Preliminary study on blood coagulation and hemostatic effect and acute toxicity of Oxalis corniculata L. ethanol extract

In the present study, we aimed to observe the effects of ethanol extract of Oxalis corniculata L. on bleeding time (BT) and coagulation time (CT) and determine its acute toxicity in mice. Firstly, the ethanol extract of O. corniculata was administered to 40 mice, which were randomly divided into the normal control group, Yunnan Baiyao control group, low-dose group, and high-dose group. The low-dose (0.6 g/kg) and high-dose (1.2 g/kg) groups received ethanol extract of O. corniculata by gavage, and the BT and CT of the mice were measured by the slide method and tail clipping method, respectively. Secondly, the median lethal dose method was used with 50 mice to observe the physiological state, poisoning reaction, and death of the mice after intragastric administration. Finally, on the 14th day of the experiment, a necropsy was performed to observe any abnormality of the organs. In conclusion, in the coagulation and hemostasis tests, there were no statistical differences between the groups (P > 0.05), while there was a significant dose-response relationship, and the BT and CT were significantly shorter than those of the negative control group, which were comparable to the Yunnan Baiyao control group. Moreover, in the acute toxicity test, the median lethal dose of ethanol extract of O. corniculata was 6.0291 g/kg, with a 95% confidence interval of 5.3065–6.7829 mg/kg.     

A randomized controlled trial: Comparison of one-per-mil tumescent technique and tourniquet in surgery for burn hand contracture in creating clear operative field and assessment of functional outcome

BackgroundThis study aims to compare the use of one-per-mil tumescent solution (a mixture of epinephrine and 0.2% lidocaine in a ratio of 1:1,000,000 in normal saline solution) and tourniquet to create clear operative fields and to evaluate the functional outcomes after post burn hand contracture surgery.MethodsThe subjects of this randomized controlled trial were divided into one-permil tumescent technique and tourniquet group for a similar surgical procedure. Three independent assessors evaluated the clarity of the operative fields through recorded videos for the first 15 min and the first 10-minute of each hour of the surgery. Functional outcome was evaluated at least three months postoperatively using total active and passive motion (TAM and TPM) of each digit. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were tested during baseline (5 min before the procedures), ischemia phase, and reperfusion phase (a phase when the blood flow returned to the tissue).Results35 subjects were included in this study: 17 in the tumescent group and 18 in the tourniquet group. We found a significant difference in the clarity of operative field between tumescent and tourniquet groups, 5 vs 35 bloodless operative fields, respectively (p < 0.05). TAM and TPM of each digit before surgery and 3 months postoperatively showed no significant difference between both groups (p > 0.05). Furthermore, we found no difference in MDA and TNF-α levels between both groups at their respective phases.ConclusionsThe use of one-per-mil tumescent technique does not replace tourniquet use to create bloodless operative fields in burned hand contracture surgery. However, the postoperative functional results were similar in both groups showing that tumescent technique can be used as an alternative to tourniquet without compromising outcomes. The MDA and TNF-α examinations do not provide conclusive outcomes regarding ischemia and reperfusion injury.     

控制性低中心静脉压在原发性肝癌伴肝炎后肝硬化患者腹腔镜肝切除中的应用

背景与目的:在肝脏切除手术中采用控制性低中心静脉压(CLCVP)技术可有效减少肝断面出血,然而,低中心静脉压(CVP)所产生的相对低血压和潜在低灌注可能造成不良影响,这使其推广应用受到一定程度的限制。本研究探讨CLCVP技术在原发性肝癌伴肝炎后肝硬化患者腹腔镜肝切除手术中的应用效果和安全性。方法:回顾性分析2017年4月—2019年3月在安徽医科大学第一附属医院肝胆胰外科行全腹腔镜解剖性肝切除手术的44例原发性肝癌伴肝炎后肝硬化患者临床资料,所有患者均接受同一组医生手术,其中24例患者术中采用CLCVP技术(观察组),另外20例患者术中未采用CLCVP对照组(对照组),分析并比较两组术前、术中、术后的相关临床资料。结果:两组患者术前资料包括性别、年龄、BMI、Child分级、肝硬化程度、肝肾功能指标差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。两组手术均顺利完成,无围手术期死亡病例。观察组术中、术后均未见低CVP相关气栓、肝肾损伤等并发症。与对照组比较,观察组术中动脉收缩压、CVP明显降低,手术时间与肝门阻断时间明显缩短、术中出血和手术输血率明显降低,但术中乳酸指标明显升高(均P0.05)。两组的术后出血、感染、胸腔积液、胆汁漏的发生率以及肝肾功能指标、拔管时间、住院时间方面均无统计学差异(均P0.05),但观察组患者术后引流量多于对照组(P0.05);两组术后复发率亦无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:在做好术前肝功能评估和术中密切观测患者灌注指标的前提下,CLCVP技术对肝炎后肝硬化患者腹腔镜肝切除手术是安全可靠的,虽然低CVP会使机体灌注减少,机体无氧代谢增强,乳酸含量增高,但对肝肾功能及肝癌的复发无明显影响,而且较低的CVP能够有效减少术中出血量和输血量,缩短手术时长和肝门阻断时间,降低长时间缺血缺氧对肝脏的打击。总之,在无严重心、肺、脑、肾基础疾病的肝炎后肝硬化患者腹腔镜肝切除手术中,CLCVP是一种值得推荐的控制肝断面出血技术。     

