Impact of Transcatheter Occlusion of a Patent Ductus Arteriosus on Atrial Septal Defect Diameter in Children

Background. A persistent patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) may delay closure of a coexisting atrial septal defect (ASD) due to volume loading and enlargement of the left atrium. The purpose of this study was to investigate the natural history of ASD size in patients with a PDA following transcatheter PDA occlusion. Methods. All patients with an ASD and a PDA who underwent transcatheter PDA occlusion at Texas Children’s Hospital were identified. Patients with ASD diameter <3 mm, or additional cardiac defects were excluded. Eight patients (7 females) with small‐ to moderate‐sized ASDs and a PDA were identified. Patient demographics, echocardiographic data, and cardiac catheterization data were recorded. Data were analyzed by 1‐tailed t‐test. Results. Following PDA occlusion, ASD diameter decreased in 6 of 8 patients by a mean of 3.8 mm (±2.3 mm), including 2 that closed. The median duration of follow‐up was 689 days. One ASD remained unchanged and 1 increased in size. The mean maximum ASD diameter decreased from 6.4 mm (±2.2 mm) to 3.9 mm (±3.4 mm) (P = .03). Two patients underwent subsequent transcatheter ASD occlusion. Conclusion. Following transcatheter PDA occlusion, small‐ to moderate‐sized ASDs have significant probability to decrease in size, and possibly close. In infants and children, we recommend transcatheter PDA occlusion, and serial follow‐up of the size of the ASD. This will allow many small‐ to moderate‐sized ASDs to either close, or become smaller, obviating the need for future intervention.     

多普勒超声心动图对主动脉夹层诊断的评价

本文报道了5例主动脉夹层的多普勒超声心动图的阳性所见,其中4例为DeBakey Ⅲ型,1例为Ⅰ型。其阳性所见;(1)4例降主动脉增宽,1例升主动脉增宽;(2)与脉搏同步的摆动性内膜瓣在腹主动脉内最清楚见到,并在收缩期有红色血流填充;(3)2例在主动脉弓远端可见撕裂口;(4)降主动脉双腔形成,真腔内有彩色血流填充,假腔内则无。以上阳性所见对诊断本病起重要作用。     

超声引导下临时心脏起搏电极心内定位的临床应用

目的：探讨应用超声引导临时心脏起搏电极心内定位的可行性和这一新方法的实用价值。方法：经皮穿刺右侧颈内静脉或右侧锁骨下静脉,在超声引导下将起搏电极送至右室心尖部进行临时起搏。结果：21例患者均能顺利地将电极定位在右室心尖部并能成功起搏。结论：应用超声替代X光行临时心脏起搏器安装术具有实用价值,值得临床推广应用。     

左室重量与左心功能不全相关性的研究

目的：研究可否用左室重量表达并判定左心功能不全的可能性。方法：将左心功能不全按NYHA标准分成4个级别,每级1组,并设正常对照组,用超声心动图测量同一个病人的左室射血分数（LVEF）和左室重量。用SAS统计软件做方差分析。结果：LVEF与左心功能不全高度负相关（R＝－0．77270）,左室重量与左心功能不全高度正相关（R＝0．73421）。LVEF、左室重量各级指标间差别显著（n＝153,F＝64．85,P＜0．01;n＝153,F＝53．39,P＜0．0001）。各级与对照组比统,LVEF指标从Ⅱ级开始方有显著差别（P＜0．05）;而左室重量指标从Ⅰ级开始就有显著差别（P＜0．05）。结论：LVEF与左室重量指标均与左心功能不全高度相关,但心功能Ⅰ级的病人,左室重量指标更为敏感。     

脑梗死并高血压病患者左心功能的研究

目的探讨脑梗死合并高血压病患者左心功能的变化。方法以脑梗死合并高血压病患者(50例)为A组,以单纯高血压病患者(50例)和单纯脑梗死患者(50例)为B组,收集他们的相关超声学指标(左心室收缩功能指标:心指数、射血分数、短轴缩短率;舒张功能指标:等容舒张时间、E/A比值、E波减速时间;整体功能指标:Tei指数;左心房功能指标:左心房内径),采用方差分析及q检验进行统计分析。结果与B组相比,A组的左心室收缩功能无显著改变(P>0.05),左心室舒张功能、整体功能及左心房功能均降低(P<0.05)。结论脑梗死并高血压病患者左心室收缩功能无明显受损,左心室舒张功能及左心房功能明显受损。     

老年人亚临床心功能不全及其相关因素研究

目的　了解老年人亚临床心功能不全与部分因素的相关性及其治疗时机的选择。方法　以超声心动图检查 2 0 6例老年住院病人(其中男 1 72例 ,女 34例 ) ,年龄 70～ 94岁 (平均 80 .2 6± 5.52岁 ) ,观察 RVDd、 LVIDd、 L VIDs、 IVSd、 IVSs、 MVE- F、 AOroot、 SV、 FS、L VEF、 LVmass、HR等 1 2个指标 ,运用 SPSS统计软件 ,分析上述参数与病人的年龄、性别、身高、体重的相关性。结果　性别与 AOroot、SV呈负相关 (即男性编码 0 ,女性编码 1 ;男性 AOroot、 SV大于女性 ) ;年龄与 RVDd、 L VIDd、 IVSs呈负相关 ;身高与 IVSs、 SV呈正相关 ;体重与 RVDd、IVSs、SV呈正相关。结论　老年人心脏功能随增龄而减退 ,主要表现在舒张功能指标的下降 ,部分收缩功能指标与性别、身高、体重相关 ;在 LVEF<50 %的病例中 73.1 5%基本无临床症状 (心功能评定为 NYHA ～ 级 ) ,因此认为老年人存在亚临床心功能不全     

