EEG power spectral density under Propofol and its association with burst suppression,a marker of cerebral fragility

ObjectiveUnder General Anesthesia (GA), age and Burst Suppression (BS) are associated with cognitive postoperative complications, yet how these parameters are related to per-operative EEG and hypnotic doses is unclear. In this prospective study, we address this question comparing age and BS occurrences with a new score (BP_TIVA) based on Propofol doses, EEG and alpha-band power spectral densities, evaluated for SEF₉₅ = 8–13 Hz.Methods59 patients (55 [34–67] yr, 67% female) undergoing neuroradiology or orthopedic surgery were included. Total IntraVenous Anesthesia was used for Propofol and analgesics infusion. Cerebral activity was monitored from a frontal electrodes montage EEG.ResultsBP_TIVA was inversely correlated with age (Pearson r = −0.78, p < 0.001), and was significantly lower (p < 0.001) when BS occurred during the GA first minutes (induction). Additionally, the age-free BP_TIVA score was better associated with BS at induction than age (AUC = 0.94 versus 0.82, p < 0.05).ConclusionWe designed BP_TIVA score based on hypnotics and EEG. It was correlated with age yet was better associated to BS occurring during GA induction, the latter being a cerebral fragility sign.SignificanceThis advocate for an approach based on evaluating the cerebral physiological age (« brain age ») to predict postoperative cognitive evolution.     

Differences in the Course of Alcohol Withdrawal in Women and Men: A Polish Sample

A retrospective study compared the course of alcohol withdrawal, including delirium tremens, in women and men hospitalized in the Nowowiejski Hospital in Warsaw from 1973 to 1987. Medical records pertaining to 1179 patients were analyzed; 13.8% of these patients were women and 86.2% were men. The study showed that women began intensive alcohol drinking later than men ( p < 0.0001), but the period between the onset of alcohol abuse and the first occurrence of alcohol withdrawal was shorter in women than in men ( p < 0.0001). In the period of heavy drinking before hospitalization, women consumed significantly less alcohol then men ( p < 0.0001); moreover, women drank nonbeverage alcohol less frequently than men ( p < 0.05). Women were hospitalized substantially longer than men ( p < 0.0001), whereas the duration of alcohol withdrawal symptoms at the time of hospitalization was comparable in both groups. Withdrawal seizures were significantly more frequent among men than among women ( p < 0.001). Significant differences in the patients'somatic conditions were not noted between the groups, with the exception of anemia and decreased potassium concentration, which were more frequently observed in women (both p < 0.0001), and of increased concentration of ALT and hypoproteinemia, which were more frequent in men (respectively, p < 0.05 and p < 0.01). Co-existing personality disorders, depressive disorders, and anxiety disorders—as well as abuse of benzodiazepines and barbiturates—were more frequently observed in women ( p < 0.0001). The period between the first hospitalization due to alcohol withdrawal and the time of death was significantly shorter in men than in women ( p < 0.05). The results point to differences in the conditions and the course of alcohol dependence and alcohol withdrawal between women and men.     

Identifying patients at risk for,and treatment of major psychiatric complications of cancer

A critically important aspect of supportive care in cancer is the prompt recognition and effective treatment of psychiatric complications. Psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety and delirium occur in a signifcant percentage of cancer patients, particularly as disease advances and as cancer treatments become more aggressive. This paper reviews factors that can be utilized to identify patients who are at increased risk for developing psychiatric complications, such as those with advanced disease, certain cancer treatments, uncontrolled physical symptoms, functional limitations, lack of social support, and past history of psychiatric disorder. Methods of diagnostic assessment and strategies for managing depression, anxiety, delirium and suicidal ideation are also reviewed.Presented as an invited lecture at the 6th International Symposium: Supportive Care in Cancer, New Orleans, La., USA, 2–5 March 1994     

