出血行为学评分最低。脑出血组Sirt2 的表达 显著高于假手术组。脑出血组IL-6、IL-1β 表达显著升高。结论：脑出血可以促进Sirt2 的表达和炎症反应，降低 Sirt2 的表达可减缓炎症反应。 关键词 脑出血；沉默信息调节     

Glucose starvation induces resistance to metformin through the elevation of mitochondrial multidrug resistance protein 1

Metformin, a drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus, has shown therapeutic effects for various cancers. However, it had no beneficial effects on the survival rate of human malignant mesothelioma (HMM) patients. The present study was performed to elucidate the underlying mechanism of metformin resistance in HMM cells. Glucose‐starved HMM cells had enhanced resistance to metformin, demonstrated by decreased apoptosis and autophagy and increased cell survival. These cells showed abnormalities in mitochondria, such as decreased ATP synthesis, morphological elongation, altered mitochondrial permeability transition pore and hyperpolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Intriguingly, Mdr1 was significantly upregulated in mitochondria but not in cell membrane. The upregulated mitochondrial Mdr1 was reversed by treatment with carbonyl cyanide m‐chlorophenyl hydrazone, an MMP depolarization inducer. Furthermore, apoptosis and autophagy were increased in multidrug resistance protein 1 knockout HMM cells cultured under glucose starvation with metformin treatment. The data suggest that mitochondrial Mdr1 plays a critical role in the chemoresistance to metformin in HMM cells, which could be a potential target for improving its therapeutic efficacy.     

基于糖脂代谢研究筋疽（糖尿病足非缺血性坏疽）湿热毒盛证

[目的]通过现代检验技术研究筋疽(糖尿病足非缺血性坏疽)湿热毒盛证的糖脂代谢指标。[方法]收集136例筋疽(糖尿病足非缺血性坏疽)患者进行不同证型间指标的比较。[结果]湿热毒盛证患者空腹血糖(FBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、餐后2 h血糖(2 hPBG)、晚期糖基化终末产物(AGEs)、白蛋白(ALB)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)与其他证型比较存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。湿热毒盛证患者C-反应蛋白(CRP)、人可溶性血管细胞黏附分子1(sVCAM-1)与其他证型组间比较存在统计学差异(P<0.01)。[结论]筋疽(糖尿病足非缺血性坏疽)湿热毒盛证形成的原因与低营养状态下糖脂代谢紊乱引起的高血糖及持续炎症反应相关。     

养精种玉汤辅助体外受精-胚胎移植对排卵障碍性不孕患者的影响

目的：探究养精种玉汤辅助体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF-ET）对排卵障碍性不孕患者的影响。方法：选取2016年12月至2017年3月邯郸市中心医院收治的排卵障碍性不孕患者82例作为研究对象，按照随机数字表法随机分为对照组与观察组，每组41例。对照组给予促性腺激素释放激素激动剂（Gn）+控制性促排卵+IVF-ET治疗，观察组在此基础上联合养精种玉汤治疗，至HCG日停止服用。治疗后统计2组Gn使用情况、取卵数及妊娠率；检测并比较HCG日2组子宫内膜容受性指标；比较2组妊娠结局及治疗期间相关不良反应发生情况。结果：观察组Gn使用天数及使用剂量均低于对照组，而妊娠率高于对照组（P<0.05或P<0.01）；观察组子宫内膜类型为A型患者比例高于对照组，而子宫内膜类型为C型患者比例低于对照组（P<0.05或P<0.01）；观察组子宫内膜厚度大于对照组，而子宫内膜动脉血流参数PI及RI均低于对照组（P<0.01）；2组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），且治疗期间2组血清肝功能指标及血尿常规检测均未发现异常。结论：养精种玉汤辅助IVF-ET可有效增强排卵障碍性不孕患者子宫内膜容受性，提高患者妊娠率并改善其妊娠结局，具有良好的安全性。     

Myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) key genes analysis in rat anti-CD28-induced immune tolerance kidney transplantation