加速康复外科理念联合术中喷凝止血技术在后腹腔镜保留肾单位手术中的应用价值

目的 探讨加速康复外科（ERAS）理念联合术中喷凝止血技术在后腹腔镜保留肾单位手术病人围手术期中的应用。方法 选取2018年1月1日至2021年3月31日潍坊市人民医院泌尿外科收治的T1期肾癌病人120例,用抽签法随机分为观察组（n=60）和传统组（n=60）。观察组采取ERAS理念进行围手术期管理,并且术中应用喷凝止血的方式对肾实质进行止血;传统组采取传统方式进行围手术期管理。比较两组病人的手术时间、术中出血量、术中肾热缺血时间、术后首次肛门排气时间、术后疼痛水平、腹膜外引流管拔除时间、术后住院天数、术后第1天肌酐水平。结果 传统组和观察组手术时间、术后第1天肌酐水平差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。观察组术中热缺血时间短[（23.3±4.1）min比（33.9±4.3）min],术中出血量少[（91.4±10.5）mL比（145.2±9.3）mL],术后首次肛门排气时间短（22.9±4.8）h比（30.3±3.8）h],术后疼痛评分降低[（3.6±1.3）分比（5.6±1.2）分],腹膜外引流管拔除时间提前[（1.2±0.4）d比（2.2±0.4）d],术后住院天数少[（4....     

脊柱转移瘤术前动脉栓塞研究进展

More than 60% of spinal metastases are hypervascular tumors. Intraoperative bleeding often occurred in the surgery for spinal metastases in the past. Therefore, it is necessary to take some preoperativ...     

宫颈内口成形术在完全性前置胎盘伴胎盘植入患者剖宫产术分娩中的应用

目的探讨宫颈内口成形术治疗完全性前置胎盘伴胎盘植入孕妇剖宫产术分娩大出血的有效性和安全性。 方法选择2012年1月至2018年5月,在四川大学华西第二医院确诊为完全性前置胎盘伴胎盘植入,并且在剖宫产术分娩中采用宫颈内口成形术进行止血的56例孕妇为研究对象,纳入研究组。按照随机数字表法,随机抽取同期在本院因完全性前置胎盘伴胎盘植入进行剖宫产术分娩,并且于术中采用其他缝合止血技术进行止血的60例孕妇纳入对照组。回顾性分析2组孕妇围手术期结局指标,其中2组孕妇产后大出血率、术中输血率、止血治疗有效率等比较,采用χ²检验;2组孕妇手术时间、术后住院时间及住院费用等比较,采用成组t检验。本研究遵循的程序符合四川大学华西第二医院人体试验委员会所制定的伦理学标准,并得到该委员会批准[审批文号：(2014)伦审批第(27)号]。 结果①2组孕妇年龄、孕次、产次、孕龄及剖宫产术分娩史、既往宫腔操作史和急诊剖宫产术分娩者所占比例等一般临床资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。②研究组孕妇止血治疗有效率为92.9%(52/56),明显高于对照组的73.3%(44/60),2组比较,差异有统计学意义(χ²＝8.773,P＝0.003)。③研究组与对照组孕妇产后大出血率、术中输血率、手术时间、术后住院时间、住院费用分别为41.1%(23/56)与43.3%(26/60)、28.6%(16/56)与25.0%(15/60)、(66.7±22.5)min与(69.5±22.0)min、(4.6±1.1) d与(5.1±1.6) d、(2.09±0.09)万元与(2.22±0.11)万元,2组上述指标分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(χ²＝0.062,P＝0.805;χ²＝0.194,P＝0.661;t＝0.661,P＝0.510;t＝1.852,P＝0.067;t＝0.935,P＝0.356)。2组孕妇无一例发生手术及大出血相关并发症。 结论采用宫颈内口成形术,对完全性前置胎盘伴胎盘植入孕妇剖宫产术分娩大出血进行止血治疗,安全、有效。因本研究仅为回顾性研究,该技术在临床推广应用价值,还需要大样本、多中心、随机对照研究结果证实。     

桡动脉穿刺介入术后止血方法的比较

目的:比较不同止血方法在桡动脉穿刺介入术后的止血效果,并探讨其护理方法及效果.方法:选取于本院进行桡动脉穿刺介入术干预的84例患者为研究对象,将其随机分为A组(加压弹力绷带组)42例和B组(桡动脉充气止血器组)42例,对两组均进行针对性护理,并将两组的肿胀、疼痛及麻木程度、止血时间及干预前后的局部微循环指标进行统计及比较.结果:B组的肿胀、疼痛及麻木程度均轻于A组,止血时间短于A组,干预后不同时间的局部微循环优于A组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),且两组均对护理满意率为100.00％.结论:桡动脉充气止血器在桡动脉穿刺介入术后止血中的效果相对较好,辅以针对性护理更受患者欢迎.     

