国产隐球菌荚膜多糖胶体金法检测试剂盒性能评价

目的评价由丹娜(天津)生物科技股份有限公司生产的隐球菌荚膜多糖检测试剂盒(胶体金法,考核试剂)的检测性能。方法选取隐球菌和隐球菌近缘菌及肺部感染常见菌种共28属100株菌作为研究对象,配制0.5麦氏浊度单位(0.5 M)菌液检测试剂的特异性,0.5 M阳性的菌株以10倍倍比稀释液作为灵敏度检测菌液,以2 M和4 M浓度菌液作为钩状效应检测菌液,并以美国Immuno Mycologics公司生产的隐球菌抗原检测(胶体金免疫层析法)试剂盒作为对比试剂,比较两家试剂的一致性。结果31株隐球菌属菌株中,考核试剂检测出阳性25株(新型隐球菌和格特隐球菌均为阳性),阴性6株(维多利亚隐球菌、C.dimennae和大隐球菌);16株毛孢子菌属菌株中,检测出阳性12株,阴性4株;1株Cutaneotrichosporon curvatum检测结果为阳性;52株其他菌株的检测结果均为阴性;灵敏度实验结果显示考核试剂隐球菌最低检出限为1.0×10² CFU/mL;2 M和4 M浓度菌液均未出现钩状效应。结论考核试剂隐球菌荚膜多糖检测试剂盒(胶体金法)检测隐球菌属的灵敏度高于比对试剂;特异性方面存在一定的属内和属外交叉反应,但与对比试剂的检测结果高度一致;考核试剂与比对试剂均无钩状效应产生。     

Bismuth Sodium Titanate Based Materials for Piezoelectric Actuators

The ban of lead in many electronic products and the expectation that, sooner or later, this ban will include the currently exempt piezoelectric ceramics based on Lead-Zirconate-Titanate has motivated many research groups to look for lead-free substitutes. After a short overview on different classes of lead-free piezoelectric ceramics with large strain, this review will focus on Bismuth-Sodium-Titanate and its solid solutions. These compounds exhibit extraordinarily high strain, due to a field induced phase transition, which makes them attractive for actuator applications. The structural features of these materials and the origin of the field-induced strain will be revised. Technologies for texturing, which increases the useable strain, will be introduced. Finally, the features that are relevant for the application of these materials in a multilayer design will be summarized.     

复方益气润肠胶囊体外抗菌作用研究及对小鼠肠推进的影响

目的:研究复方益气润肠胶囊对肠道常见细菌的体外抗菌作用,及对正常小鼠、便秘小鼠排便和肠推进作用的影响。方法:采用微量稀释法测定复方益气润肠胶囊对多种常见临床致病菌(金黄色葡萄球菌耐甲氧西林株、肺炎克雷伯菌、鼠伤寒沙门菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、粪肠球菌、藤黄微球菌、铜绿假单胞菌等)的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)值,以评价其体外抗菌活性;通过小鼠肠推进实验观察该胶囊对正常小鼠肠推进率的影响和对便秘模型小鼠首次排黑便时间、6 h排便量及肠推进率的影响。结果:抗菌实验显示,复方益气润肠胶囊体外对金黄色葡萄球菌耐甲氧西林株M1233和肺炎克雷伯菌的MIC均为3.125 mg/mL,对金黄色葡萄球菌耐甲氧西林株M1805、铜绿假单胞菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、粪肠球菌及藤黄微球菌的MIC均为6.250 mg/mL,对鼠伤寒沙门菌的MIC为25.000 mg/mL。对正常小鼠的肠推进实验显示,复方益气润肠胶囊高、中、低剂量给药组小肠推进率均高于空白组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);对便秘模型小鼠的肠推进实验显示,各给药组首次排黑便时间均短于便秘模型组,6 h排便量均大于便秘模型组,小鼠肠推进率均高于便秘模型组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:复方益气润肠胶囊具有理想的体外抗菌效果和较好的肠推进作用。     

Remineralization potential of fully demineralized dentin infiltrated with silica and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles

Objective

This study investigates the potential of a novel guided tissue regeneration strategy, using fully demineralized dentin infiltrated with silica and hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles (NPs), to remineralize dentin collagen that is completely devoid of native hydroxyapatite.

