学校人际关系与学生心理健康的相关研究

目的 调查学校人际关系与中小学生心理健康的相关状况，为改善学校人际关系提供依据。方法 采取问卷调查和心理测量相结合的方法，采取整群随机抽取大连地区城乡中小学生731人。结果 中小学生的师生关系困扰程度与学生心理健康水平存在显著的相关性（F=52．65P〈0．001），同学关系困扰程度与学生心理健康水平有非常显著的相关性（F=70．57 P〈0．001）。结论 现实中学校人际关系与中小学生心理健康之间有着显著相关。学校人际关系的困扰程度影响学生的心理健康，师生关系、同学关系的困扰程度随年级的增长而增强，学生心理问题的严重性也显示出随着年级的增长而增强的趋势。     

儿童期社交退缩与人际关系的研究综述

目的 对近20年关于儿童退缩和人际关系相关的研究结果进行总结，了解退缩儿童的人际关系特点。方法 利用文献法整合国内外的相关研究，对儿童退缩和亲子关系、同伴关系和师生关系3种人际关系的相关的研究结果进行总结分析。结果 3种人际关系对儿童退缩行为的产生和发展有直接的、重要的影响。结论 社交退缩儿童具有不良的人际关系，通过改善儿童人际关系，将有助于矫正儿童退缩行为。     

青少年归因方式与人际信任的关系

目的探求青少年归因方式与人际信任的关系。方法运用一般情况调查表、I—E量表、信任量表对413名青少年进行测查。结果①青少年的归因方式在性别、是否留守上均存在显著差异；②青少年的人际信任在性别、是否留守上均不存在显著差异；③青少年的归因方式对人际信任有极其显著的影响。结论青少年的归因方式极其显著地影响其人际信任。     

The failed repressor: EEG asymmetry as a moderator of the relation between defensiveness and depressive symptoms

This study assessed the joint effects of defensiveness and frontal asymmetry in predicting symptoms of depression and anxiety. Depression symptoms were measured with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and anxiety symptoms with the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMAS). Defensiveness was assessed with both the Marlowe Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MCSD) and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire L scale (EPQL). Participants completed two EEG recording sessions 3 weeks apart. Six baselines, three eyes open and three eyes closed, were recorded in each session. Alpha power (8–13 Hz) was computed and log transformed. R–L asymmetry was computed at eight pairs of homologous sites for aggregated data. Defensiveness (EPQL and MCSD scores) and depression symptoms (BDI) were assessed at the beginning of the first session. L and MCSD correlated positively with anterior R–L asymmetries. For both scales, the highest correlations were observed at F8–F7. L interacted with F8–F7 asymmetry to predict depressive symptoms. Among left frontally active individuals, there was trend toward a negative correlation between L and BDI. Among the right frontally active individuals, the correlation between L and the BDI was positive. MCSD did not moderate the relation between F8–F7 asymmetry and BDI. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that defensiveness protects against symptoms of depression in the context of left frontal activity, and serves as a diathesis for depression in the context of right frontal activity. High-defensive individuals who are right frontally active may represent “failed repressors,” i.e. individuals for whom defensiveness does not protect against depression, and may even exacerbate it.     

汉区少数民族学生文化疏离感研究

目的:提出文化疏离感的操作性定义和初步的理论构想,为我国少数民族的文化认同和文化适应,以及少数民族青少年的教育培养提供比较重要的参考资料,为疏离感理论的丰富起到一定积极作用.方法:自编<汉区少数民族学生文化疏离感量表>,进行信效度考察以后对678名汉区少数民族学生进行调查.结果:1.文化疏离感及其四个子维度在地区主效应上均表现出显著差异,在年龄主效应上差异不显著;文化分离感和不和谐感在性别主效应上差异显著.2.文化疏离感及其两个子维度(文化孤立感和文化分离感)在年龄和地区,以及在年龄、地区和性别的交互作用上均表现出显著差异.3.影响文化疏离感及其文化孤立感、文化分离感、被控感三个维度的主要变量是学生小学前后居住地区的改变,而影响不和谐感的主要变量是性别.结论:小学前后居住地的改变会影响少数民族学生文化疏离感.     

珠海市职业高中学生人际间暴力的相关因素分析

目的了解高中学生人际间暴力的现状、发生原因及危险因素,为有效防控校园暴力提供依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法对586名珠海市职业高中学生进行问卷调查。结果被调查的学生在12个月内,有286人遭受人际间暴力,总发生率为48.81%,其中语言暴力占44.82%,躯体暴力占38.22%,性暴力占16.96%。年龄相仿的同校男生是主要的施暴者,其次为教职工;校外是主要的施暴场所,其次是校内;最主要的施暴原因是无缘无故即兴所为,其次与恋爱有关;暴力事件对学生的影响从无到身心健康严重受损均存在。报复是主要的应对方式。同学是主要的倾诉对象。男生、学习差、本地户口、家庭结构不完整、激惹他人是主要的危险因素。结论珠海市职业高中学生人际间暴力问题严重,必须尽快采取有效措施予以预防和控制。     

Binge Eating Disorder: A Psychiatrist's Commentary on Clinical Considerations

PurposeOf the 3 major eating disorders, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder (BED), BED is the most common and exists in the practices of most primary care and psychiatric clinicians. However, BED often goes unrecognized and thus untreated.MethodsReviewed in this commentary are the basic elements in the diagnosis of BED, demographic and clinical characteristics, screening options, the importance of comorbidities, pathophysiology, and available treatments.FindingsPsychological treatments, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, interpersonal therapy, and behavioral weight loss, have been recommended as first-line options and are supported by several different meta-analytic reviews. Lisdexamfetamine is currently the only medication approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of BED. Effect sizes for lisdexamfetamine versus placebo for response, remission, and avoidance of relapse in BED are robust, but its use may be limited by tolerability. This is also the case for topiramate, an anticonvulsant that has been used “off-label” to treat BED.ImplicationsAdditional medication choices approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of BED are needed. Moving forward, opportunities to leverage modern technology to broaden access to treatment are highly desirable.