常见植物药对结肠癌的防治作用及其作用机制

植物药对结肠癌具有良好的防治作用。姜黄素、多糖(苹果多糖、香菇多糖)、皂苷(重楼皂苷、人参皂苷)、白藜芦醇、槲皮素等植物药可通过不同信号通路抑制结肠癌细胞的增殖,促进细胞凋亡。此外,植物药还具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗血管生成、减轻化疗药物不良反应、逆转肿瘤细胞耐药等作用。了解植物药对结肠癌的防治作用及其可能的作用机制,能为结肠癌的临床防治提供更多的理论依据及治疗思路。     

Stat3显性负性基因调控人结肠癌细胞增殖与凋亡的分子机制

目的 探讨转染Stat3（转录信号传导子和激活子3）显性负性基因Stat3β质粒阻断人结肠癌细胞系SW480细胞的Stat3信号传导通路对人结肠癌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响及可能的机制.方法 应用阳离子脂质体向人结肠癌细胞系SW480细胞中转染携带Stat3β基因的质粒,四唑盐法检测细胞增殖能力,流式细胞术检测细胞周期和细胞凋亡,反转录聚合酶链反应检测Stat3靶基因cyclinD1、bcl-xL mRNA表达情况.数据统计分析采用独立样本t检验.结果 转染Stat3β质粒36 h后,SW480细胞的增殖受到显著抑制（t=5.216,P=0.006）;G0/G1期的细胞比例由40.37%上升至67.25%,S期细胞由44.68%下降至31.23%;发生早期凋亡的细胞比例由5.34%上升至24.42%;同时cyclin D1、bcl-xLmRNA表达水平较对照组显著下降（t=5.228,P=0.010;t=3.517,P=0.025）.结论 转染携带Stat3β基因的质粒可以通过下调Stat3靶基因的表达抑制人结肠癌细胞的增殖,促进凋亡,为以Stat3为靶点的结肠癌基因治疗提供了实验基础.     

Angiodysplasia as the cause of massive lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage in a young adult

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to clarify the importance of bleeding vascular ectasia of the colon as the etiology of massive lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage in patients 40 years of age or younger. METHODS: An otherwise healthy 21-year-old male was admitted to a tertiary medical center with massive lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Technetium-labeled red blood cell scan, selective visceral angiography, and colonoscopy identified the source of bleeding as vascular abnormality of the descending colon. Segmental colonic resection was performed. RESULTS: Histologic review of the specimen demonstrated a vascular ectasia. The patient recovered uneventfully and has had no further stigmata of hemorrhage. A review of the literature was undertaken to make clear the significance of vascular ectasia as the source for massive colonic hemorrhage in the young adult. CONCLUSION: This is the first report that documents histologically a vascular ectasia as the source of massive lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage in an otherwise healthy patient less than 40 years of age. Vascular ectasia is an uncommon cause of lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage in the young adult.The Chief, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Navy Department, Washington, DC, Clinical Investigation Program sponsored this report #84-16-1968-532, as required by HSETCINST 6000.41A. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, or the United States Government.     

组织特异性胞嘧啶脱氨酶和5-氟胞嘧啶热化疗对裸鼠结肠癌肝脏转移的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of tissue specific cytosine deaminase/5-fluorocytosine (CD/5-FC) thermotherapy on hepatic metastasis of colonic carcinoma in nude mice. Methods Forty-five nude mice were randomly divided into control group, 5-FC group and 5-FC thermotherapy group according to the random number table (15 mice in each group). Mice models of hepatic metastasis of colonic carcinoma were established by portal vein injection of LoVo/CEACD cells. The hepatic metastasis rate and number of metastatic nodules of the 3 groups were compared by ehi-square test and one-way ANOVA. The pathological changes in tumor tissues and apoptotic index of tumor cells were observed. The expression of the CD gene in tumor tissues was detected by fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot. Results The number of metastatic nodules and liver metas-tasis rate were 4.6±1.3 and 100.0% in control group, 2.2±1.0 and 60.0% in 5-FC group, 0.5±0.8 and 13.3% in 5-FC thermotherapy group, with statistical difference among the 3 groups (F=25.898, χ2=5.208, 19.548, 5.168, P<0.05). The mean apoptotic indexes of tumor cells of the 3 groups were 4.6%, 9.9% and 17.4%, respectively. Vacuolar degeneration, cell necrosis, cytolysis and apoptotic bodies were mostly observed in the 5-FC thermotherapy group. The expression of CD gene in tumor tissue was detected in all the groups. Conclusion Tissue specific CD/5-FC thermotherapy has inhibitory effects on the hepatic metastasis of LoVo cells transfected with CD gene.     

