术前眼位注视训练对老年白内障超声乳化摘除术患者术中眼位及术后视力恢复的影响

目的探讨术前眼位注视训练对老年白内障超声乳化摘除术患者术中眼位及术后视力恢复的影响。方法选取2018年9月-2019年9月我院收治的105例老年白内障超声乳化摘除术患者为研究对象,按随机数字表法将其分为对照组52例和试验组53例。对照组给予常规围术期管理。观察组在对照组的基础上予以术前眼位注视训练。观察两组术中眼位情况,术后视力恢复情况及术后并发症发生率。结果试验组术中调整眼位次数>3次和眼球旋转偏移率均低于对照组(P<0.05);试验组术后视力恢复至0.5以上比例为60.38%,高于对照组的40.38%(P<0.05);试验组术后并发症发生率为15.09%,低于对照组的32.69%(P<0.05)。结论老年白内障超声乳化摘除术患者术前进行眼位注视训练,通过降低术中调整眼位次数和眼球旋转偏移率,降低术后并发症发生率,促进患者术后视力恢复。     

Transient left bundle branch block after posture change to the prone position during general anesthesia: A case report

Rationale:The prone position is commonly used in spinal surgery. There have been many studies on hemodynamic changes in the prone position during general anesthesia. We report a rare case of transient left bundle branch block (LBBB) in a prone position.Patient concern:Electrocardiogram (ECG) of a 64-year-old man scheduled for spinal surgery showed normal sinus rhythm change to LBBB after posture change to the prone position.Diagnosis:Twelve lead ECG revealed LBBB. His coronary angio-computed tomography results showed right coronary artery with 30% to 40% stenosis and left circumflex artery with 40% to 50% stenosis. The patient was diagnosed with stable angina and second-degree atrioventricular block of Mobitz type II.Intervention:Nitroglycerin was administered intravenously during surgery. Adequate oxygen was supplied to the patient. After surgery, the patient was prescribed clopidogrel, statins, angiotensin II receptor blocker, and a permanent pacemaker was inserted.Outcome:Surgery was completed without complications. After surgery, the transient LBBB changed to a normal sinus rhythm. The patient did not complain of chest pain or dyspnea.Lesson:The prone position causes significant hemodynamic changes. A high risk of cardiovascular disease may cause ischemic heart disease and ECG changes. Therefore, careful management is necessary.     

早期瘢痕妊娠的MRI的表现和诊断价值

目的分析早期剖宫产瘢痕妊娠(CSP)的MRI表现,以提高对这类产科危重症诊断的准确性。方法2017年1月至2019年6月期间,对我院经过手术和病理证实的剖宫产手术后宫腔内瘢痕处早期妊娠的22例患者的MRI资料进行回顾性分析,所有患者均采用MR平扫+增强进行检查,将MRI表现与手术、病理所见进行对照分析。结果单纯孕囊型患者21例,团块型病灶患者1例。瘢痕区呈深V状5例,深U状14例,线或细带状3例。孕囊外壁T2WI可显示低信号线11例,孕囊内壁显示低信号线12例。DWI孕囊呈环状混杂等高信号。增强扫描孕囊呈轻中度环状强化。T2WI、DWI、T1WI增强序列对囊壁内外壁的显示有不同的价值。结论MRI多序列扫描,有助于综合判读孕囊绒毛膜与瘢痕接触的程度,推测孕囊可能的植入部位,对于孕早期CSP诊断具有重要价值。     

The impact of a total knee arthroplasty on jaw movements,upper body posture,plantar pressure distribution,and postural control

ABSTRACT

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of a total knee arthroplasty (TKA) on linked cranial and caudal structures.

Methods: Thirty-five (14f/21m) subjects participated in this study: 15 subjects (9f, 6m) pre- and post- TKA and a control group of 20 subjects (5f, 15m). The measurements included: jaw condyle position and movement, back scan, plantar pressure distribution, and body sway.

Results: There were no significant differences in electronic position analysis of the jaw; however, the protrusion of the TKA group improved (p = 0.001). The test group had a more anteriorly inclined thoracic spine and a less pronounced lumbar lordosis. Before and after surgery, the body sway in the test group was larger.

Conclusion: The TKA affected most prominently the static mechanisms of the postural control and the spine position. The trajectories of the mandible during protrusion also changed slightly.     

