生物制剂对类风湿关节炎患者血清白细胞介素-2与肿瘤坏死因子-α及白细胞介素-13表达的影响

目的探讨生物制剂对类风湿关节炎(RA)患者血清白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)及白细胞介素-13(IL-13)表达的影响。方法选择2018年1—12月医院收治的RA患者86例,按随机数字表法分为对照组和试验组,每组43例。对照组接受甲氨蝶呤治疗,试验组在对照组基础上加用重组人Ⅱ型肿瘤坏死因子受体-抗体融合蛋白(rhTNFR:Fc)治疗,比较两组的临床疗效和IL-2、TNF-α、IL-13水平及不良反应发生情况。结果试验组治疗有效率为93.0%,高于对照组的74.4%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,试验组IL-2(312.54±84.43)pg/ml、TNF-α(6.82±2.07)pg/ml、IL-13(4.86±1.52)pg/ml,均低于对照组的(429.84±97.51)pg/ml、(12.72±3.74)pg/ml、(6.13±1.87)pg/ml,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗期间仅对照组出现恶心/呕吐1例,未经对症处理自行恢复。结论RA患者接受rhTNFR:Fc治疗有助于下调血清IL-2、TNF-α及IL-13水平,抑制炎症反应,提升RA治疗效果,且药物不良反应较少。     

颞骨巨细胞瘤一例

患者男,43岁。因右侧太阳穴处刺痛半年入院。体检:右颞部、颞下窝肿胀,有压痛,皮温不高,张口受限Ⅱ°,双侧颞颌关节活动度无明显异常,心、肺、腹(-),血常规及生化正常。影像表现:X线片见右侧颞骨圆形局限性骨质密度减低,边缘清,无硬化。CT示右颞骨溶骨性骨质破坏,未见死骨、硬化带及骨膜反应,破坏区内见软组织肿块向内伸至颞窝,边界不清,CT值42HU,增强后明显强化,CT值76HU,诊断右颞占位性病变(图1)。MRI示右颞部类圆形稍长T1、短T2信号,增强后呈不均匀明显强化,大小约2.5cm×2.0cm,边缘模糊不清,并向周围组织侵犯,病灶向前外侵犯咬肌…     

精神分裂症首次发病患者的磁共振弥散张量显像研究

目的探讨从未用过药的精神分裂症首次发病(以下简称首发)患者的重要白质及部分灰质区的磁共振弥散张量显像(DTI)的特点。方法选取9例首发精神分裂症患者(患者组)及9名年龄、性别、受教育程度与患者组相配对的健康者,应用DTI成像技术检测脑额颞交界处、内囊等白质区和颞中回灰质、中央前回、中央后回等灰质区的各向异性(FA)、表观扩散系数(ADC)及双侧海马体积。结果患者组及对照组组内左右两侧兴趣区FA值及ADC值的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);患者组与对照组各感兴趣区FA值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但患者组颞中回灰质(8.655×10-9)、中央前回(7.816×10-9)、中央后回(7.855×10-9)ADC值高于对照组(分别为7.428×10-9,6.921×10-9,7.013×10-9;P=0.049,0.009,0.005);两组内及组间双侧海马体积比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论首发精神分裂症患者与健康者DTI参数之间没有明显区别。     

导航系统辅助下颈椎椎弓根螺钉置钉准确性的实验研究

目的：评价导航系统辅助下颈椎（C3～C7）椎弓根螺钉内固定置钉的准确性.方法：将32具成人尸体颈椎标本随机分为4组,分别采用盲法、透视法、透视导航法和CT导航法进行下颈椎椎弓根螺钉置入.术后采用标本大体解剖观察的方法评价置钉准确性.分优（螺钉完全在椎弓根内）、可（仅有螺纹穿出,对周围组织无损伤）和差（螺钉明显穿出）进行统计.结果：共置入螺钉318枚.盲法80枚,平均手术时间27min,优29枚（36 3%）、可21枚（26.3%）、差30枚（37.5%）;透视法78枚（有1例C4、C5右侧椎弓根均细小,不能容纳3.5mm螺钉）,平均手术时间112min,优35枚（44.9%）、可29枚（37.2%）、差14枚（17.9%）;透视导航法80枚,平均手术时间69min,优34枚（42.5%）,可36枚（45%）,差10枚（12.5%）;CT导航法80枚,平均手术时间98min,优70枚（87.5%）、可10枚（12.5%）.各组间手术时间均有显著性差异（P＜0.05）,透视法与透视导航法的置钉准确率间无显著性差异,其余各组间均有显著性差异（P＜0.05）.结论：单纯根据术前影像结果盲法行下颈椎椎弓根螺钉内固定不安全.透视法和透视导航法可提高置钉准确性,但手术风险仍较大,透视导航法比透视法置钉的手术时间缩短.CT导航法并未比透视法增加手术时间,但置钉准确性显著提高.     