慢性酒精中毒酒戒断的震颤谵妄发作危险因素探析

目的探讨慢性酒精中毒患者发生震颤谵妄(DT)的高危因素。方法把148例慢性酒精中毒患者按入院后是否出现震颤谵妄分为震颤谵妄组(DT)和非震颤谵妄组(NDT),观察他们的人口学资料(如性别、年龄、民族、婚姻状态等)、饮酒依赖史(饮酒的年限、饮酒品种、饮酒量、戒酒史等)、既往史、个人史、家族史、入院时的体征和症状(包括生命体征、戒断症状等)和身体状况等项目,描绘其临床特征,并对23项变量进行Logistic回归分析,筛选出慢性酒精中毒患者发生震颤谵妄的高危险因素。结果148例慢性酒精中毒患者在住院期间发生震颤谵妄者共28例(占18.92%)。Logistic regression model结果显示慢性酒中毒者入院后发生震颤谵妄的具有显著相关意义的5个解释变量,即入院时观察指标中的急性感染疾病、心动过速、紧张焦虑状态、精神运动性兴奋和肝功能异常。结论出现震颤谵妄的慢性酒精中毒患者与未发生震颤谵妄的慢性酒精中毒患者在入院时的临床特征存在差异,对慢性酒精中毒患者入院时及之后监测急性感染疾病、心动过速、精神运动性兴奋、紧张焦虑状态和肝功能异常等5个高危因素,有利于及时有效的干预。     

Über die beziehungen zwischen halluzinationen im alkoholdelir and testpsychologisch objektivierbaren persönlichkeitsvariablen

Zusammenfassung Bei 83 Patienten, die sich wegen Delirium tremens bei chronischem Alkoholismus in der Psychiatrischen Universitätsklinik Würzburg zur stationären Behandlung befanden, wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen Auftreten und Qualität von Halluzinationen im Delir mit Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen im postdeliranten Statium untersucht. Die Persönlichkeitsmerkmale wurden in 13 Variablen kognitiver Leistungen und in 12 Variablen der Emotionalät t and der Motivation erfaßt. Es wurden der Status am Beginn des postdeliranten Stadiums auf diesen Variablen und ihre Veränderungen bei einer Kontrolle in der 4. Woche in die Berechnung einbezogen. Zwischen jener Patientengruppe, bei der Halluzinationen im Delir festgestellt wurden waren, and den Patienten, bei denen sich kein Hinweis auf Halluzinationen ergeben hatte, war weder im Ausgangszustand noch in den Veranderungen der Personlichkeitsvariablen im postdeliranten Stadium ein statistisch bedeutsamer Unterschied nachzuweisen. Hier gilt es allerdings zu beachten, daß der Anted der Patienten ohne Halluzinationen verhältnismäßig gering war. Deutliche Beziehungen ergaben sich dagegen zwischen der Gestaltung der Halluzinationen and den Persönlichkeitsvariblen: Patienten, die polymorph halluziniert hatten, wiesen geringere Leistungsdefizite und im affektiven Bereich deutlichere Zeichen der Ängstlichkeit auf als jene, die monomorph halluziniert hatten. Letztere hoben sich in der Affektivität durch Zeichen eher gehemmter Depressivität von ersteren ab. Die Restitution der kognitiven Fähigkeiten nahm bei den polymorph Halluzinierenden einen günstigeren Verlauf. Die wenigen Korrelationen, die sich zwischen Sinnesmodalitäten der Halluzinationen und Persönlichkeitsvariablen ergeben hatten, waren unter die Differenzierung zwischen poly und monomorpher Halluzination unterzuordnen.Die Untersuchung fand mit treundlicher Unterstützung des verstorbenen Direktors der Psychiatrischen Universitätsklinik Würzburg, Prof. Dr. Otto Schrappe, dessen die Autoren hier dankbar gedenken, start. Herr Schrappe gestattete die Datenerhebung in seiner Klinik, und er stand den Autoren his zur Fertigstellung des Manuskripts mit wertvollen Ratschlägen zur Seite.     

