双水平气道正压对OSAHS患者预后及血管内皮功能的影响

目的 分析双水平气道正压双水平气道正压通气(bi-level positive airway pressure,BiPAP)对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)患者血管内皮功能及预后的影响。 方法 将100例OSAHS患者纳入研究，随机分为观察及对照组，各50例。观察组行BiPAP ，对照组行常规治疗，比较两组多导睡眠监测(polysomnography，PSG)检查指标（低通气指数、呼吸暂停指数、呼吸暂停及低通气时间、90%以下血氧饱和度次数、90%以下血氧饱和度时间）、心肺功能［脑钠肽(brainnatriureticpeptide,BNP)、右心室Tei指数、左心室Tei指数、一秒用力呼气容积占用力肺活量的百分比(forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity，FEV1/FVC)、一秒用力呼气容积占预计值的百分比(FEV1占预计值%)］、血管内皮功能［内皮素1(endothelin-1,ET-1)、一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)、凝血酶Ⅲ(antithrombin Ⅲ,AT-Ⅲ)］及生活质量。 结果 观察组低通气指数、呼吸暂停指数、呼吸暂停及低通气时间、90%以下血氧饱和度次数及时间指标均显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。观察组治疗后BNP以及Tei指数显著低于治疗前及对照组治疗后，FEV1/FVC、FEV1占预计值%显著高于治疗前及对照组治疗后(P＜0.05)。观察组治疗后ET-1、AT-Ⅲ低于治疗前及对照组治疗后，NO高于治疗前及对照组治疗后（P＜0.05）。观察组治疗后生活质量各项目评分高于对照组（P＜0.05）。 结论 BiPAP治疗能够改善OSAHS患者的预后情况及血管内皮功能，效果确切。     

重症肺炎并呼吸衰竭患儿接受早期持续气道正压通气治疗对血气指标及预后的影响

目的分析重症肺炎并呼吸衰竭患儿接受早期持续气道正压通气(CPAP)治疗对血气指标及预后的影响。方法选取2019年2月至2020年6月本院收治的110例重症肺炎并呼吸衰竭患儿,按照组间基本资料具有可比性的原则分为对照组与实验组,各55例。对照组接受常规方案治疗,实验组接受早期持续CPAP治疗,比较两组血气指标改善情况以及患儿预后。结果治疗后,两组PaO₂、PaCO₂、SaO₂均显著改善,且实验组改善程度明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。实验组临床病死率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义。结论采用早期持续CPAP治疗重症肺炎并呼吸衰竭患儿效果显著,能明显改善血气指标和预后,具有临床推广价值。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

全身麻醉期间个体化呼气末正压研究进展

全身麻醉和机械通气会导致肺损伤和炎症因子释放。因此,围术期实施肺保护性通气策略具有重要意义。呼气末正压(positive end expiratory pressure, PEEP)的应用能增加肺顺应性,改善氧合,减少呼吸机相关肺损伤和术后肺部并发症的发生率。个体化PEEP的实施能够明显增大其肺保护效应,改善患者预后。本文就全身麻醉期间个体化PEEP的设置方法和临床应用进行综述,以期为临床提供参考。     

参芪复脉汤联合西药治疗慢性心衰疗效及对患者心功能的影响

目的:探讨参芪复脉汤联合西药治疗慢性心衰的疗效及心功能的影响。方法:选择慢性心衰患者72例,随机分为对照组和观察组各36例。对照组给予琥珀酸美托洛尔加替米沙坦、氢氯噻嗪等西药治疗;观察组在对照组基础上给予中药参芪复脉汤治疗。比较两组临床疗效,观察治疗前后左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末容积(LVEDV)、B型利尿钠肽(BNP)、N末端B型利尿钠肽原(NT-proBNP)变化及生活质量情况。结果:治疗5、7、14d后,两组中医证候积分均明显下降,观察组比对照组更明显(P<0.05)。两组治疗前LVEF、LVEDV、BNP及NT-proBNP水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后两组LVEF水平均显著升高,LVEDV、BNP及NTproBNP均显著降低(P<0.05);观察组治疗后LVEF水平显著高于对照组,LVEDV、BNP及NTproBNP显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组治愈率及总有效率均高于对照组治愈率及总有效率(P<0.05)。治疗后观察组生活质量评分显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗期间均无明显不良反应。结论:参芪复脉汤结合西药可显著改善慢性心衰患者LVEF、BNP及NT-proBNP等心功能指标,临床疗效显著,患者预后良好。     