Methods

Dentin blocks were fully demineralized with 4 N formic acid and subsequently infiltrated with silica and HA NPs. The remineralizing potential of infiltrated dentin was assessed following a twelve week exposure to an artificial saliva solution by means of TEM, EDS and micro-CT. Measurements were taken at baseline and repeated at regular intervals for the duration of the study to quantify the P and Ca levels, the mineral volume percentage and mineral separation of the infiltrated dentin specimens compared to sound dentin and non-infiltrated controls.

Results

Infiltration of demineralized dentin with nano-HA restored up to 55% of the P and Ca levels at baseline. A local increase in the concentration of calcium phosphate compounds over a period of twelve weeks resulted in a higher concentration in P and Ca levels within the infiltrated specimens when compared to the non-infiltrated controls. Remineralization of demineralized dentin with silica NPs by immersion in artificial saliva was the most effective strategy, restoring 20% of the P levels of sound dentin. Micro-CT data showed a 16% recovery of the mineral volume in dentin infiltrated with silica NPs and a significant decrease in the mineral separation to levels comparable to sound dentin.

Significance

Demineralized dentin infiltrated with silica NPs appears to encourage heterogeneous mineralization of the dentin collagen matrix following exposure to an artificial saliva solution.     

联合用药对促进溃疡愈合作用交互影响的研究

目的观察阿莫西林(A)、甲硝唑(M)和胶体次枸橼酸铋(B)联合使用对促进大鼠胃溃疡愈合作用的交互影响,为临床合理选用药物治疗消化道溃疡提供参考。方法采用实验性乙酸致大鼠胃溃疡模型,将大鼠随机分为对照组、阳性药物组及实验药物组,实验药物组大鼠分别给予A(118 mg·kg-1)、M(82 mg·kg-1)、B(25 mg·kg-1)、M+B、A+B、A+M、A+M+B,对照组给予2%羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na),阳性对照组给予西咪替丁(110 mg·kg-1),以溃疡愈合率为观察指标,用金氏概率相加法(q值)分析药物间的交互影响。结果通过各组溃疡面积均值计算溃疡愈合百分率,再由公式计算表示组分间交互影响的q值;当q>1时,表明组分有协同作用;q<1时表明组分有拮抗作用;q=1时表明组分间无相互作用;结果各组间的q值分别为:qM+B=1.40,qA+B=1.07,qA+M=1.24,q(A+M)B=1.23,q(A+B)M=1.07,q(B+M)A=1.32;各组q值均大于1。结论对促进溃疡愈合作用,就阿莫西林、甲硝唑和胶体次枸橼酸铋而言,任何两药间及三药间均有协同作用;三药间协同作用优于两药之间协同作用。三药组合与西咪替丁促进溃疡愈合作用相当,而两药组合作用明显低于西咪替丁。     

胃液检测方法的探讨

目的：分析转铁蛋白法、金标法、化学法对胃液检测的结果。探讨最适合的检测方法。方法采用消化科每天送的标本,共计200例,分别用3种方法测试,结果采用SPSS13.0软件进行统计,分析。结果转铁蛋白法真阳性率为96.2%(101/105),氨基比林呈色法真阳性率为87.6%(92/105),金标法真阳性率为80.9%(85/105),转铁蛋白法的真阳性率显著高于其他两种,3组比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=21.95,P<0.01)。结论在胃液潜血检测方法中,转铁蛋白法与临床符合率最高,转铁蛋白法弥补了免疫法和化学法检测的不足,减少了免疫法的假阴性,化学法的假阳性、假阴性。对临床更具有参考价值,并结合受检者自身情况进行综合判断,以免造成漏诊和误诊。     

Breast cancer detection by dedicated breast positron emission tomography according to the World Health Organization classification of breast tumors

