Programmatic Costs of the Telehealth Ostomy Self-Management Training: An Application of Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing

ObjectivesProgrammatic cost assessment of novel clinical interventions can inform their widespread dissemination and implementation. This study aimed to determine the programmatic costs of a telehealth Ostomy Self-Management Training (OSMT) intervention for cancer survivors using Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing (TDABC) methodology.MethodsWe demonstrated a step-by-step application of TDABC based on a process map with core OSMT intervention activities and associated procedures and determined resource use and costs, per unit procedure. We also assessed per-patient costs from a payer perspective and provided estimates of total hours and costs by personnel, activity, and procedure.ResultsThe per-patient cost of the OSMT was $1758. Personnel time accounted for 91% of the total cost. Site supervisor and information technology technician time were the most expensive personnel resources. Telehealth technical and communication equipment accounted for 8% of the total cost. Intervention coordination and monitoring efforts represented most of the total time cost (62%), followed by the intervention delivery (35%). The procedures with the highest cost were communication via phone or virtual meetings (24%), email exchanges (18%), and telehealth session delivery (18%).ConclusionsFuture efforts to replicate, disseminate, and implement the OSMT intervention should anticipate funding for nonclinical components of the intervention, including coordination and monitoring, and consider how these activities can be performed most efficiently. For institutions without established telemedicine programs, selection of videoconferencing platforms and adequate staffing for participant technical support should be considered. Our step-by-step application of TDABC serves as a case study demonstrating how interventionists can gather data on resource use and costs of intervention activities concurrently with their collection of trial data.     

结直肠癌造口术后患者社会心理适应现状及影响因素分析

目的：调查结直肠癌造口术后患者的社会心理适应现状,并探讨其影响因素,为结直肠癌造口术后患者造口护理干预提供依据。方法：采用造口患者社会心理适应量表和自制的一般资料问卷对200例直肠癌造口术后患者进行调查,并对其进行有序逻辑回归分析。结果：造口患者的社会心理适应得分为42.46±12.99(11.00-79.00),处于中等水平,有序逻辑回归分析结果显示,工作情况、造口护理和造口类型是其危险因素。相对于无业的患者,在工作的患者其社会心理适应得分较低[OR = 2.61, 95%CI: 1.12 ~6.11; p =0.03];大部分时候依赖他人进行造口护理其社会心理适应得分越低[OR = 2.29, 95%CI: 1.21 ~4.35; p =0.01];回肠造口患者的社会心理适应得分低于结肠造口患者[OR = 2.03, 95%CI: 1.03 ~4.06; p =0.04]。结论：直肠癌造口术后患者的社会心理适应水平处于中等水平;工作情况、造口类型和造口自我护理是影响患者社会心理适应水平的重要危险因素,亦是直肠癌造口患者干预的重要方向。     

Methods for siting emergency stomas in the absence of a stoma therapist

Introduction

Stomas often have to be sited in emergencies by trainees who may have had little training in this. Emergency stomas and stomas where the site has not been marked preoperatively by a stoma therapist are more prone to complications. These complications may severely affect a patient’s quality of life. Advice in the literature on how to best site stomas is conflicting. We compared two easy anatomical methods of siting stomas to sites chosen by a stoma therapist and looked at how this site was affected by the patients’ body mass index (BMI).

Methods

Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery were seen either pre or postoperatively. Each patient’s BMI was recorded and the positions of three different potential stoma positions (site G: the gold standard, marked by a stoma therapist; site S: marked using a pair of scissors against the umbilicus; site H: halfway between the umbilicus and anterior superior iliac spine) were compared.

Results

The two fixed anatomical methods described (method S and method H) both gave poor results. The most common reason for poor siting was the proximity of a skin crease. There was a statistically significant correlation between the patient’s BMI and the laterality of the gold standard site.

Conclusions

The two simple anatomical methods described here do not provide a shortcut to effective siting. A more effective method may be calculating the laterality of the site using the patient’s BMI, and then moving up/down to avoid a skin crease and improve the patient’s view for changing the bag. This deserves further study.     

Review of stoma site and midline incisional hernias after stoma reversal

Background

The incidence of incisional hernias after stoma reversal is not well reported. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature reporting data on incisional hernias after stoma reversal. We evaluated both the incidence of stoma site and midline incisional hernias.

Methods

A systematic review identified studies published between January 1, 1980, and December 31, 2012, reporting the incidence of incisional hernia after stoma reversal at either the stoma site or at the midline incision (in cases requiring laparotomy). Pediatric studies were excluded. Assessment of risk of bias, detection method, and essential study-specific characteristics (follow-up duration, stoma type, age, body mass index, and so forth) was done.

Results

Sixteen studies were included in the analysis; 1613 patients had 1613 stomas formed. Fifteen studies assessed stoma site hernias and five studies assessed midline incisional hernias. The median (range) incidence of stoma site incisional hernias was 8.3% (range 0%–33.9%) and for midline incisional hernias was 44.1% (range 8.7%–58.1%). When evaluating only studies with a low risk of bias, the incidence for stoma site incisional hernias is closer to one in three and for midline incisional hernias is closer to one in two.

