Investigation of hearing loss in patients with acute brucellosis by standard and high-frequency audiometry

This study aimed to determine the effect of acute brucellosis on the auditory system. Forty-two patients with acute brucellosis were evaluated clinically, and with serological and audiological tests, before and after treatment. Hearing threshold averages were calculated at 11 different frequencies (250-8000 Hz) of the auditory airway, and statistical analysis was performed. The average hearing thresholds were > 20 dB, with standard audiometry at 6000-8000 Hz, and < 20 dB at all other frequencies. After treatment, the average auditory threshold decreased to < 20 dB at 6000-8000 Hz (p < 0.0001). Pure-tone hearing thresholds were improved at all frequencies after treatment, with statistically significant differences at all frequencies except 12,000, 14,000 and 16 000 Hz (p < 0.05). There was no permanent hearing loss caused by acute brucellosis, and hearing thresholds were restored after treatment. It was concluded that acute brucellosis affects the auditory system, especially at high frequencies, and that patients with all forms of brucellosis should be evaluated for hearing loss.     

布氏杆菌性脊柱炎临床影像学表现及外科治疗

[目的]探讨布氏杆菌性脊椎炎的临床表现、影像学特点与外科治疗，以便提高该病的临床诊断和治疗水平。[方法]本组16例均行X线摄片并行CT检查，病灶分布腰椎多于胸椎，其中L4发病率最高，其中7例行MRI检查；16例血清试管凝集法滴度均大于1：160，虎红平板凝集试验阳性，酶联免疫吸附试验检查特异性抗体IgM、IgG阳性，11例作病原学检查。[结果]14例入院前临床、X线及CT误诊为脊柱结核，误诊率87．5％；经MRI扫描误诊5例，误诊率71．43％；本组16例入院确诊后，在药物治疗基础上，2例采取介入方法，7例采取手术病灶清除，病理符合布氏杆菌性脊椎炎的细胞学表现。本组仅12例（包括手术8例）进行随访1～2年，痊愈10例，好转2例，愈后无复发。[结论]布氏杆菌性脊椎炎临床与影像学具有特征性表现；正确选择微创术和手术病灶清除术可以缩短疗程，减少并发症，提高治愈率；无论手术还是非手术治疗，长期、足量、联合、多途径敏感抗生素的应用是治疗和防止本病复发的最主要和最可靠方法。     

北京市平谷区65例布鲁氏菌病患者临床特征分析

目的　通过对北京市平谷区65例布鲁氏菌病患者流行病学调查,了解本区布鲁氏菌病疫情动态及患者临床特征,为疫情防控提供参考依据。方法　选取2015 年1月—2019年12月北京市平谷区医院收治的65例布鲁氏菌病患者作为研究对象,对发病时间、发病区域、年龄与性别构成、初步诊断、临床表现、病原学检查及诊治等情况进行统计与分析。结果　患者年龄主要集中在18～59岁,性别比为4.42∶1;以畜牧饲养者居多,约占64.62%,有明确动物或动物制品接触史63例,占96.92%,均为散发,无明显聚集性;全年中以4—6月发病率最高,占发病总数的53.85%;临床症状以发热（52例,80.00%）、乏力（34例,52.31%）、腰痛（26例,40.00%）为主;其中并发症发生率为47.69%,排名较高的前3位分别是脊柱炎、关节炎、腰椎病变。65例患者首诊确诊49例,误诊16例,误诊率为24.62%。病原学检查结果显示,试管凝集试验阳性35例,虎红平板凝集试验阳性30例。结论　布鲁氏菌病高发季节为4—6月,男性患病率明显高于女性,且从事畜牧业及相关产业人员为主要发病人群,以散发为主;布鲁氏菌病首诊误诊率较高,临床医师应提高对该传染病的关注,不断加强疫情防控。     

Transmission of Brucellosis from Elk to Cattle and Bison,Greater Yellowstone Area,USA, 2002–2012

Bovine brucellosis has been nearly eliminated from livestock in the United States. Bison and elk in the Greater Yellowstone Area remain reservoirs for the disease. During 1990–2002, no known cases occurred in Greater Yellowstone Area livestock. Since then, 17 transmission events from wildlife to livestock have been investigated.     

Seroprevalence of brucellosis in goats and sheep in Thailand: Results from the Thai National Brucellosis Surveillance System from 2013 to 2015

In Thailand, brucellosis re‐emerged in humans in 2003 and is considered a public health risk to goat farmers as the disease is endemic in small ruminants. The Thai Department of Livestock Development (DLD ) established a nationwide surveillance system for brucellosis in goats and sheep in 1997. Using data from this surveillance system, we describe the seroprevalence of brucellosis from 2013 to 2015 in small ruminants and the spatial distribution of the disease throughout Thailand. Surveillance data collected included the number of animals and herds tested, the province of the animal and herd and the laboratory results. Seroprevalence was estimated at both the animal and herd levels. During the 3‐year period, 443,561 goats and sheep were tested for brucellosis by the DLD throughout Thailand using the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT ) and the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay test for Brucella . Among the 3 years, 2013 had the highest proportion of herds that tested positive for brucellosis at 13.80% (95% CI, 12.52, 15.16). Overall, this study found that brucellosis seroprevalence in small ruminants is decreasing throughout Thailand. However, there is variability in the spread of the disease with provinces in the eastern and western regions of Thailand having higher proportions of animals and herds testing positive. Overall provinces in the south had the lowest proportion of animals and herds testing positive for brucellosis. Periodic review of surveillance data documents the impact of the current brucellosis control programme and supports a targeted response in higher prevalence regions when there are limited financial resources for control measures.     

