冠脉腔内支架置入术后联合抗凝的探讨

目的：评价冠脉腔内支架置术后低分子肝素、噻氯匹定和阿司匹联合抗凝的效果和安全性。方法：121例行经皮冠状动脉腔内支架置入术的患者，分成择期组86例，不稳定心绞痛低分于肝素抗凝不佳需行急仍支架入术者为急诊组1共15例，急性心肌梗死20例直接支架入术为急诊组2。急诊组1术前不停用分子肝素，术后低分子肝素0．4ml，每12h1次共7d；噻氯匹定0．25g／次，每天两次和阿司匹林0．1g／d，顿服共1月联合抗凝。结果：三组术后1例出现急性、亚急性闭塞，无严重的出血并发症，一周内无心绞痛发作。结论：冠脉腔内支架置术后低分子肝素、噻氯区定和阿司匹林联合抗凝可预防急性、亚急性闭塞，未增加要后出血的发生，安全性好。     

低分子肝素治疗急性脑梗死的临床观察

目的 观察低分子肝素治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效及对出凝血时间、凝血酶原时间、血小板的影响。方法 ６０例急性脑梗死患者,分为治疗组、对照组各３０例。治疗组采用低分子肝素静滴,对照组用低分子右旋糖酐治疗。结果 治疗组总有效率９３．３％,显效率６３．３％,明显优于对照组（７３．３％,４６．６％）。有显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０１）;对出凝血时间、凝血酶原时间、血小板无显著性差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）,无１例继发出血。结论 低分子肝素治疗急性脑梗死是安全有效的。     

枝管藻多糖对实验性高脂血大鼠血脂和过氧化水平的影响

目的:观察枝管藻多糖对实验性高脂血大鼠血脂和过氧化水平的影响。方法:以Wistar大鼠为研究对象,用高脂饲料建立高脂血症大鼠模型,分别ig枝管藻多糖和烟酸肌醇酯(枝管藻多糖的剂量为150mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1),300mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1),烟酸肌醇酯的剂量为 100mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)),连续40d。于实验的第 30天和第40天,各采血一次,分别测定血清 TC,TG,LDL-C,HDL-C,MDA,ROS含量和 SOD活性。结果:枝管藻多糖能显著抑制们喂高脂饲料大鼠的 TG(P<0.05)水平的升高,显著降低高脂血症大鼠的血清 TC(P<0.05)和TG(P<0.05)含量,但对血清LDL-C和HDL-C含量的变化几乎无影响;明显降低高脂血大鼠血清ROS,MDA含量,提高血清 SOD活性(P<0.01或 P<0.05)。结论:枝管藻多糖能够显著改善高脂血大鼠体内过氧化状态,但其抗高脂血效果低于烟酸肌醇酯。     

Spray-dried fucoidan microparticles for pulmonary delivery of antitubercular drugs

Pulmonary tuberculosis accounts for 80% of cases and the delivery of antitubercular drugs into the lungs allows targeting the infected organ and, possibly, reducing systemic drug toxicity. This work aimed at using fucoidan as matrix of inhalable microparticles that associate two first-line antitubercular drugs, for an application in pulmonary tuberculosis therapy. Fucoidan is composed of fucose and sulphated sugar residues, moieties described as being recognised by surface receptors of alveolar macrophages, which host mycobacteria. Inhalable fucoidan microparticles loaded with antitubercular drugs were successfully produced with high association efficiencies of either isoniazid (95%) or rifabutin (81%). The microparticles evidenced no cytotoxicity on lung epithelial cells (A549). However, rifabutin-loaded microparticles showed a certain degree of toxicity on macrophage-like cells (THP-1) at the highest tested concentration (1?mg/mL). Furthermore, microparticles showed favourable aerodynamic properties for deep lung delivery (MMAD 2.0–3.8?µm) and, thus, show potential for an application as inhalable tuberculosis therapy.     

Exploiting biological activities of brown seaweed Ecklonia cava for potential industrial applications: a review

Seaweeds are rich in vitamins, minerals, dietary fibres, proteins, polysaccharides and various functional polyphenols. Many researchers have focused on brown algae as a potential source of bioactive materials in the past few decades. Ecklonia cava is a brown seaweed that is abundant in the subtidal regions of Jeju Island in the Republic of Korea. This seaweed attracted extensive interest due to its multiple biological activities. E. cava has been identified as a potential producer of wide spectrum of natural substances such as carotenoids, fucoidans and phlorotannins showing different biological activities in vital industrial applications including pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmeceutical and functional food. This review focuses on biological activities of the brown seaweed E. cava based on latest research results, including antioxidant, anticoagulative, antimicrobial, antihuman immunodeficiency virus, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antimutagenic, antitumour and anticancer effects. The facts summarized here may provide novel insights into the functions of E. cava and its derivatives and potentially enable their use as functional ingredients in potential industrial applications.     