Germline gain-of-function MMP11 variant results in an aggressive form of colorectal cancer

Matrix metalloproteinase-11 (MMP11) is an enzyme with proteolytic activity against matrix and nonmatrix proteins. Although most MMPs are secreted as inactive proenzymes and are later activated extracellularly, MMP11 is activated intracellularly by furin within the constitutive secretory pathway. It is a key factor in physiological tissue remodeling and its alteration may play an important role in the progression of epithelial malignancies and other diseases. TCGA colon and colorectal adenocarcinoma data showed that upregulation of MMP11 expression correlates with tumorigenesis and malignancy. Here, we provide evidence that a germline variant in the MMP11 gene (NM_005940: c.232C>T; p.(Pro78Ser)), identified by whole exome sequencing, can increase the tumorigenic properties of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. P78S is located in the prodomain region, which is responsible for blocking MMP11's protease activity. This variant was detected in the proband and all the cancer-affected family members analyzed, while it was not detected in healthy relatives. In silico analyses predict that P78S could have an impact on the activation of the enzyme. Furthermore, our in vitro analyses show that the expression of P78S in HCT116 cells increases tumor cell invasion and proliferation. In summary, our results show that this variant could modify the structure of the MMP11 prodomain, producing a premature or uncontrolled activation of the enzyme that may contribute to an early CRC onset in these patients. The study of this gene in other CRC cases will provide further information about its role in CRC development, which might improve patient treatment in the future.     

Dengue vaccine: WHO position paper,September 2018 – Recommendations

This article presents the World Health Organization’s (WHO) recommendations on the use of dengue vaccine excerpted from the WHO position paper on dengue vaccine – September 2018, published in the Weekly Epidemiological Record [1]. This position paper replaces the July 2016 WHO position paper concerning the first licensed dengue vaccine, CYD-TDV [2]. The position paper presents new evidence that became available in November 2017. A retrospective analysis of data from clinical trials, using a new serological assay classified trial participants according to their dengue serostatus prior to receipt of the first vaccine dose. The analysis revealed an excess risk of severe dengue in seronegative vaccine recipients compared to seronegative non-vaccinated individuals, while confirming long-term protection in seropositive individuals [3]. The paper provides revised guidance on dengue vaccination strategies from a population health perspective.Footnotes to this paper provide a number of core references including references to grading tables that assess the quality of the scientific evidence, and to the evidence-to-recommendation table. In accordance with its mandate to provide guidance to Member States on health policy matters, WHO issues a series of regularly updated position papers on vaccines and combinations of vaccines against diseases that have an international public health impact. These papers are concerned primarily with the use of vaccines in large-scale immunization programmes; they summarize essential background information on diseases and vaccines, and conclude with WHO's current position on the use of vaccines in the global context. Recommendations on the use of dengue vaccine CYD-TDV were discussed by SAGE in April 2018; evidence presented at the meeting can be accessed at: http://www.who.int/immunization/sage/meetings/2018/april/presentations_background_docs/en/     

Effect of body position on qualitative and quantitative ultrasound assessment of gastric fluid contents

We assessed the impact of raising the upper section of the bed, and patient positioning, on ultrasound assessment of gastric fluid contents. We performed ultrasound examinations in 25 subjects lying on their back, left and right sides at bed angles of 0°, 30°, 45° and 90°; this was carried out while the subjects were fasted, and repeated 10 min after drinking ≥ 50 ml water. After drinking, gastric contents were detected more frequently in the 45° semirecumbent position compared with the supine and 30° positions. The diagnostic performance of the Perlas qualitative grading scale to detect gastric fluid volume > 1.5 ml.kg⁻¹ was improved at 45°, compared with 0° and 30° angles. The use of a composite ultrasound grading scale at a 45° angle was associated with the best performance, with a sensitivity and specificity of 82%. Antral cross-sectional area was significantly increased when measured in the right lateral position, but there was no effect of raising the bed. In conclusion, raising the upper section of the bed significantly affected qualitative assessment of gastric fluid contents. Further studies are required to determine the most appropriate composite ultrasound grading scale and bed angle for fast and reliable qualitative ultrasound detection of fluid volumes > 1.5 ml.kg⁻¹.