吉林省西部牧区养羊户布鲁杆菌病感染现况调查

目的: 了解吉林省西部牧区养羊户家庭布鲁杆菌病(布病)感染及养殖现状,分析布病感染的影响因素,为控制布病在养羊户家庭中蔓延提供依据。方法: 采用多阶段抽样的方法,在吉林省西部牧区布病高发地区前郭尔罗斯蒙古族自治县抽取2个乡镇,在每个乡镇各抽取1/2的村屯,对所抽取村屯的全部养羊户家庭户主进行调查。采用面对面访谈方式收集养羊户家庭布病感染相关信息,问卷内容包括养羊户家庭一般情况、养殖情况和布病感染情况3个部分。遵循知情同意原则,采集调查家庭全部成员全血各5 mL,布病血清学诊断采用试管凝集试验(SAT)进行。分析养羊户家庭养殖情况、布病感染现状及其影响因素。结果: 共收集149份养羊户家庭问卷,82个家庭存在布病感染者,感染率为55.03%(82/149)。羊群养殖年限的长短和新购羊只是否进行检疫是影响家庭成员布病感染的独立危险因素。养殖年限≥10年且 < 15年的家庭成员布病感染风险是养殖年限<1年家庭的3.978倍(OR=3.978,95%CI: 0.005 ~ 15.746),养殖年限≥20年的家庭成员布病感染风险是养殖年限 < 1年家庭的10.531倍(OR=10.531,95%CI: 2.363 ~ 46.940);新购羊未全部检疫的家庭成员布病感染风险是全部检疫家庭的2.848倍(OR=2.848,95%CI: 1.289 ~ 6.295)。尚未发现家庭人均年收入、养殖年限、规模、品种和与布病感染之间存在统计学关联。结论: 吉林省西部牧区养羊户家庭布病感染率较高,羊群不检疫、不免疫和混合放养等危险行为仍然存在,提示养羊户家庭成员布病感染现象严重,对于正确预防布病的认识不足,应强化养羊户家庭成员的布病感染健康教育。     

自贡市2016-2021年布鲁氏菌病暴发疫情特征分析

目的 分析自贡市2016-2021年布鲁氏菌病暴发疫情特点,为非牧区布病聚集性疫情控制提供依据。方法 对2016-2021年自贡市布鲁氏菌病暴发进行现场调查,筛查重点及高危人群和涉及牲畜,分析疫情发生原因及特点,采取相应控制措施。结果 2016-2021年共报告4起布鲁氏菌病本地暴发疫情,涉及20例患者。病例共同暴露者筛查阳性率14.67%(11/76),畜间血清学筛查阳性率16.67%(19/114);MLVA分析显示分离到菌株与北京、宁夏分离菌株同源性为90.6%。结论 2016-2021年自贡布病疫情传染源均为病羊,食用未煮熟羊肉、私下引种(交易)山羊及无防护屠宰加工是引起布鲁氏菌病暴发的主要原因,应强化国内重点地区牲畜引种、畜产品交易的检疫力度,加强对职业人群的监测工作,开展重点人群的知识宣传。     

2020年陕西省一起布鲁氏菌病暴发疫情的调查分析

目的 调查2020年陕西省泾阳县一起家庭布鲁氏菌病(布病)暴发疫情的原因,明确传染源和传播途径,为阻断疫情传播提供科学依据。方法 对报告病例开展布病流行病学调查,并对病例和牲畜进行布病检测和布鲁氏菌分离培养鉴定种型,对结果进行描述和分析。结果 共发现7例确诊病例和6例隐性感染者;确诊病例发病时间为3月18日至5月7日,临床表现以发热为主;经分析,病例发病与食用牛肉无关联(OR=0.48,95%CI:0.08~2.85),与去过首发病例家有关(OR=141.00, 95%CI:17.15~1 159.28);13例病例、2只羊和2只公犬布鲁氏菌抗体检测阳性,血清抗体滴度从1∶100(++)到1∶800(++++)以上;从2例病例、2只羊和1只公犬血液中共分离到5株布鲁氏菌,均为羊种3型,MLVA-16基因型均为(1-5-3-13-2-2-3-2-4-41-8-6-4-3-4-5)。结论 该起布病家庭暴发疫情的原因为公犬叼食了布病阳性羊只的流产物而感染布病,继而人通过与病犬直接接触以及接触被病犬污染的水等生活物质而发病。     

非典型布鲁杆菌脊柱炎的诊断与治疗

目的：探讨非典型布鲁杆菌脊柱炎的诊断与治疗,以进一步提高临床医师对该病的认识水平及诊治能力。方法回顾分析19例布鲁杆菌脊柱炎患者,病变节段位于腰椎17例、颈椎2例。14例有羊、牛接触史。19例均行 X 线检查,16例行 CT 检查,11例行 MRI 检查,所有患者标准血清试管凝集试验（SAT）滴度均＞1∶160,虎红平板凝集试验（RBP）均为阳性。均采用规范抗菌治疗,3例患者行手术治疗。结果患者均获随访,时间3～12个月,经规范抗菌治疗后治愈18例,治愈率18／19。3例手术患者术后恢复良好。末次随访时,ESR （10．5±5．1）mm／1h,CRP （4．3±2．5）mg／L,VAS 评分（0．9±0．7）分、JOA 评分（25．0±1．8）分,JOA下腰痛评分治疗改善率78．9％;ESR、VAS 及 JOA 评分与治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）,而 CRP与治疗前比较差异无统计学意义（P ＝0．442）。结论布鲁杆菌脊柱炎易被误诊误治,对可疑患者宜早期行血清学检验,一经确诊应规范、联合、长期、足量抗菌治疗,必要时采用手术治疗,可取得良好效果。