中药治疗哮喘-慢阻肺重叠的Meta分析＊

目的 系统评价中药治疗哮喘-慢阻肺（ACO）的疗效与安全性。方法 全面检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中国知网、万方、维普、中国医学文献数据库，纳入有关中医药治疗ACO的随机对照试验（RCT），运用Cochrane手册对纳入研究的方法学质量进行评估，采用Review Manager 5.3进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入32项RCT，包括2688例ACO患者，其中试验组1361例，对照组1327例。Meta分析结果显示，中医药可以显著改善ACO患者的中医证候疗效［RR=1.19，95% CI（1.13，1.25），P<0.00001］、CAT评分［MD=-3.62，95% CI（-4.37，-2.87），P<0.00001］、ACT评分［MD=3.42，95% CI（2.23，4.62），P<0.00001］，、中医证候总积分［MD=-3.61，95% CI（-4.83，-2.39），P<0.00001］、FEV₁［MD=0.59，95% CI（0.08，1.10），P=0.02］、FEV₁%［MD=8.61，95% CI（5.20，12.1），P<0.00001］、FEV₁/FVC［MD=6.52，95% CI（4.24，8.80），P<0.00001］、6 min步行实验［MD=41.18，95% CI（22.15，60.21），P<0.0001］、急性发作次数［MD=-2.46，95% CI（-3.62，-1.13），P<0.0001］。所有研究均未报道严重不良反应。结论 中药治疗ACO，可以显著提高临床疗效，改善患者的肺功能且具有较好安全性，但是需要更高质量、多样本、多中心的随机对照试验进一步确认。     

基于网络药理学探讨搜风愈喘方拆方“祛宿痰方”调控儿童哮喘的作用机制＊

目的 基于“伏风暗瘀宿痰”小儿哮喘病机新说，采用网络药理学及实验验证的方法，探索搜风愈喘方拆方“祛宿痰方”治疗儿童哮喘的作用机制，验证中医“宿痰”病机与西医细胞外基质改变病理之间的交通性。方法 通过TCMSP数据库建立“祛宿痰方”的有效成分和靶点数据集，利用OMIM、GeneCards、DrugBank、TTD疾病数据库建立哮喘疾病靶点数据集，利用Cytoscape软件取交集并构建“祛宿痰方”与哮喘的蛋白质互作网络，筛选关键靶点蛋白。利用Metascape数据库进行基因本体（Gene ontology，GO）分析以及京都基因和基因组百科全书（Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes，KEGG）富集分析。复制卵蛋白（OVA）诱导的哮喘大鼠模型，对核心通路及关键靶点进行实验验证。结果 共得到“祛宿痰方”治疗哮喘的靶点98个，包括IL-13、TP53、TGF-β1、VEGF-A、MMP9等，KEGG得到与哮喘相关的通路287条（P＜0.05），包括NF-κB信号通路、PI3K-AKT信号通路、IL-17信号通路等。GO结果显示与哮喘相关生物进程包括炎症反应、细胞外基质调控、氧化应激、血管生成等。动物实验证实“祛宿痰方”可下调大鼠肺组织中p-NF-κB-P65磷酸化水平，抑制NF-κB信号通路的激活，降低IL-13、TGF-β1 mRNA表达量（P<0.05），减少哮喘大鼠肺组织中炎症细胞浸润、黏液产生，从而延缓哮喘的进程。结论 “祛宿痰方”可抑制NF-κB信号通路的激活，降低肺组织中IL-13、TGF-β1 mRNA表达量，可能通过抑制炎症反应、调控细胞外基质等途径作用于哮喘，中医“宿痰”病机与西医细胞外基质改变病理之间存在一定的的交通性。     

Mothers’ emotional states and attitudes regarding their children with asthma

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of asthma with the psychological profile (depression and anxiety) of children with asthma and their mothers as well as the attitudes of these mothers toward their children and their family relationships. Methods: Sixty-four children with asthma, 60 healthy children and their mothers were included in the study. The Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) and Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index (CASI) were applied to the children. All mothers completed the Beck Depression Inventory, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Parental Attitude Research Instrument and the Family Assessment Device. Results: CASI scores were significantly higher in children with asthma (p?<?0.001) than in healthy children. The increasing duration and severity of asthma were associated with increasing anxiety levels in children with asthma. Depression and anxiety scores were significantly higher in the mothers of children with asthma than in the comparison group. The mothers of children with asthma did not have supportive and friendly relationships with their children. In addition, these mothers had significantly higher Attitude of Hostility and Rejection, Attitude of Over-parenting and Authoritarian Attitude scores than those of the comparison group. Increasing duration and severity of asthma influenced family functions and the attitude of the mothers of children with asthma. There was a correlation between an increasing number of emergency department visits and increasing depression in the mothers of children with asthma. Conclusions: This cross-sectional study revealed that the disease may negatively affect the lives of children with asthma and their mothers and their family relationships.     

Job hazards and respiratory symptoms in Hispanic female domestic cleaners

Abstract

The occupational hazards and respiratory symptoms of domestic cleaners in USA are largely unknown. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 56 Hispanic female domestic cleaner on their health status and frequency of cleaning products used and tasks performed. While women used multi-use products (60.0%) and toilet bowl cleaners (51.8%) most days of the week, many (39.3%) reported not using personal protective equipment while cleaning. Itchy/watery eyes (61.8%) and itchy nose (56.4%) were the most frequently reported symptoms. A history of physician-diagnosed asthma was reported by 14.3% while 33.9% had symptoms of bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR). In conclusion, this vulnerable population has high prevalence of physician-diagnosis asthma and BHR symptoms and is potentially exposed to myriad occupational hazards. Further research exploring associations between products use, cleaning tasks and respiratory symptoms is warranted.