Abdominal aortic aneurysm repair and colonic infarction: a risk factor appraisal

OBJECTIVE: Colonic infarction is a recognized complication of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) surgery. The clinical difficulty in establishing the diagnosis combined with the patient's poor physiological status is usually associated with a fatal outcome. We assessed our experience with this problem to identify a possible risk factor profile for these patients. METHOD: Patients records were identified from the operative logs, intensive care unit, Hospital Inpatient Enquiry system and vascular unit databases over a 6-year period. RESULTS: A total of 405 patients underwent AAA repair during this period; 140 as emergency ruptures. Nine patients were identified from the databases with known colonic infarction (2.2%). One was a woman. The mean age was 70 years. Seven patients had emergency ruptures (5%). Twenty independent risk factors were analysed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. Significant risk factors identified by using a multivariate analysis included the nature of the presenting patient, preoperative hypotension, prolonged cross-clamp time, intra-operative ischaemia and postoperative acidosis. Confirmatory diagnosis was made by colonoscopy in eight patients. One patient survived following the salvage surgery. The mean duration of survival was 10.5 days. The overall mortality was 89% of patients. CONCLUSION: In our unit infrarenal AAA repair has a 2.2% rate of colonic infarction. A definitive diagnosis is best made by colonoscopy. A risk factor profile for the development of colonic infarction may be constructed on the basis of specific clinical parameters. Earlier intervention on the basis of this profile may ultimately reduce the current excessive mortality.     

Segmental colonic transit studies: comparison of a radiological and a scintigraphic method

OBJECTIVE: Colonic transit studies are used to diagnose slow transit constipation (STC) and to evaluate segmental colonic transit before segmental or subtotal colectomy. The aim of the study was to compare a single X-ray radio-opaque marker method with a scintigraphic technique to assess total and segmental colonic transit in patients with STC. METHOD: Thirty-one female patients (median age 46 years) with severe constipation and a prolonged or borderline prolonged colonic transit time on radio-opaque marker study were included in the study. They were subsequently investigated with (111)Indium-DTPA colonic transit scintigraphy, with a median time between the investigations of 4(range 1-27) months. Normal values of healthy female controls were used for comparison. RESULTS: There was no difference between the two methods in terms of prolonged or normal total colonic transit time. Twenty-nine of 31 female patients had a prolonged transit time only in one or two segments on the marker study. On scintigraphy, the transit time was prolonged for patients in the left (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001), but not in the right colon. With respect to prolonged or normal segmental transit time, there was a significant difference between the two methods only in the descending colon (P = 0.02). However, the results varied considerably for individual patients. CONCLUSION: Segmental colonic delay was a common finding. The two methods gave similar results for groups of patients, except in the descending colon. The variation of the results for individuals suggests that a repeated transit test may improve the assessment of total and segmental transit.     

梗阻性左半结肠癌I期切除吻合术的探讨

目的探讨急性梗阻性左半结肠癌I期切除、吻合的可行性。方法采用术中肠管切开减压，近远端肠管顺行灌洗，I期肿瘤切除、吻合。结果15例患者除1例吻合口瘘经引流冲洗后治愈，余病例全部I期愈合。结论左半结肠癌引起肠梗阻，严格掌握手术适应证，合理围手术期处理，术中肠管减压、灌洗及术后扩肛，I期切除吻合术是安全可取的。     

Development of intestinal epithelial cell lines using a transgenic mouse

The epithelial cells of the colonic mucosa of the animal have proved impossible to culture using standard tissue culture techniques. Immortalization of adult colonic epithelial cells has been unsuccessful due to the lack of DNA synthesis in these cells once they are isolated from the tissue. Recently an unique transgenic mouse bearing a temperature sensitive mutant of the known immortalizing gene, SV40 large T has become available. The advantage of this mouse is that the SV40 large T gene is expressed in every cell. Active immortalizing protein is produced in each cell at the permissive temperature. We have used colonic mucosa from these mice to initiate cultures of epithelial cells from the colon of adult mice. The cells grow readily at the permissive temperature but die within 7 days at the non-permissive temperature. The methods used to develop these cultures are described.     

结肠非低张双重造影的应用

本文应用结肠非低张双重对比灌肠造影诊断结肠病变,这是一种简单的方法。本文根据150例的实践径验介绍了技术、病人的准备、有关造影剂的问题和正常所见,并通过具体的病例阐述了结肠非低张双重对比检查的临床应用价值,并指出了本法的不足之处。     

金属夹定位结肠病变在腹腔镜手术中的应用

目的：探讨腹腔镜结肠手术术前病灶定位的方法。方法：22例腹腔镜结肠手术术前行纤维结肠镜检查，并用金属夹标记结肠病变部位，并摄平卧位腹平片确定体表投影部位。结果：22例腹腔镜结肠手术均顺利找到病变部位。结论：术前用金属夹定位病变，有助于腹腔镜结肠手术时顺利找到病灶。