Analysis of 23 cases of pulmonary cryptococcosis

Pulmonary cryptococcosis (PC) is a subacute or chronic pulmonary fungitis caused hy Cryptococcus neoformans.Because of no specific clinical symptoms or manifestaions in chest radiographs, misdiagnosis is common. Between January 1980 and january 2004, 23 eases of PC were diagnosed by pathological examinations in our hospital and the clinical data were retospectively analyzed to inprove the diagnosis of PC.     

国内22年肺隐球菌病回顾性分析

目的　回顾国内 2 2年来肺隐球菌病的诊疗进展。方法　检索 1980～ 2 0 0 1年中文生物医学期刊数据库 (CMCC)收录的有关肺隐球菌病的文献资料 ,统计分析并总结 6 7例肺隐球菌病患者的临床资料。结果　肺隐球菌病好发于青中年男性 ,其临床表现及影像学表现呈多样性和无特异性 ,易并发隐球菌性脑膜炎 (31 34% ) ,临床上极易误诊 ;确诊主要依靠各种临床标本的涂片、培养和病理学检查 ;治疗手段主要包括手术切除和抗真菌药物的治疗。结论　临床上提高对该病的认识是提高确诊率的关键。强调抗真菌药物的治疗作用 ,尤其是术前术后应用 ,可减少术后隐球菌的播散导致隐球菌性脑膜炎。     

Disseminated cryptococcosis with cutaneous manifestation

Cutaneous cryptococcosis is uncommon. It is usually a result of disseminated infection and can present with a wide variety of skin lesions. We report a case of disseminated cryptococcosis in a kidney transplant recipient who presented with nodular lesions in the forehead following a bout of acute cellular rejection.     

肺隐球菌病的外科治疗

目的探讨肺隐球菌病的临床特点、诊断、手术治疗及疗效。方法分析27例外科手术治疗的肺隐球菌病患者,其中男22例,女5例;年龄25～67岁,平均(47.5±7.9)岁。其中标准剖胸手术17例,采用胸腔镜或胸腔镜辅助下小切口开胸手术10例;肺叶切除16例,肺局部楔形切除9例,胸腔镜活检术2例。结果病灶彻底切除25例,2例胸腔镜活检。无手术死亡病例,术后无胸腔内出血,切口愈合良好,无切口感染,无脓胸以及支气管胸膜瘘等。随访2～5年,25例治愈、无复发,1例复发且伴有隐球菌脑膜炎,1例失访。结论肺隐球菌病的临床表现和影像学检查缺乏特征性表现,外科手术是诊断及治疗局限性肺隐球菌病非常有效的手段,胸腔镜或胸腔镜辅助小切口手术具有创伤小、恢复快的特点。     

Multiple osseous involvements in a case of disseminated cryptococcosis

Osseous involvement occurs in 5–10% of patients with disseminated cryptococcosis. We are reporting an unusual case of disseminated cryptococcosis involving the sternum and lumbar vertebra with the formation of psoas abscess with pulmonary tuberculosis. The patient presented with fever for 3 months. A diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis was made on thoracic contrast-enhanced computerized tomography and she was put on antituberculosis treatment. She was immunocompetent with negative human immunodeficiency virus. She conceived subsequently and had complaints of backache and swelling over the sternum. Magnetic resonance imaging showed destruction of L5 vertebra with psoas abscess. Vertebral cryptococcosis may mimic tuberculosis and malignancy. She had a bad obstetric history and experienced five, first-trimester spontaneous abortions in each successive year since 2001. This pregnancy again resulted in spontaneous abortion. Cryptococcus neoformans was isolated from two different sites: pus-involving the sternum and ultrasound-guided psoas abscess aspirate. Serum latex agglutination test for cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide antigen was positive. The diagnosis of cryptococcosis was delayed because the patient was diagnosed as a case of pulmonary tuberculosis, wherein clinical signs, symptoms and radiological findings in both the conditions are similar. Amphotericin B was started but she developed varicella infection and expired due to cardiac failure.     

原发性肺隐球菌病的光镜和超微结构观察

目的探讨原发性肺隐球菌病(PC)的超微结构特点及其在PC诊断中的作用.方法对2例外科手术切除的PC进行组织化学染色、光镜和透射电镜观察.结果光镜观察见PC病变有非干酪性肉芽肿形成,作粘液卡红(MC)、过碘酸雪夫氏染色(PAS)和Grocott六胺银(GMC)染色发现新型隐球菌(CN)呈阳性染色.透射电镜观察见CN有细胞壁、细胞质和荚膜,细胞器不发达,未见细胞核,大部分细胞退变.结论在活体组织内CN的超微结构不发达,电镜观察有助于对PC做出明确诊断及鉴别诊断.     

脑隐球菌病的CT诊断

温习了10例隐球菌脑病及其脑CT扫描表现，8例CT扫描异常，异常表现包括假囊肿、结节、脑实质低密度灶、钙化和脑积水，但无一种表现是隐球菌感染的特征，讨论了CT表现与病理改变的相关性。     

原发性肺隐球菌病12例分析

目的：探讨肺隐球菌病的临床特征、诊断和治疗，以提高对本病的认识。方法：对1989年1月—2001年12月本所确诊的12例原发性肺隐球菌病进行回顾性研究，分析其临床特点。结果：肺部隐球菌病以中青年(8例，66．7％)和男性(9例，75．0％)多见。症状轻微，主要表现为咳嗽(7例，58．3％)，咳痰(6例，50．0％)，胸痛(4例，33．3％)，发热(3例，25．0％)，气促(2例，16．7％)和消瘦(2例，16．7％)，5例(41．7％)无症状。病变分布呈下肺(8例，66．7％)多于上肺(4例，33．3％)，右肺(6例，50．0％)多于左肺(3例，25．0％，余3例双侧)的特点。病变表现多为孤立性肿块影，共6例(50．0％)。全部病例均经病理确诊。手术切除病灶或足疗程氟康唑治疗可取得理想的效果。绪论：原发性肺隐球菌病多发于无基础肺疾患的中青年，以肺部阴影为主要表现，易被漏诊、误诊，足疗程氟康唑可取得很好疗效。     

新型隐球菌动物模型的建立及PCR快速诊断

目的建立从活检肺组织中进行隐球菌PCR诊断的小鼠模型。方法向BALB/c小鼠气管插管内注入隐球菌菌液制成小鼠隐球菌感染模型,取肺组织匀浆提取DNA进行PCR诊断。结果从位于新型隐球菌基因组的编码核糖体RNA(rRNA)和位于其中的内部转录区(internal transcribed spacer,ITS-1和ITS-2)基因位点的8对引物中筛选出1对引物(ITS1-CN4),其对从活检肺组织中诊断新型隐球菌具有较好的敏感性和特异性。结论成功建立了从活检肺组织中进行隐球菌PCR诊断的小鼠模型。从8对引物中筛选出的1对引物(ITS1-CN4)对从活检肺组织中诊断新型隐球菌具有较好的敏感性和特异性。