Probable Delirium and Associated Patient Characteristics in Long-Term Care and Complex Continuing Care: A Population-Based Observational Study

ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of probable delirium in long-term care (LTC) and complex continuing care (CCC) settings and to describe the resident characteristics associated with probable delirium.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional study using routinely collected administrative health data.Setting and ParticipantsAll LTC and CCC residents in Ontario, Canada, assessed with the Resident Assessment Instrument–Minimum Dataset (RAI-MDS) assessment between July 1, 2016, and December 31, 2016 (LTC n=86,454, CCC n=10,217).MethodsProbable delirium was identified via the delirium Clinical Assessment Protocol on the RAI-MDS assessment, which is triggered when individuals display at least 1 of 6 delirium symptoms that are of recent onset and different from their usual functioning. RAI-MDS assessments were linked to demographic and health services utilization databases to ascertain resident demographics and health status. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify characteristics associated with probable delirium, with adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) reported.ResultsDelirium was probable in 3.6% of LTC residents and 16.5% of CCC patients. LTC patients displayed fewer delirium symptoms than CCC patients. The most common delirium symptom in LTC was periods of lethargy (44.6% of delirium cases); in CCC, it was mental function varying over the course of the day (63.5% of delirium cases). The odds of probable delirium varied across individual demographics and health characteristics, with increased health instability having the strongest association with the outcome in both care settings (LTC: OR 30.4, 95% CI 26.2-35.3; CCC: OR 21.0, 95% CI 16.7-26.5 for high vs low instability).Conclusions and ImplicationsThere were differences in the presentation and burden of delirium symptoms between LTC and CCC, potentially reflecting differences in delirium severity or symptom identification. Several risk factors for probable delirium in LTC and CCC were identified that may be amenable to interventions to prevent this highly distressing condition.     

心理疏导联合精神护理在ICU谵妄患者中的效果

目的探讨心理疏导联合精神护理在重症加强护理病房(ICU)谵妄患者中的应用效果。方法将东莞市第五人民医院ICU于2017年1月-2018年9月收治的70例患者按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各35例。对照组给予常规护理,观察组在常规护理的基础上给予心理疏导联合精神护理,比较两组患者的护理效果、谵妄及生活质量评分。结果观察组护理总有效率为94.29%,高于对照组的74.29%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者护理后的谵妄评分均低于护理前;观察组护理后的谵妄评分低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者护理后的心理、生理、躯体功能3个维度评分均高于护理前;观察组护理后的心理、生理、躯体功能3个维度评分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论心理疏导联合精神护理应用于ICU谵妄患者中,可改善谵妄情况,提高护理效果及生活质量,值得临床推广应用。     

谵妄护理压力量表的汉化及信效度评价

目的 对谵妄护理压力量表（Strain of Care for Delirium Index,SCDI）进行汉化及信效度评价。方法 获得源量表开发者的授权后,采用Brislin法进行翻译、回译,并进行跨文化调适。调查337名具有谵妄患者护理经历的护士,采用临界比值法和相关系数法进行量表项目分析;探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析评价量表的效度;采用Cronbach α系数、重测信度评价量表的信度。结果 （1）中文版SCDI包含4个维度,20个条目。各条目与总分之间的相关系数为0.334～0.693（均P<0.05）,临界值为4.933～14.952（均P<0.05）。（2）探索性因子分析共提取出四个公因子,累计方差贡献率 63.638%,每个条目的因子负荷量为0.487～0.866（均＞0.45）;验证性因子分析显示,〖XC小五号.EPS;P〗/df为2.275、CFI为0.942、GFI为0.907、AGFI为0.875、RMSEA为0.062、RMR为0.021、IFI为0.943、TLI为0.929,模型的适配度良好。（3）总量表的Cronbach α系数是0.894,四个维度的 Cronbach α系数在 0.744～0.920之间;总量表的重测信度为0.898,四个维度的重测信度在 0.706～0.806之间。结论 中文版SCDI具有良好的信效度,可用于量化评估我国护理人员的谵妄护理压力。