理气中药组方对糖尿病大鼠胃排空延迟的作用

目的:观察理气中药经验组方对糖尿病大鼠胃排空延迟的干预作用。方法:雌雄各半成年SD大鼠110只,随机分为正常组(A组)、糖尿病中药组(B组)、糖尿病胃复安组(C组)、糖尿病组(D组)。A组、D组1次/d按10 mL/只予0.9%生理盐水灌胃,B组1次/d按8 mL/只予中药煎剂灌胃,C组1次/d按0.5 mg/只予胃复安片灌胃。喂养12周后,行13C胃排空实验及甲基橙水溶液胃排空实验,观察各组大鼠胃排空情况。结果:糖尿病大鼠胃排空较正常大鼠明显延迟(P0.01),糖尿病大鼠胃排空延迟模型制作成功。糖尿病中药组和糖尿病胃复安组大鼠胃排空较糖尿病组快(P0.01);糖尿病中药组大鼠胃排空较糖尿病胃复安组大鼠快(P0.05)。结论:常规喂养12周后糖尿病大鼠出现胃排空延迟。理气中药陈皮、枳实、木香、香附组方煎剂和胃复安均能促进糖尿病大鼠胃排空,理气中药组方煎剂的效果优于胃复安。     

PETCO_2与行择期开颅手术老年患者脑血流、颅内压、脑糖氧代谢的相关性

目的观察呼气末二氧化碳分压(PETCO_2)与行择期开颅手术老年患者脑血流(CBF)、颅内压(ICP)的相关性。方法筛选31例急性脑出血开颅手术患者进行观察性研究,分别在机械通气15 min、30 min、60 min记录PETCO_2及各时段颈内静脉、桡动脉及脑脊液行血气分析检查,根据Kety-Schmidt惰性气体饱和技术计算CBF,观察PETCO_2与CBF、ICP、动静脉血糖差和脑氧利用率之间的相关性。结果 31例患者PETCO_2、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_2)与CBF、ICP水平在机械通气不同时间段均存在显著相关性(P0.05);机械通气30 min、60 min PETCO_2、PaCO_2、CBF、ICP均显著高于机械通气15 min,同时机械通气60 min上述指标显著高于机械通气30 min(P0.05);机械通气30 min动静脉血糖差和脑氧利用率显著低于机械通气60 min(P0.05)。结论开颅手术老年患者不同通气时间的PETCO_2与CBF、ICP、糖氧代谢变化相关,提示全麻手术时可以调控PETCO_2水平来改变患者CBF及ICP,降低术中出血风险,对临床具有借鉴意义。     

BiPAP呼吸机对慢性心力衰竭合并睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者血液流变学及血氧水平影响

目的睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(sleep apnea syndrome,SAS)是诱发心血管疾病的重要因素,易加重慢性心力衰竭(chronic heart failure,CHF)患者病情,甚至造成死亡。本研究探讨双水平无创正压通气(bi-level positive airway pressure,BiPAP)呼吸机对CHF合并SAS患者血液流变学及血氧水平的影响。方法选择2018-01-01-2019-01-31巩义市人民医院收治的84例CHF合并SAS患者为研究对象,根据组间性别、年龄和心功能分级具有可比性的原则选择观察组和对照组,各42例。对照组给予常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上采用BiPAP呼吸机,比较两组血液流变学〔血浆黏度(plasma viscosity,PV)、红细胞比容(hematocrit value,HCT)和红细胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR)〕及血氧水平〔血氧饱和度(oxygen saturation,SaO_2)、血氧分压(partial pressure of blood oxygen,PaO_2)和动脉血二氧化碳分压(arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide,PaCO_2)〕。结果治疗后,观察组PV、HCT和ESR水平分别为(1.21±0.35)mPa/s、(24.57±2.93)%和(18.74±4.77)mm/h,均低于对照组的(1.79±0.30)mPa/s、(32.43±4.49)%和(22.69±3.62)mm/h,差异有统计学意义,t值分别为8.154、9.501和4.275,均P0.001;观察组SaO_2和PaO_2水平分别为(92.12±5.94)%和(80.17±15.26)mm Hg,均高于对照组的(88.05±5.18)%和(62.09±10.24)mm Hg,差异有统计学意义,t值分别为3.347和6.376,均P0.001;观察组PaCO_2水平为(51.48±13.24)mm Hg,低于对照组的(60.54±10.03)mm Hg,t=3.535,P0.001。结论 CHF合并SAS患者应用BiPAP呼吸机治疗,可有效改善血液流变学,纠正缺氧状态,利于患者转归。