Conclusion

Stoma site and midline incisional hernias are significant clinical complications of stoma reversals. The quality of studies available is poor and heterogeneous. Future prospective randomized controlled trials or observational studies with standardized follow-up and outcome definitions/measurements are needed.     

改进排便可控性乙状结肠造口术的临床应用研究

目的 探讨改进排便可控性乙状结肠造口术的临床应用效果.方法 选择60例乙状结肠造口患者,其中采用结肠储袋（结肠成形术）＋悬吊成角＋经腹膜外永久性结肠造口术30例（试验组）,常规经腹膜外永久性结肠造口术30例（对照组）,比较两组患者术后6个月和12个月的造口并发症发生情况、人工肛门功能、心理障碍、生活质量以及相关肿瘤标志物水平.结果 对照组术后6,12个月分别有9例（30.00％,9/30）、3例（10.00％,3/30）出现不同程度的并发症.试验组术后6,12个月分别有4例（13.33％,4/30）和1例（3.33％,1/30）出现不同程度的并发症.两组造口并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.随着时间延长试验组排便控制能力和每天排便次数逐步增强,试验组术后12个月有18例（60.00％,18/30）可自主控便,14例（46.67％,14/30）每天排便次数≤3次,而在对照组分别为11例（36.67％,11/30）和8例（26.67％,8/30）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.术后12个月,试验组社交障碍、自卑、焦虑、失望发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.两组在悲观、孤独、恐惧方面比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.在生活质量核心调查量表评估中,两组术后12个月除认识功能、经济困难比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）外,其余各领域得分试验组均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜ 0.05或＜0.01）.在结直肠癌专用量表中,术后12个月各领域得分试验组均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01或＜0.05）.术后12个月,试验组癌胚抗原、癌抗原125和癌抗原199水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 改进排便可控性乙状结肠造口术能使患者在不增加并发症的前提下达到排便可控或相对可控,提高患者生活质量,值得在临床中进一步推广应用.     

伤口造口失禁专科护士培训体系的构建

目的构建具有较强科学性和实用性的伤口造口失禁专科护士培训体系,为伤口造口失禁专科护士的准入、培养、考核和认证提供理论基础。方法通过查阅文献和半结构式访谈,拟定伤口造口失禁专科护士培训体系的咨询问卷。采用德尔菲法,对20名护理管理、伤口造口失禁护理、护理教育领域的专家进行2轮咨询。结果专家的权威系数为0.93,培训体系的协调系数为0.479。构建的伤口造口失禁专科护士培训体系内容包括培训目标、培训过程、考核评价、资格认证4个部分。其中,培训目标部分包含一级指标6项,二级指标32项;培训过程部分包含一级指标5项,二级指标15项,三级指标70项;考核评价部分包含一级指标4项,二级指标7项;资格认证包含一级指标2项,二级指标2项。结论伤口造口失禁专科护士培训体系构建过程科学,内容设置合理,对开展专科护士培训具有较好的指导意义。     

多功能蝶形底盘造口袋在治疗失禁相关性皮炎中的应用

目的探讨多功能蝶形底盘造口袋引流大便治疗失禁相关性皮炎(IAD)的应用效果。方法采用便利抽样法,选择2019年1—9月入住浙江省人民医院ICU因大便失禁而发生IAD的84例患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将其分为观察组(42例)和对照组(42例)。对照组采用IAD皮肤管理三部曲联合普通造口袋,观察组采用IAD皮肤管理三部曲联合多功能蝶形底盘造口袋。比较两组患者的IAD治疗总有效率、治疗IAD护理人员的护理时间以及造口袋平均留置时间、造口袋平均使用时间、更换频次、两组患者家属满意度。结果观察组患者的IAD治疗总有效率为95.24%(40/42),高于对照组的73.81%(31/42),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组所用护理时间为(1.89±0.32)h/d,短于对照组的(5.73±1.64)h/d,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组的留置时间为(5.20±0.40)d/人,短于对照组的(9.40±1.20)d/人,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组的使用时间为(98.27±12.18)h/袋,长于对照组的(72.18±4.63)h/袋,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组的更换频次为(1.20±0.10)次/人,短于对照组的(3.10±0.70)次/人,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组的家属满意度高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论相较于传统的造口袋,多功能蝶形底盘造口袋可有效治疗IAD,缩短治疗IAD所用护理时间,延长造口袋使用时间,减少平均留置时间和更换频次,提升家属满意度,可在临床推广。     

造口袋安装钩的制作与应用

结肠回肠造口由于没有任何肌肉控制，排泄物的排放是不由自主的，如果造口周围的皮肤被肠道排泄物浸渍的时间太长，易引起皮肤破损。因此肠造口的术后患者，使用改进的腰带式造口袋，既经济安全，又方便实用。但在将一次性塑料粪袋安装在造口袋的圆环上时较困难。为此，我们自行制作了一种安装钩，经40例患者使用，取得了较好的效果，现介绍如下。