髋部骨折术后物理措施预防血栓形成的有效性分析

目的探讨髋部骨折围手术期物理措施预防血栓形成的有效性和安全性。方法把96例符合条件的患者分为A和B两组,A组术后应用物理措施预防血栓形成,B组术后应用低分子肝素钙预防血栓形成,通过对比两组深静脉和肺栓塞的发生率及出血性并发症的发生率,比较两组治疗措施的效果。结果 A组48例物理措施预防血栓形成的患者血栓形成的发生率为8.33%,出血性并发症的发生率为2.08%;B组48例应用低分子肝素钙血栓形成的发生率为6.25%,出血性并发症的发生率为4.17%。结论在髋关节骨折术后中单独应用物理措施预防血栓形成的效果并不比单独应用低分子肝素差。     

低分子肝素钙治疗肺心病并呼吸衰竭的临床价值研究

目的探讨肺源性心脏病(肺心病)并呼吸衰竭患者运用低分子肝素钙进行治疗的临床应用价值。方法72例肺心病并呼吸衰竭患者,应用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组36例。对照组患者采取常规治疗,观察组患者在对照组上采用低分子肝素钙治疗。对比两组患者治疗前后动脉血气指标[氧分压(PaO2)、二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)及酸碱度(pH)值]及治疗效果。结果治疗前,两组患者的PaO2、PaCO2、pH值水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,观察组患者的PaO2(9.36±1.02)kPa明显高于对照组的(7.78±0.98)kPa,PaCO2(6.33±0.97)kPa明显低于对照组的(7.65±1.28)kPa,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者pH值比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组患者总有效率为97.22%,显著高于对照组的83.33%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论针对肺心病并呼吸衰竭患者运用低分子肝素钙进行治疗,可有效改善患者的血气指标,提高治疗效果,具有较高的临床价值。     

海参岩藻聚糖硫酸酯对巨噬细胞的调节作用及信号通路研究

目的研究海参岩藻聚糖硫酸酯(SC-FUC)对巨噬细胞的调节作用及相关信号通路,探究其调节机体免疫的作用机制。方法噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法检测巨噬细胞的增殖情况;中性红法检测吞噬活性;Griess试剂法测定培养上清液中NO含量;RT-PCR检测巨噬细胞下游细胞因子IL-6、IL-10、Toll样受体和相关信号分子My D88、TRIF、NF-κB的mRNA表达量。结果 SC-FUC对巨噬细胞增殖、吞噬能力和NO分泌均有促进作用,在作用前期(6h和12h)效果更为明显。SC-FUC能上调细胞因子IL-6和IL-10的mRNA表达量,上调TLR4、TLR5、TLR9的表达量,促进信号分子My D88、TRIF和NF-κB的mRNA表达量。结论 SC-FUC能够激活巨噬细胞,促进其分泌NO、IL-6、IL-10等细胞因子,从而发挥免疫调节作用。SC-FUC激活巨噬细胞的信号通路与细胞表面TLR4、TLR5、TLR9及NF-κB通路相关。     

岩藻聚糖硫酸酯FV对大鼠的抗血栓作用研究

目的探讨岩藻聚糖硫酸酯FV对大鼠的抗血栓作用。方法将60只Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、岩藻聚糖硫酸酯FV 20、10、5、2.5 mg/kg组和低分子肝素钙注射液(LMWHC)213 IU/kg组,每组各10只。分别在下腔静脉血栓模型、体外血栓模型和动静脉旁路血栓模型中研究FV的抗血栓作用,比较血栓干湿质量并计算血栓抑制率。结果 FV 20、10、5、2.5mg/kg能够显著降低大鼠下腔静脉血栓、体外形成的血栓、动静脉旁路中血栓的干湿质量,对血栓湿质量的抑制率最高可达97.4%、94.3%、51.2%,对血栓干质量的抑制率最高可达91.8%、96.6%、64.0%,有明显的抑制血栓形成作用。结论 FV能够抑制血栓形成,量效关系好,具有开发为抗血栓药的良好前景。     

叶酸联合低分子肝素和小剂量阿司匹林治疗复发性流产的临床研究

目的探讨叶酸片联合低分子肝素钙注射液和小剂量阿司匹林肠溶片治疗复发性流产的临床疗效。方法选取2016年1月—2016年8月绵阳中心医院收治的复发性流产患者94例为研究对象,按照数表法将患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各47例。对照组皮下注射低分子肝素钙注射液,5 000 IU/次,1次/d;且口服阿司匹林肠溶片,75 mg/次,1次/d。治疗组在对照组基础上口服叶酸片,0.4 mg/次,1次/d。所有患者均于确定妊娠后开始治疗,并持续至临产或发生流产、早产。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组的激素水平、凝血指标、叶酸和同型半胱氨酸(HCY)的情况。结果治疗后,对照组、治疗组的活产率分别为85.11%、93.62%,两组活产率比较差异无统计学意义。治疗后,两组人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)、孕酮(P)、雌二醇(E2)水平均显著升高,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组这些观察指标明显高于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,治疗组血浆纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1(PAI-1)水平明显降低,治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组PAI-1水平明显低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,治疗组HCY水平明显下降,而叶酸水平明显升高,治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组这些观察指标的改善程度明显优于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论叶酸片联合低分子肝素钙注射液和小剂量阿司匹林肠溶片治疗复发性流产具有较好的临床疗效,可改善激素水平,降低PAI-1和HCY水平,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。