Expression of the c-erbB-2-encoded oncoprotein and progesterone receptor in human meningiomas

The present study investigated the expression of c-erbB-2 in 59 meningiomas, including different histological subtypes and anaplastic variants, by immunocytochemistry and molecular biological techniques. Immunohistochemistry using the monoclonal antibody FWP-51 directed against c-erbB-2-encoded oncoprotein gp185 demonstrated variable degrees of immunoreactivity in all meningiomas. The intensity of immunostaining correlated with the degree of expression as assessed by Western analysis in 28 meningiomas using polyclonal antiserum 21N. There was no correlation between the degree of expression and histological variants. Immunoreactivity of all menigiomas was distinctly less intense, however, than that of the human breast cancer cell line SK-BR-3, and slightly lower than that of brain metastases of breast and ovarian carcinomas that served as positive controls for both methods. By Southern analysis all meningiomas showed a single copy of the c-erbB-2 gene. Non-neoplastic arachnoid cap cells also exhibited c-erbB-2 expression and the degree of immunoreactivity was comparable with the majority of meningiomas. These data argue against an overexpression of c-erbB-2 in meningiomas, but rather indicate a cell-type-specific constitutive expression of the c-erbB-2 gene product in meningiomas and their putative progenitor cells. Since a subgroup of meningiomas is known to express progesterone receptors (PR), gp185 immunoreactivity was compared to the hormone receptor status using monoclonal antibody KD68. Fifty-six percent meningiomas showed PR immunoreactivity, but there was no statistically significant correlation with the degree of gp185 expression.This study was supported by a grant of the Tumorzentrum Heidelberg/Mannheim (M.K., No. 10028060)     

3D MRI-Based Multicomponent FSI Models for Atherosclerotic Plaques

A three-dimensional (3D) MRI-based computational model with multicomponent plaque structure and fluid-structure interactions (FSI) is introduced to perform mechanical analysis for human atherosclerotic plaques and identify critical flow and stress/strain conditions which may be related to plaque rupture. Three-dimensional geometry of a human carotid plaque was reconstructed from 3D MR images and computational mesh was generated using Visualization Toolkit. Both the artery wall and the plaque components were assumed to be hyperelastic, isotropic, incompressible, and homogeneous. The flow was assumed to be laminar, Newtonian, viscous, and incompressible. The fully coupled fluid and structure models were solved by ADINA, a well-tested finite element package. Results from two-dimensional (2D) and 3D models, based on ex vivo MRI and histological images (HI), with different component sizes and plaque cap thickness, under different pressure and axial stretch conditions, were obtained and compared. Our results indicate that large lipid pools and thin plaque caps are associated with both extreme maximum (stretch) and minimum (compression when negative) stress/strain levels. Large cyclic stress/strain variations in the plaque under pulsating pressure were observed which may lead to artery fatigue and possible plaque rupture. Large-scale patient studies are needed to validate the computational findings for possible plaque vulnerability assessment and rupture predictions.     

Cervical tissue uptake of all-trans-retinoic acid delivered via a collagen sponge-cervical cap delivery device in patients with cervical dysplasia

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the systemic absorption and cervical tissue uptake of all-transretinoic acid (TRA), delivered via a collagen spongecervical cap delivery device in patients with intraepithelial cervical dysplasia. Ten patients with histologically proven mild or moderate cervical dysplasia were included in this pharmacologic study. The two TRA concentrations (0.05% and 0.372%) selected for study represent the starting and maximally tolerated doses used in phase I clinical trial. All-trans-retinoic-11-³H acid (³H-TRA, 500 Ci) was used to facilitate cervical tissue uptake studies. Cervical biopsies and post-treatment blood samples were obtained from each patient after TRA exposure. The uptake of TRA into cervical tissues four hours after drug administration was significantly increased at the maximally tolerated TRA dose. There was a rapid decrease in cervical tissue concentration of TRA at the 0.372% dose between 4 and 24 h after drug exposure, suggesting a relatively short elimination half-life of TRA in cervical tissues. HPLC analysis of post-treatment blood samples indicate that there was no systemic absorption of TRA after local cervical administration.     

Non-adenomatous colorectal polyposis syndromes

Gastrointestinal polyps are common lesions that usually present singly or in small numbers. Although the term ‘multiple colorectal polyposis’ was originally applied to patients carrying at least 100 large intestinal adenomas, it has subsequently become broadened to include patients carrying multiple polyps regardless of their nature. Most of the non-adenomatous polyposis syndromes are hereditary. They can be classified according to the dominant type of polyp, their distribution in the gastrointestinal tract and their potential for the development of gastrointestinal cancers. This review summarises their main clinical, genetic and histopathological features.     

