吉林省西部牧区养羊户布鲁杆菌病感染现况调查

目的: 了解吉林省西部牧区养羊户家庭布鲁杆菌病(布病)感染及养殖现状,分析布病感染的影响因素,为控制布病在养羊户家庭中蔓延提供依据。方法: 采用多阶段抽样的方法,在吉林省西部牧区布病高发地区前郭尔罗斯蒙古族自治县抽取2个乡镇,在每个乡镇各抽取1/2的村屯,对所抽取村屯的全部养羊户家庭户主进行调查。采用面对面访谈方式收集养羊户家庭布病感染相关信息,问卷内容包括养羊户家庭一般情况、养殖情况和布病感染情况3个部分。遵循知情同意原则,采集调查家庭全部成员全血各5 mL,布病血清学诊断采用试管凝集试验(SAT)进行。分析养羊户家庭养殖情况、布病感染现状及其影响因素。结果: 共收集149份养羊户家庭问卷,82个家庭存在布病感染者,感染率为55.03%(82/149)。羊群养殖年限的长短和新购羊只是否进行检疫是影响家庭成员布病感染的独立危险因素。养殖年限≥10年且 < 15年的家庭成员布病感染风险是养殖年限<1年家庭的3.978倍(OR=3.978,95%CI: 0.005 ~ 15.746),养殖年限≥20年的家庭成员布病感染风险是养殖年限 < 1年家庭的10.531倍(OR=10.531,95%CI: 2.363 ~ 46.940);新购羊未全部检疫的家庭成员布病感染风险是全部检疫家庭的2.848倍(OR=2.848,95%CI: 1.289 ~ 6.295)。尚未发现家庭人均年收入、养殖年限、规模、品种和与布病感染之间存在统计学关联。结论: 吉林省西部牧区养羊户家庭布病感染率较高,羊群不检疫、不免疫和混合放养等危险行为仍然存在,提示养羊户家庭成员布病感染现象严重,对于正确预防布病的认识不足,应强化养羊户家庭成员的布病感染健康教育。

Survey on brucellosis infection of breeding livestock's families in Western pastoral areas of Jilin Province

Objective To understand the current situation of brucellosis infection and feeding and breeding of breeding livestock's families in Western pastoral areas of Jilin Province, to analyze the influence factors of brucellosis infection, and to provide evidence for human brucellosis controlling and spreading in breeding livestock's families. Methods Two countries were randomly selected in Qianguo county which was one of the most popular areas of brucellosis infection in Jilin Province.In each township, almost half of the villages were selected and all householders of the sheep farmers in those villages were respondents.Face to face interview was performed to collect the information on brucellosis infection.Three parts were included in the questionnaire, such as the general status of the family, breeding characteristics (breeding age, species, scale, source, stocking way, and so on.) and status of brucellosis infection.Based on the principle of informed consent, 5 mL venous blood samples of all family members of the respondents were collected, brucellosis was confirmed with serum agglutination test(SAT).The breeding characteristics of sheep farmers' families, the current situation of brucellosis infection and its related factors were analyzed. Results Out of 149 qualified papers collected, there were 84 families in which some members were infected with brucellosis, with the prevalence of brucellosis of 55.03%.Whether the new-bought sheep were all quarantined or not and the time of breeding sheep were the independent risk factors that influenced brucellosis.The risk of infecting brucellosis in the family members who breed for 10 years or more than 10 years and less 15 years was 3.978 times more dangerous than others who breed for less than one year(OR=3.978, 95%CI: 0.005-15.746), and the risk of infecting brucellosis in the family members who breed for 20 years or more than 20 years was 10.531 times more dangerous than others who breed for less than one year(OR=10.531, 95%CI:2.363-46.940).The risk of infecting brucellosis in the families in which all the new-bought sheep were quarantined was 2.848 times higher than that of infecting brucellosis in the families in which not all the new-bought sheep were quarantined(OR=2.848, 95%CI: 1.289-6.295).There was no statistical significance between brucellosis infection and breeding years, scale, and breed. Conclusion The prevalence of brucellosis infection from breeding livestock's families is higher than that from others, high-risk behaviors like non-quarantine, non-immunization and mixed-graze etc.still exist.Brucellosis infection is serious and the understanding about brucellosis prevention is insufficient among breeding livestock's families.It is necessary to strengthen further propaganda about brucellosis infection from breeding livestock's families.