BackgroundIn the field of transplantation, inducing immune tolerance in recipients is of great importance. Blocking co-stimulatory molecule using anti-CD28 antibody could induce tolerance in a rat kidney transplantation model. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) reveals strong immune suppressive abilities in kidney transplantation. Here we analyzed key genes of MDSCs leading to transplant tolerance in this model.MethodsMicroarray data of rat gene expression profiles under accession number {"type":"entrez-geo","attrs":{"text":"GSE28545","term_id":"28545"}}GSE28545 in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were analyzed. Running the LIMMA package in R language, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found. Enrichment analysis of the DEGs was conducted in the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) database to explore gene ontology (GO) annotation and their Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. Their protein-protein interactions (PPIs) were provided by STRING database and was visualized in Cytoscape. Hub genes were carried out by CytoHubba.ResultsThree hundred and thirty-eight DEGs were exported, including 27 upregulated and 311 downregulated genes. The functions and KEGG pathways of the DEGs were assessed and the PPI network was constructed based on the string interactions of the DEGs. The network was visualized in Cytoscape; the entire PPI network consisted of 192 nodes and 469 edges. Zap70, Cdc42, Stat1, Stat4, Ccl5 and Cxcr3 were among the hub genes.ConclusionsThese key genes, corresponding proteins and their functions may provide valuable background for both basic and clinical research and could be the direction of future studies in immune tolerance, especially those examining immunocyte-induced tolerance.     

益气活血通络汤治疗原发性高血压合并糖耐量减低临床研究

目的:观察中药益气活血通络汤治疗高血压合并糖耐量减低的临床疗效。方法:将64例高血压合并糖尿病患者,随机分为2组各32例,对照组口服硝苯地平片治疗;观察组加用中药益气活血通络汤,以治疗前后收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、血糖、胰岛素、胰岛素敏感性指数(ISI)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)为观察指标。结果:治疗3个月后,观察组疗效优于对照组(Z=-1.998,P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,2组经治疗后SBP、DBP、TC、TG、LDL-C均下降,HDL-C上升,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组治疗后SBP、DBP、TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C与对照组治疗后比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,2组经治疗后空腹和餐后2 h血糖、胰岛素、HOMA-IR均下降,ISI上升,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且经治疗后,观察组上述所有指标改善情况均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患者在3个月的治疗期间中均未出现严重不良反应。结论:中药益气活血通络汤治疗高血压合并糖耐量降低疗效较好且安全性高,能显著降低血压,改善血脂。     

Antidiabetic activity of Helicteres angustifolia root

Context The root of Helicteres angustifolia L. (Sterculiaceae) has been used as folk herbal drug to treat cancer, bacterial infections, inflammatory, and flu in China. However, there is no report on its antidiabetic activity.

Objective This study evaluates the antidiabetic activity of ethanol extract from H. angustifolia root.

Materials and methods The promoting effect of H. angustifolia root ethanol extract (25, 50, and 100 μg/mL) on glucose uptake was evaluated using HepG2 cell, differentiated C2C12 myotubes, and differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The antidiabetic activity of the extract was assessed in vivo using STZ-induced diabetic rats by orally administration of the extract (200 and 400?mg/kg b.w.) once per day for 28 d. Blood glucose, TG, TC, TP, HDL-C, UA, BUN, AST, ALT, insulin, and HOMA-IR were analyzed.

Results The results showed that the extract increased glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes with an IC₅₀ value of 79.95 and 135.96 μg/mL, respectively. And about 12%, 19%, and 10% (p < 0.05) in HepG2 cells when compared with the control at the concentration of 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL, respectively. After 28 days’ treatment with the extract, significant reduction was observed in blood glucose, HOMA-IR, TC, TG, UA, BUN, AST, and ALT levels, while the levels of TP and HDL cholesterol increased.

Discussion and conclusion These results suggest that H. angustifolia root ethanol extract possess potent antidiabetic activity, which is the first report on antidiabetic activity of this plant.