艾滋病合并马尔尼菲青霉病江西首例报告

目的 分析艾滋病并发马尔尼菲青霉病的发病情况、临床特征、诊断要点。方法 对艾滋病合并马尔尼菲青霉病患者的临床资料进行总结。结果 艾滋病并发马尔尼菲青霉病的患者临床症状呈现多样性，但以马尔尼菲青霉病的表现为主。结论 艾滋病且易并发马尔尼菲青霉病，应引起临床高度重视。     

可来福接头在深静脉置管中应用

目的 观察可来福接头在深静脉置管中的应用优势，方法 对260例深静脉置管成功的患者分别采用可来福接头及肝素帽封管，随机分为两组，160例采用可来福接头，100例采用肝素帽，、观察回血、堵管情况及留置时间。结果 可来福接头明显优于肝素帽。结论 可来福接头输液简便易行，节省时间，减少耗材。     

锐利器械不同保护法的效果研究

目的:研究尖锐器械在低温灭菌过程中的保护方法。方法:将2012年9月~201 3年6月供应室清洗后的再生穿刺针类器械741个,随机分为头皮针软管组、尿管组,分别使用头皮针软管、尿管做成保护帽,对锐利器械采取保护措施,并与2010年1月~3月使用纱布保护套的335个尖锐器械作对比,对其保护效果进行研究。结果:头皮针软管组包装及器械完好性达100%;尿管组纸塑袋包装破损32个,破损率8.7%,10个器械发生损坏占2.7%;纱布组管纸塑袋破损71个,破损率21.2%,器械损坏29个,破损率8.66%;三组包装破损率比较P<0.05,头皮针软管组、尿管组器械破损率分别与纱布组比较P<0.05,差异均有统计学意义。结论:头皮针软管能保护尖锐器械及包装的完好性,可根据器械的规格型号及数量选取相应的保护措施,以达院感要求。     

自制气管切开封管帽在长期气管切开病人中的应用

目的：探讨自制气管切开导管封管帽用于长期气管切开病人的封管效果。方法选择气管切开需长期封管的病人80例，随机分成观察组和对照组各40例。观察组使用自制封管帽封管，对照组使用自制消毒棉签封管，对比两组病人封管期间封管物因呛咳被喷出掉落的人均次数和呼吸道感染发生次数。选择其中30例病人清醒时分别使用棉签和封管帽封管进行自身对照，比较其舒适度。选择30名操作人员分别使用封管帽和棉签进行封管操作，操作后让其对两种封管方法进行使用评价和选择封管方法。结果两组病人封管期间封管物因呛咳被喷出掉落的人均次数和呼吸道感染发生次数比较差异有显著意义，P＜0．05；30例病人用棉签和封管帽封管的舒适满意度分别是90．3％和70％，χ2＝5．45， P＜0．05。30例病人和30名操作人员均选择使用封管帽长期封管。结论自制封管帽体积小，与气管切开导管衔接较好，装卸方便，不易丢失或掉落；既方便吸痰，又不易污染，增加了护理人员的可操作性；可提高患者封管的舒适度和安全系数；容易规范气管切开的护理操作流程，有效降低因气管切开所致的医院感染率，值得长期气管切开病人推广应用。     

透明短帽辅助初级操作者单人结肠镜检查的作用

目的：探讨透明短帽辅助初级操作者单人结肠镜检查的作用。方法门诊接受结肠镜检查1200例患者,按照入组顺序分为奇数组及偶数组,奇数组采用常规结肠镜检查法,偶数组采用透明短帽辅助结肠镜检查法。比较初级操作者采用两种方法检查的成功率、平均到达回盲部时间、进入回肠末端成功率及时间、息肉检出率、平均疼痛评分及并发症情况。结果透明短帽辅助结肠镜检查法操作成功率、平均到达回盲部时间、进入回肠末端成功率及时间、平均疼痛评分、息肉检出率均优于常规结肠镜检查法,比较均有统计学意义,结果分别为（94% v 89%,P=0.00）、（8分 v 12分,P=0.00）、（87% v 81%,P=0.00）、（24s v 31s,P=0.02）、（4.2 v 4.9,P=0.01）、（27%v 21%,P=0.01）,两组均未出现严重并发症。结论对初级操作者来说,透明短帽辅助结肠镜操作法更加简单、有效,对患者造成痛苦更小。