"分段切开,多重挂线术"治疗高位复杂性肛瘘临床研究

目的:观察"分段切开,多重挂线术"治疗高位复杂性肛瘘的临床疗效。方法:将60例高位复杂性肛瘘随机分为治疗组40例,采用"分段切开,多重挂线术";对照组20例,采用传统切开挂线术进行对比观察。结果:显示治疗组与对照组显愈率分别为95%和90%,无明显差异(P>0.05),但两组间的术后疼痛程度、创口愈合时间、肛门功能情况存在显著差异(P<0.05)。结论:在治疗高位复杂性肛瘘时,"分段切开,多重挂线术"与传统切开挂线术相比,具有手术操作简单,对组织损伤小,痛苦小、疗程短、肛门功能保护好等优点,该术式的应用,使得高位复杂性肛瘘治疗更加安全、有效。     

Pitfalls in diagnosis of aortic dissection by angiography: Algorithmic approach utilizing CT and MRI

Dissection of the thoracic aorta is a life-threatening event requiring imaging studies to define the level of the tear and the intinmal flap. The “gold standard” has been angiography. This method may fail to demonstrate the dissection, however, due to overlap of the true and false lumens or a very thin flap that is imaged en face rather than tangentially. Computed tomography has a diagnostic accuracy of 95%, but can fail to image the dissection due to technical factors or a thrombosed false hunen. Magnetic resonance imaging requires a hemodynamically stable and cooperative patient. A diagnostic algorithm is proposed for diagnosis of aortic dissection based on renal function and the surgeon's imaging modality preference.     

Limited role of aortic size in the genesis of acute type A aortic dissection

Objective: Increased dimension of the aortic root and proximal aorta is considered a significant risk factor for catastrophic events that involve the ascending aorta. The objective of this study was to determine the possible correlation between pre-dissection aortic diameter and the occurrence of Stanford type A aortic dissection. Methods: Samples of dissected ascending aortas were obtained from 220 patients at the time of their operation. Two groups were identified: patients with connective tissue disorders (Group 1, n = 94) and those without (Group 2, n = 126). Measurements of the true (intimal) lumen were conducted and extrapolated as reliable approximation of pre-dissection aortic diameter. The possible association of intimal diameter with anthropometric and demographic data was analyzed. Results: Median aortic diameter was, respectively, 41.8 and 41.3 mm for patients with and without connective tissue disorders (41.4 mm for the entire cohort). Data analysis indicated that 57% of patients had aortic diameter above 40 mm, while patients with frank aneurysm accounted only for 10%; this proportion was higher in Group 1 compared to Group 2 (17.2% vs 4.7%). Poor or no correlation was demonstrated between aortic size and any of the anthropometric or demographic variables essayed. Significant subgroup differences were found among patients with a history of cigarette smoking, hypertension, diabetes, chronic renal insufficiency, and bicuspid aortic valve. Conclusion: Although aortic diameter remains a strong indication for preventive surgery in patients with inherited connective tissue disorders, acute aortic dissection occurs rarely in the setting of true ascending aortic aneurysms, and despite normal or near-normal aortic size in more than one-third of subjects. Dissection superimposing on small aortic diameters can be regarded as an expression of substantial functional tissue susceptibility to aortic catastrophic events.     

偏心圆剥离法在隆乳术中的应用

以往以乳头为圆心的同心圆剥离法常形成假体的移位，使假体的体表轮廓与前方的自然乳房分离，产生“双重乳房”现象。在研究了女性不同体位下不同的乳房形态及总结了以前的经验后，提出了偏心圆剥离的概念。偏心圆手术设计方法：以乳头为圆心，按其内侧、下侧为直径３／５的比例，以外侧、上侧为直径２／５的比例，形成一偏心圆的剥离范围。偏心圆的直径因考虑到假体的不同形态、大小及底面直径，以经中心假体纵截面的周长的１／２再放大２ｃｍ，作为剥离范围的直径。自１９９１年１０月以来已应用了１７６例，无一术后移位现象，也没有固较多地剥离胸大肌内、下侧止点纤维而影响上肢活动。自然乳房并不是静态的圆锥形或半球形，它具有伸缩的组织学特点，又有随体位变动而变化的特点。用偏心圆法剥离，可使置入的假体与前方的自然乳房融为一体，消除“双重乳房”现象，而成为“真实”的乳房。同时也应积极寻找一种与身体组织相容性好的，弹性、比重与女性乳腺较为一致的，假体容量相对恒定的生物性材料。这样隆乳术才可以更广泛地开展。     