血浆止血标志物与静止性腔隙性梗死的关系

目的探讨血浆止血标志物浓度与静止性腔隙性梗死间的关系。方法选择131例核磁共振(MRI)检查发现腔隙性梗死而无临床症状的患者,与143例年龄和性别相匹配、MRI检查无腔隙性梗死的对照组,观察血浆止血标志物与腔隙性梗死间的关系。结果在调整年龄、性别等因素后,静止性腔隙性梗死患者的血管性血友病因子(vWF)、纤维蛋白原、D二聚体和β血小板球蛋白(β-TG)浓度明显高于对照组,而纤溶酶原、组织纤溶酶原激活物(tPA)抗原、纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1(PAI-1)抗原、可溶性血栓调节蛋白(sTM)和C反应蛋白浓度与对照组相比无明显变化。结论 vWF、纤维蛋白原、D二聚体和纤维蛋白原与静止性腔隙性梗死明显相关,提示止血因子改变参与腔隙性梗死的发生,为腔隙性梗死的临床预防提供理论依据。     

Gelatin-based hemostatic agents for medical and dental application at a glance: A narrative literature review

Uncontrolled bleeding is linked to higher treatment costs, risk of post-surgical infection and increased disease and death. Hemostatic agents are used to treat excessive bleeding. A good hemostatic agent controls bleeding effectively, reduces the need for blood transfusion, removes the need for systemic drugs to control bleeding, results in shorter surgery time, and reduces the cost and length of hospital stay of the patient. Gelatin-based hemostatic agents have been widely used in medical and dental procedures, owing to their biodegradability and biocompatibility, as well as availability and low cost of raw materials. In this narrative literature review, we discuss the background and different types of gelatin-based hemostatic agents in medical and dental procedures, the comparison of gelatin-based and non-gelatin-based hemostatic agents, and the usage and development of enhanced or novel gelatin-based hemostatic agents. Gelatin-based hemostatic agents are effective and important part of bleeding control, as evidenced by its wide application in medicine and dentistry. The development of novel combination gelatin-based hemostatic agents has much potential for effective control of excessive bleeding.     

Predicting excessive hemorrhage in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients undergoing posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion

Background contextBlood loss in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) who are undergoing posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion (PSIF) varies greatly. The reason for this wide range is not clear. There are reports of unexpected massive hemorrhage during these surgeries. Many studies reflect authors' preferences for describing blood loss in terms of levels fused, weight, or percent blood volume.PurposeWe sought to define excessive blood loss clinically, determine its incidence in our study population, and identify associated variables. Results are intended to inform perioperative preparation for these cases. Results may be used to inform prospective study designs.Study designThis was a retrospective uncontrolled case series.Patient sampleA total of 311 consecutive AIS PSIF cases during the years 2005–2010 performed at Children's Hospital Colorado were studied.Outcome measuresWe measured estimated blood loss (EBL) and its association with multiple patient, surgical, and anesthetic variables.MethodsThirty-one variables potentially related to blood loss were collected retrospectively from electronic medical records for analysis. When no cases of clearly excessive blood loss were identified on the basis of visual examination of EBL distribution, we chose to use the top 10% of blood loss cases as an arbitrary determinant of excessive blood loss. Three cut-off strategies captured the top 10% of EBL cases with little variation in who was selected: 1) >1,700 mL of EBL, 2) >50% EBL/estimated blood volume, and 3) >150 mL/level fused EBL. Variables were compared with the χ² test, Fisher exact, or t-tests, when appropriate. A generalized linear mixed logistic model was used to determine the probability of excessive blood loss based on the number of levels fused.ResultsThe average EBL was 89.17 mL/level fused (range, 45–133 mL). EBL fit a progressively wider distribution as surgical complexity (number of levels fused) increased. Number of levels fused (p<.0001), operative time (p=.0139), number of screws (p<.0001), and maximal preoperative Cobb angle (p=.0491) were significantly associated with excessive blood loss. The variable that was most strongly associated with excessive blood loss was the number of levels fused, with ≥12 levels having a probability of >10% of excessive hemorrhage.ConclusionExcessive blood loss may be an arbitrary number until future research suggests otherwise. We show that the probability of exceeding one of our arbitrary definitions is approximately 10% when 12 or more levels are fused. If a 10% incidence of excessive blood loss is determined to be clinically relevant, teams might wish to pursue hematologic consultation and maximal blood conservation strategy when 12 or more levels are planned for fusion.