深静脉置管镇痛泵持续输入用于癌症病人镇痛

目的探讨深静脉置管镇痛泵持续输入对癌症病人的镇痛效果。方法将芬太尼、氟哌利多、阿托品按预定浓度比注入微量镇痛泵,经股静脉或颈静脉穿刺并留置导管,缝合固定,与镇痛泵连接,药物即可均衡进入体内。结果全程测定NRS和PPI值分别为1.3和1.5。表明此法癌症病人止痛效果佳,全部病例均有效。结论深静脉置管镇痛泵持续输入对癌症病人镇痛效果确切,应用方便。     

小剂量芬太尼与氯胺酮联合用于PCIA的临床体会

目的观察微量小剂量芬太尼与氯胺酮联合于术后病人自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)的效果及不良反应,并与较大剂量芬太尼PCIA进行比较。方法选择ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级、年龄(45.8±11.2)岁、全麻下行腹部手术病人80例,随机分为4组:Ⅰ组为芬太尼2.0 mg,Ⅱ组为芬太尼1.5 mg+氯胺酮250 mg,Ⅲ组为芬太尼1.5mg+氯胺酮500 mg,Ⅳ组为芬太尼1.5 mg+氯胺酮750 mg;各组均加5 mg氟哌啶,然后加生理盐水至100mL。PCIA持续输注速度为24μL.kg-1.h-1。记录术后4、24、48及72 h的VSA评分、镇静评分、呼吸次数及SpO2变化情况。结果Ⅱ组VAS评分4个时点均明显高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。Ⅰ组出现睡眠的病人也较多。结论适量小剂量芬太尼与氯胺酮联合用于术后PICA,能明显改善病人嗜睡的状况,镇痛效果也较理想,从而减少了术后嗜睡和呼吸抑制的状况。     

Preoperative infiltration of the surgical area enhances postoperative analgesia of a combined low–dose epidural bupivacaine and morphine regimen after upper abdominal surgery

In a randomized, blinded trial we assessed the value of adding preoperative infiltration of the surgical area with bupivacaine to a low dose epidural regimen for postoperative pain treatment. Forty–nine patients scheduled for major upper abdominal surgery during combined thoracic epidural (bupivacaine + morphine) and general anaesthesia were studied. Postoperative analgesia was epidural bupivacaine 10 mg hr^-1 + morphine 0.2 mg hr^-1 for 72 h. The patients randomly received preoperative infiltration of the surgical area with bupivacaine 0.25%, 40 ml (group I); or no infiltration (group II). Pain was evaluated at rest, during cough and during mobilization six and eight h after start of surgery, and at 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. on the following days until 72 h after start of surgery. The sensory level of analgesia was evaluated by pin prick. We found no difference between the two groups during rest and cough. However, during mobilization group I had lower pain scores compared to group II ( P < 0.05). There was a significant reduction in the need for supplemental intramuscular morphine in the treatment group compared to the control group ( P <0.05). Thus an enhanced analgesic effect was demonstrated by adding preoperative infiltration of the surgical area with local anaesthetic to a low dose epidural bupivacaine/morphine regimen after upper abdominal surgery.     

Sputum induction as a research tool for the study of human respiratory mucus

The study objectives were to compare in vitro transportability and physical properties of respiratory mucus, obtained invasively by direct collection (DC) right after endotracheal intubation and non-invasively by sputum induction with 3% hypertonic saline solution inhalation (SI) 24 h before the anesthesia. Twenty-two patients with no pulmonary disease scheduled for elective abdominal surgical procedures were studied. The parameters analyzed and the main results are as follows. (1) Transportability by cilia (MCT), SI was higher than DC (0.94+/-0.25 and 0.62+/-0.25; P<0.001). There was a significant correlation between the two methods and DC could be estimated by: DC=0.21+(0.44 SI) (r=0.44; P<0.001). (2) Transportability by cough (CC), SI was higher than DC (68.23+/-32.1 and 33.58+/-19.04 mm; P=0.002). (3) Contact angle (CA), SI was lower than DC (10+/-3 degrees and 22+/-14 degrees ; P=0.025). (4) Rheological properties (no significant difference obtained between SI and DC). These results indicated that SI changes mucus physical properties and transportability in non-expectorators.     

麻醉学住院医师培训的发展思路与建议

本文主要分析了麻醉学专科医师培训的国际模式，结合我国国情和学科现有基础，探讨了我国麻醉学住院医师培训面临的问题及发展思路，并提出了建议和意见，其目的在于促进我国麻醉学住院医师培训规范化、制度化和法律化。     

力月西芬太尼硬膜外给药用于术后镇痛的临床观察

目的探讨力月西复合芬太尼硬膜外给药的镇痛效果。方法60例ASA I-Ⅱ级中下腹手术,硬膜外间隙均选择L1、2或T12L1,2%利多卡因术中维持麻醉,将上述病例随机分为两组;A组根据需要术中硬膜外腔给力月西0.15mg~0.20mg/kg,芬太尼0.05mg,术后硬膜外镇痛,0.10%布比卡因、6μg/ml芬太尼、0.133%力月西;B组根据需要术后硬膜外镇痛,0.10%布比卡因、6μg/mg芬太尼。主要观察术后12、24、36、48小时,VAS评分,用药总量。结果VAS评分B组(P<0.05),镇静评分A组>B组(P<0.05),药试物B组>A组(P<0.01)。结论力月西芬太尼复合麻药镇痛效果更为确切。