卡提素调节支气管哮喘细胞免疫变化的研究

本文用卡提素防治支气管哮喘,并观察治疗前后患者细胞免疫变化,结果显示卡提素治疗后T_3~+(成熟T细胞)、T_4~+(辅助/诱导T细胞)、T_4~+均较治疗前显著升高,说明卡提素作为免疫增强剂可改善支气管哮喘患者的细胞免疫功能。因此,对于该病患者于每年好发季节前应用卡提素做预防性治疗,可减少或减轻哮喘的急性发作。     

肺心病患者血清碱性成纤维细胞生长因子水平的变化及其与肺动脉压的关系

目的　探讨碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 (b FGF)在低氧性肺动脉高压发病中的作用。方法　采用酶联免疫吸附法对具有低氧性肺动脉高压的肺心病患者 2 1例、无低氧性肺动脉高压的慢性阻塞性肺疾病 (COPD)患者 2 3例和 2 4例正常人血清 b FGF水平进行检测 ,以多普勒超声心动仪测定肺心病和 COPD患者的平均肺动脉压 (m PAP)。结果　肺心病组 m PAP水平 (33.33± 7.0 3m m Hg)明显高于 COPD组 (13.13± 2 .34mm Hg) ,P<0 .0 0 1;肺心病组血清 b FGF水平 (6 9.84± 16 .2 9pg/m l)明显高于 COPD组 (43.94± 7.5 7pg/ml)和正常对照组(44 .6 4± 6 .31pg/m l) ,P<0 .0 0 1;肺心病血清 b FGF水平与 m PAP之间呈明显正相关 ,r=0 .730 ,P<0 .0 0 1。结论慢性肺心病患者血清 b FGF水平明显升高 ,可能与其慢性低氧性肺动脉高压的形成有一定的关系。     

可吸收锥形针固定手部骨折的生物力学研究

Objective To study biomechanical characteristics of resorbable tapered pin,and to investigate the feasibility of using for fixation of fracetures of the hand. Methods Sixteen pairs of fresh frozen human cadaveric metacarpal and proximal phalangeal bones were utilized.An oblique osteotomy was made at an angle of appropriately 45°to the long axis of the bone,and the bone was then fixed with two 1.0 mm K-wires or two resorbable tapered pins.Bending and fatigue testing were performed to obtain biomechanical data. Results ?The bending rigidity and the maximal load of resorbable taoered pin was significantly lower than that of K-wire. After fatigue testing,the maximal load and the displacement of resorbable tapered-pin was significantly lower than that of K-wire,while the bending rigidity is not statistically different between two materials.The maxinal load ratio of resorbable tapered pin to K-wire was significantly higher after fatigue testing, but the bending rigidity ratio was not statistically different. Conclusion The rigidity of resorbable tapered pin was lower than that of K-wire, but still strong enough to counteract the stress caused by postoperative rehabilitation.Resorbable tapered pin has great flexibility and is superior to K-wire during postoperative exercise.     

肝脏MR灌注成像的研究进展

近年来,随着硬件与软件技术的发展,磁共振灌注成像在肝脏疾病诊断中取得了一定的进步.就肝脏MR灌注成像的原理、技术方法及临床应用进行综述.     

动态增强MR灌注成像在脑胶质瘤诊断中的价值

目的　探讨动态增强T2 WMR灌注成像在脑胶质瘤术前分级预测及鉴别诊断中的价值。资料与方法　有病理或追踪结果的 4 8例脑病变患者 ,其中胶质瘤 2 5例 (高、低级别胶质瘤分别为 16例和 9例 ) ,非胶质瘤病变 2 3例。全部病例均行常规T1WI、T2 WI和EPI SE序列动态增强MR灌注成像。计算每个病灶的最大相对脑血容量 (rCBV)比值 (病灶最大rCBV/对侧正常脑白质rCBV)。分析胶质瘤的最大rCBV比值与其组织学级别的关系 ,并比较胶质瘤与非胶质瘤的灌注异常及常规MRI强化表现。结果　高级别胶质瘤 ( 16例 )的最大rCBV比值为4 .6 0± 1.98( 2 .5 5～ 9.2 2 ) ,低级别胶质瘤 ( 9例 )的最大rCBV比值为 1.86± 1.5 2 ( 0 .85～ 5 .72 ) ,经t检验 ,两组之间有显著统计学差异 (P <0 .0 1)。脑膜瘤、转移瘤、血管母细胞瘤、淋巴瘤均显示有局部高灌注 ,最大rCBV比值为5 .35± 2 .39( 3.15～ 12 .39) ,而有强化表现的脑梗死、脑炎性灶及放射性脑损伤表现为低、等灌注 ,最大rCBV比值为1.2 7± 0 .36 ( 0 .85～ 1.72 )。结论　MR灌注成像在胶质瘤的术前影像学分级预测上有重要价值 ,在脑胶质瘤的某些鉴别诊断上亦具有一定的参考价值     

闭合复位治疗婴幼儿发育性髋脱位的疗效观察

Objectives To retrospectively review the results of closed reduction for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), and analyze the causative for the dissatisfactory results of radiolagieal. Methods From 1997 to 2005 the results of closed reduction for DDH in 60 children (77 hips) over 4.5 years period were retrospectively reviewed. Radiological final results of the patients were evaluated with Severin classification. The causative factors made from medical records and radiographs were used to make statistical analysis. Results Seventy-three percent of the patients (56/77) had satisfactory results according to Severin classification. Twenty-one hips classed as SeverinⅢ-Ⅴ. Seventeen of the 21 hips had a reconstructive procedure. Avaseular necrosis was observed in 29 hips (38%). The most important parameters affecting the result were age at reduction (P ＜ 0. 05) and avascular necrosis (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions In order to achieve better clinical and radioiogical results, the infants suffering from the DDH should be treated in the early stage. The postoperative avascular necrosis usually leads to poor prohnosis.