血管内支架移植物治疗胸-腹主动脉瘤

目的　评价内支架移植物 (ESG)植入术治疗胸、腹主动脉瘤的有效性和安全性。方法　 2 8例胸、腹主动脉夹层动脉瘤 (AD或AAA) ,全麻下行血管内支架移植物治疗 ,其中 5例AD植入TALENT移植物 ,9例植入国产ESG ;7例AAA植入Zenith和TALENT分叉型ESG ,7例植入国产ESG。结果　 2 5例动脉假腔及动脉瘤得到有效隔绝。2例AD封堵失败 ;1例AAA移植物遮盖右肾动脉开口 ,术后肾体积缩小 ;1例AAA因多器官衰竭死亡。平均随访 18.5± 15 .1个月( 1～ 5 9个月 ) ,2 5例生活及工作情况良好。结论　ESG植入术可有效治疗StanfordB型AD和肾下AAA ;严格掌握适应证有助于减少并发症     

臀上皮神经临床意义

目的:阐明臀上皮神经临床意义。方法:解剖20具尸体(40侧)腰臀区,对臀上皮神经及相关结构进行解剖、观察、分析。结果:40侧腰臀区共发现138支臀上皮神经。在神经出胸腰筋膜后层处的卵圆形空隙有27个,其剩余空间周围见有脂肪组织。结论:臀上皮神经穿出胸腰筋膜后层处的卵圆形空隙为引起脂肪组织疝出、卡压神经引发腰痛的薄弱点。     

多普勒超声心动图对主动脉夹层诊断的评价

本文报道了5例主动脉夹层的多普勒超声心动图的阳性所见,其中4例为DeBakey Ⅲ型,1例为Ⅰ型。其阳性所见;(1)4例降主动脉增宽,1例升主动脉增宽;(2)与脉搏同步的摆动性内膜瓣在腹主动脉内最清楚见到,并在收缩期有红色血流填充;(3)2例在主动脉弓远端可见撕裂口;(4)降主动脉双腔形成,真腔内有彩色血流填充,假腔内则无。以上阳性所见对诊断本病起重要作用。     

铜绿假单胞菌注射液治疗甲状腺乳头状癌颈侧区淋巴结清扫术后淋巴漏的临床观察

背景与目的 淋巴漏为颈部淋巴结清扫术后常见并发症,传统治疗方法作用相对有限,而铜绿假单胞菌注射液处理创面可较好促进局部炎症反应以闭合漏点,因此本研究分析铜绿假单胞菌注射液对甲状腺乳头状癌（PTC）颈侧区淋巴结清扫术后淋巴漏患者引流量的影响及安全性,以明确铜绿假单胞菌注射液的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析2019年1月—2020年1月郑州大学第一附属医院甲状腺外科行颈侧区淋巴结清扫术后出现淋巴漏的69例PTC患者资料,依据淋巴漏治疗方式不同将其分为对照组（37例,术中常规双侧留置负压引流）、观察组（32例,在对照组治疗的基础上,术后第4、6天,通过引流管注入2支铜绿假单胞菌注射液）,比较两组术后引流量、体温变化,记录其引流时间及不良反应发生率。结果 两组术后第1、2、3天引流量比较差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）,观察组术后第4、5、6天引流量低于对照组［（310.79±32.16）mL vs.（338.64±34.55）mL、（157.82±16.43）mL vs.（325.43±33.96）mL、（87.34±8.59）mL vs.（333.68±34.59）mL,均P<0.05］;观察组术后第6、7 天体温高于对照组［（37.78±3.77）℃ vs.（35.96±3.60）℃、（37.65±3.72）℃ vs.（35.79±3.68）℃,均P<0.05］,其他时点两组体温差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）;观察组引流时间明显短于对照组［（6.17±0.63）d vs.（7.28±0.75）d,P<0.01］;观察组部分患者术后2周内出现局部发热、寒战不良反应,予以物理降温后均恢复正常,观察组术后不良反应发生率高与对照组（12.50% vs. 8.11%）,但差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 铜绿假单胞菌注射液治疗PTC患者颈侧区淋巴结清扫术后淋巴漏患者临床效果较好,可降低引流量,缩短引流时间,部分患者可能有体温升高、发热等现象,经对症处理后均可缓解,不影响治疗。