ObjectiveConsidering the difficulty in detecting primary breast cancers using whole-body positron emission tomography (WBPET) owing to its limited spatial resolution, we aimed to evaluate the detectability of breast cancer by ring-type dedicated breast PET (DbPET) on the World Health Organization (WHO) histological classification in comparison with WBPET.MethodsA total of 938 patients with breast cancer underwent WBPET and ring-type DbPET, and 1021 lesions were histologically assessed based on the WHO classification of tumors of the breast. The findings of WBPET and DbPET were retrospectively evaluated and compared.ResultsThe size-related sensitivity of DbPET was superior to that of WBPET for subcentimetric tumors (81.9% vs. 52.4%, P < 0.001). The histological distribution was as follows: 11 lobular carcinoma in situ, 158 ductal carcinoma in situ, 738 infiltrating duct carcinoma not otherwise specified (NOS), 12 lobular carcinoma NOS, 40 mucinous adenocarcinoma, 13 tubular carcinoma, 36 invasive breast carcinoma others, and 13 papillary neoplasms. WBPET had low sensitivity for lobular carcinoma in situ, ductal carcinoma in situ, lobular carcinoma NOS, mucinous adenocarcinoma, and tubular carcinoma. DbPET showed improved sensitivity for all the above except lobular and tubular carcinoma. The maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) of DbPET were significantly higher than those of WBPET for histological types, excluding lobular carcinoma in situ. The SUVmax of papillary neoplasms was high regardless of low-grade histology and Ki-67 labeling index.ConclusionsDBPET was found to have high sensitivity and SUVmax values for all histologic types that showed low sensitivity of detection on WBPET, except lobular carcinoma in situ.     

A temperature-induced and shear-reversible assembly of latanoprost-loaded amphiphilic chitosan colloids: Characterization and in vivo glaucoma treatment

Hydrogels composed of assembled colloids is a material class that is currently receiving much interest and shows great promise for use in biomedical applications. This emerging material class presents unique properties derived from the combination of nanosized domains in the form of colloidal particles with a continuous gel network and an interspersed liquid phase. Here we developed an amphiphilic chitosan-based, thermogelling, shear-reversible colloidal gel system for improved glaucoma treatment and addressed how preparation procedures and loading with the anti-glaucoma drug latanoprost and commonly used preservative benzalkonium chloride influenced the mechanical properties of and drug release from the colloidal gels. The results highlight that incorporated substances and preparation procedures have effects both on mechanical properties and drug release, but that the release of drug loaded in the colloidal carriers is mainly limited by transport out of the carriers, rather than by diffusion within the gel. The developed colloidal chitosan based gels hold outstanding biomedical potential, as confirmed by the ease of preparation and administration, low cytotoxicity in MTT assay, excellent biocompatibility and lowering of intraocular pressure for 40 days in a rabbit glaucoma model. The findings clearly justify further investigations towards clinical use in the treatment of glaucoma. Furthermore, the use of this shear-reversible colloidal gel could easily be extended to localized treatment of a number of critical conditions, from chronic disorders to cancer, potentially resulting in a number of new therapeutics with improved clinical performance.     

In vivo comparison of tantalum,tungsten, and bismuth enteric contrast agents to complement intravenous iodine for double‐contrast dual‐energy CT of the bowel

To assess the ability of dual‐energy CT (DECT) to separate intravenous contrast of bowel wall from intraluminal contrast, we scanned 16 rabbits on a clinical DECT scanner: n = 3 using only iodinated intravenous contrast, and n = 13 double‐contrast enhanced scans using iodinated intravenous contrast and experimental enteric non‐iodinated contrast agents in the bowel lumen (five bismuth, four tungsten, and four tantalum based). Representative image pairs from conventional CT images and DECT iodine density maps of small bowel (116 pairs from 232 images) were viewed by four abdominal imaging attending radiologists to independently score each comparison pair on a visual analog scale (?100 to +100%) for (1) preference in small bowel wall visualization and (2) preference in completeness of intraluminal enteric contrast subtraction. Median small bowel wall visualization was scored 39 and 42 percentage points (95% CI 30–44% and 36–45%, both p < 0.001) higher for double‐contrast DECT than for conventional CT with enteric tungsten and tantalum contrast, respectively. Median small bowel wall visualization for double‐contrast DECT was scored 29 and 35 percentage points (95% CI 20–35% and 33–39%, both p < 0.001) higher with enteric tungsten and tantalum, respectively, than with bismuth contrast. Median completeness of intraluminal enteric contrast subtraction in double‐contrast DECT iodine density maps was scored 28 and 29 percentage points (95% CI 15–31% and 28–33%, both p < 0.001) higher with enteric tungsten and tantalum, respectively, than with bismuth contrast. Results suggest that in vivo double‐contrast DECT with iodinated intravenous and either tantalum‐ or tungsten‐based enteric contrast provides better visualization of small bowel than conventional CT. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.