心尖肥厚型心肌病的MRI与超声心动图对比研究

目的分析心尖肥厚型心肌病(AHCM)的MRI与超声心动图影像征象,比较MRI与超声心动图对心尖肥厚型心肌病的诊断价值。材料与方法对21例心尖型肥厚型心肌病患者(男16例,女5例)行心脏MRI、超声心动图、心电图等检查。结果 21例患者心脏MRI均提示心尖部心肌肥厚,单纯型P-AHCM13例,单纯型T-AHCM 1例,混合型P-AHCM 1例,混合型T-AHCM 6例。7例T-AHCM均表现为典型的"黑桃心"征象(ace of spades)(33.3%)。4例患者行心肌对比增强MR扫描,3例示心尖部心肌纤维化,2例患者存在心肌缺血,2例患者存在心肌梗死。而心脏超声仅6例明确提示心尖部心肌肥厚,10例患者超声检查未见明显异常。21例患者心电图均存在ST-T改变:其中14例左胸导联RV4-6电压增高(67.7%);17例左胸导联产生的前后肢对称、深倒置的巨大T波(80.9%);16例ST段水平压低(76.2%);4例患者存在不同程度的心律失常(19.0%)。结论MR诊断AHCM具有很高的准确性;超声心动图诊断心尖型肥厚型心肌病敏感性低;心电图是心尖肥厚型心肌病有效的筛查方法;对于临床怀疑心尖型肥厚型心肌病的患者可采用心脏MRI明确诊断。     

超声心动图、ECG及联合检查对PAH-CHD肺动脉压力的预测价值观察

目的探讨超声心动图、心电图(ECG)及联合检查对先天性心脏病相关性肺动脉高压(PAH-CHD)肺动脉压力的预测价值。方法选取我院2017年1月-2018年9月收治的80例CHD患者为研究对象并开展回顾性分析,所有患者均行超声心动图及ECG检查,依据是否并发PAH将以上研究对象分为PAH组(36例)和非PAH组(44例),比较两组的超声心动图指标(肺动脉收缩压)及心电图指标(RV5振幅),绘制肺动脉收缩压、RV5振幅预测PAH-CHD肺动脉压力的ROC曲线,分析两者分别检查及联合的预测价值。结果 PAH组的肺动脉收缩压与RV5振幅均显著高于非PAH组(P<0.05);超声心动图指标预测PAH-CHD的灵敏度为72.1%,特异度为77.8%,心电图指标预测PAH-CHD的灵敏度为62.8%,特异度为69.4%,两者联合预测PAH-CHD的灵敏度为67.4%,特异度为83.3%;ROC曲线显示,两种检查方法的曲线下面积AUC与0.5比较差异显著(P<0.05),两种方法联合诊断的曲线下面积AUC均大于超声心动图、心电图单独诊断。结论超声心动图联合心电图检查对于PAH-CHD具有一定预测价值,且相较于单独检查能够提高准确度。     

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of neurogenic stress cadiomyopathy in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Background

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is an often devastating form of stroke. Aside from the initial hemorrhage, cardiac complications can occur resulting in neurogenic stress cardiomyopathy (NCM), leading to impaired cardiac function. We investigated whether aSAH patients with NCM had poorer long term functional outcomes than patients without NCM. Mortality, vasospasm, and delayed ischemic complications were also evaluated.

Methods

A retrospective study of all patients admitted for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) from January 2006 to June 2011 (n = 299) was conducted. Those patients who underwent an echocardiogram were identified (n = 120) and were assigned to the NCM (n = 49) category based on echocardiographic findings defined by a depressed ejection fraction (EF%) along with a regional wall motion abnormality (RWMA) in a non-vascular pattern. Primary outcome measures included in-hospital mortality and functional outcomes as measured by the Modified Barthel Index (mBI) at 3 months and one year. Secondary analysis determined if there was an association between NCM, cerebral vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia.

Results

16% of aSAH patients developed NCM. Mortality was higher (p < .001) in the NCM group (n = 23[46.9%]) than in the non-CM group (n = 28[11.2%]). Patients with NCM had poorer functional outcomes as measured by the mBI at both 3 months (p = .002) and 12 months (p = .014). The Hunt–Hess score was predictive of functional outcome as measured by the mBI at both 3 months (p = .002) as well as at 1 year (p = .014). NCM was associated with both death (p = .047 CI, 1.012–7.288) and vasospasm (p = .008 CI, 1.34–6.66) after correction for Hunt–Hess grade. Tobacco use (p < .001) and a history of diabetes mellitus (p < .009) were also associated with vasospasm. NCM was associated with higher in-hospital mortality (p = .047) in multivariate analysis.

Conclusion

NCM is seen in a substantial number of aSAH patients and when present, it is associated with higher mortality and poorer long-term functional outcomes. This finding may guide further prospective studies in order to determine if early recognition of NCM as well as optimization of cardiac output would improve mortality.