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1.
BackgroundOsteocalcin is known to regulate energy metabolism. Recently, metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been found to be associated with reduced levels of osteocalcin in men, as well as in postmenopausal women. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between serum osteocalcin and MetS in premenopausal women, compared with that in postmenopausal women.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was based on 5,896 participants who completed a health screening examination. They were classified according to their menopausal status. Each group was subdivided into non-MetS and MetS groups according to the modified National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Serum osteocalcin levels were measured using the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.ResultsSerum osteocalcin level was significantly lower in women with MetS than in those without MetS, after adjusting for confounders (14.12 ± 0.04 vs. 13.17 ± 0.13 [P = 0.004] in premenopausal women, and 20.34 ± 0.09 vs. 19.62 ± 0.21 [P < 0.001] in postmenopausal women), regardless of their menopausal status. Serum osteocalcin levels decreased correspondingly with an increasing number of MetS elements (P for trend < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that waist circumference (β = −0.085 [P < 0.001] and β = −0.137 [P < 0.001]) and hemoglobin A1c (β = −0.09 [P < 0.001] and β = −0.145 [P < 0.001]) were independent predictors of osteocalcin in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Triglyceride levels were also independently associated with osteocalcin levels in premenopausal women (β = −0.004 [P < 0.013]). The odds ratio (OR) for MetS was significantly higher in the lowest quartile than in the highest quartile of serum osteocalcin levels after adjusting for age, alkaline phosphatase, uric acid, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, and body mass index in all women (OR, 2.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.49–2.68) as well as in premenopausal (OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.39–3.58) and postmenopausal (OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.26–3.23) subgroups.ConclusionLower serum osteocalcin concentrations were significantly associated with MetS in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women and were therefore independent of menopausal status.  相似文献   
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Background:

Menopausal symptoms and sleep difficulty were physiological processes that were affected by genetic and other factors. This study was to investigate the prevalence of menopausal symptoms and sleep quality in menopausal transition (MT) and postmenopause (PM) women in Taiyuan, Shanxi.

Methods:

A community-based survey of women''s menopausal symptoms and sleep quality was conducted between July 2012 and May 2013 at six municipal districts of Taiyuan, Shanxi. A sample of 2429 women aged 40–59 years was divided into four groups: early MT, late MT, early PM, and late PM. Sleep quality in the past 2 weeks before the interview was recorded. The data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0.

Results:

The prevalence of menopausal symptoms was 49.8%. Mild, moderate, and severe symptoms were observed in 28.9%, 18.5%, and 2.5% of participants, respectively. The highest prevalence of menopausal symptoms occurred in the early postmenopausal stage; the subsequences were the late postmenopausal stage and the early MT stage. Interestingly, among the 13 items of modified Kupperman index, the five most common symptoms were fatigue, arthralgia and myalgia, decreased libido, insomnia, and nervousness. Meanwhile, 55% perimenopausal women had poor sleep.

Conclusions:

Menopausal symptoms are common but mild among women in Taiyuan, Shanxi during MT and PM. In these stages, the prevalence of poor sleep is high.  相似文献   
4.
BackgroundTo evaluate the effect of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil inhalation on sleep and menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women with insomnia.Participants35 postmenopausal women with a clinical diagnosis of insomnia were included, 17 in Aroma Group (AG) and 18 in Placebo Group (PG).MethodsIn this double-blind, randomized controlled trial, PG participants inhaled sunflower oil and AG participants inhaledLavandula angustifolia essential oil, for 29 days. Both groups received sleep hygiene guidelines before the intervention and weekly follow-up during it. Evaluations were performed before and after intervention. All statistical analyses and intention-to-treat test were performed in SPSS 22. Sleep quality (Primary outcome) was measured by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Secondary outcomes were polysomnography data, severity of insomnia, anxiety and depression symptoms, and postmenopausal symptoms.ResultsThere were no significant differences between groups after intervention in the primary outcome (P = 0.22; effect size=0.69); however, a tendency of improvement in wake after sleep onset (WASO) was observed (P = 0.07; effect size=0.81; B = 42.2). Both groups presented better sleep quality over time (AG P < 0.001; PG P = 0.011). AG participants showed a significant decrease in sleep onset latency (P = 0.001), depression levels (P = 0.025), hot flashes (P < 0.001), postmenopausal symptoms (P < 0.001) and, in polysomnography data, increased sleep efficiency (P = 0.002) compared to baseline.ConclusionAlthough no significant differences were observed between groups, our data presented a tendency of improvement in WASO. Moreover, AG participants had enhanced overall sleep pattern, quality and sleep efficiency. Weekly follow-up and sleep hygiene instructions were essential for both groups to show improvement in almost all outcomes.Clinical trial registrationBrazilian Registry of Clinical Trials, www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br, RBR-5q5t5z.  相似文献   
5.
随着我国女性健康意识的提高,绝经后子宫内膜增厚越来越受到重视。子宫内膜癌是女性生殖器官常见恶性肿瘤之一,在绝经后妇女中常表现为子宫内膜增厚和绝经后阴道出血。经阴道超声测量绝经后妇女的子宫内膜厚度是常用的子宫内膜癌早期筛查手段。在医学上,对于无阴道出血症状的绝经期女性,子宫内膜厚度与子宫内膜癌相关性尚不明确。无症状绝经期子宫内膜增厚的患者要根据是否存在高危因素个体化评估患子宫内膜癌的风险。适当的诊断不仅对子宫内膜病变的早发现早治疗有重要意义,也可避免造成绝经女性的过度恐慌和减少不必要的有创诊疗,在临床中有现实意义。综述绝经后子宫内膜增厚疾病的特点以及经阴道超声检查的评估价值。  相似文献   
6.
目的探讨绝经后妇女子宫颈癌前病变的特点。方法收集2017年6月至2018年11月在郑州大学第一附属医院行阴道镜下活检诊断为子宫颈高级别鳞状上皮内病变(HSIL)并行子宫颈锥切术的2013例患者的临床病理资料,其中绝经组439例,未绝经组1574例,对两组患者的临床特点、高危型HPV检测、液基薄层细胞学检查(TCT)、阴道镜检查及活检结果、子宫颈锥切术后病理结果等进行对比分析。结果(1)临床特点:绝经组接触性出血的发生率与未绝经组比较无显著差异[分别为4.3%(19/439)、6.4%(101/1574);χ2=2.672,P=0.102]。绝经组有接触性出血症状的患者中锥切术后病理结果为子宫颈癌的比例明显高于未绝经组[分别为10/19、22.8%(23/101);χ2=7.157,P=0.007];绝经组无症状的患者中锥切术后病理结果为子宫颈癌的比例也明显高于未绝经组[分别为9.0%(38/420)、4.3%(63/1473);χ2=14.726,P<0.01]。绝经组子宫颈表面光滑患者的比例明显高于未绝经组[分别为63.6%(279/439)、35.5%(558/1574);χ2=111.601,P<0.01]。(2)高危型HPV检测:绝经组患者高危型HPV阳性率与未绝经组比较无显著差异[分别为92.0%(404/439)、94.4%(1486/1574);χ2=3.394,P=0.065];两组均以HPV 16型阳性率最高[分别为65.8%(289/439)和68.0%(1070/1574)],但两组比较无显著差异(χ2=0.722,P=0.395)。(3)TCT检查:TCT检查结果包括未见上皮内病变或恶性病变(NILM)、未明确诊断意义的不典型鳞状上皮细胞(ASCUS)、不除外高度病变的不典型鳞状上皮细胞(ASC-H)、低级别鳞状上内病变(LSIL)、HSIL,两组TCT检查结果分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(4)阴道镜检查:与未绝经组比较,绝经组阴道镜检查不充分的比例[分别为32.5%(511/1574)、87.5%(384/439)]、子宫颈Ⅲ型转化区的比例[分别为21.9%(344/1574)、80.0%(351/439)]、行子宫颈管刮取术(ECC)的比例[分别为20.5%(322/1574)、35.3%(155/439)]、ECC阳性率[分别为53.1%(171/322)、67.7%(105/155)]均显著增高(P<0.01);子宫颈病变累及阴道壁的比例也显著增高[分别为1.0%(16/1574)、5.9%(26/439);χ2=40.443,P<0.01],且绝经组患者累及阴道壁的病变的程度与子宫颈病变的程度呈显著正相关(r=0.660,P<0.01)。(5)锥切术后病理升级情况:与未绝经组比较,绝经组患者锥切术后切缘阳性率[分别为4.8%(75/1574)、14.6%(64/439)]、病理升级的比例[分别为5.5%(86/1574)、10.9%(48/439)]均显著增高(P<0.01)。结论绝经后妇女阴道镜检查常不充分,多为Ⅲ型转化区,病变更易累及子宫颈管及阴道壁,临床上应重视子宫颈管的搔刮及阴道壁的全面检查。绝经后妇女的锥切术后切缘阳性率高,锥切术后病理升级的比例高,常需进一步干预。  相似文献   
7.
目的分析妇女绝经后阴道出血原因。方法对本院2006年3月至2012年3月122例阴道出血患者进行回顾性分析。结果绝经后阴道出血122例患者中,妇科炎症引起出血57例,占46.72%;功能性子宫出血26例,占21.31%;恶性肿瘤21例,占17.21%;宫内节育器10例,占8.20%;子宫肌瘤4例,占3.28%。21例恶性肿瘤患者中,绝经年限〈5年组有3例,占该组出血例数的7.50%;绝经年限6~10年组有3例,占该组出血例数的9.09%;绝经年限11~20年组有6例,占该组出血例数的20.00%;≥20年组有9例,占该组出血例数的47.37%。结论绝经后妇女阴道出血患者中,源于妇科炎症者居多;恶性肿瘤发生率较低,其发生率和绝经年限呈正比关系,应及时诊断、治疗;绝经后宫内节育器应及时取出,以免对自身造成伤害。  相似文献   
8.
目的:探讨绝经后女性骨代谢标志物与骨质疏松之间的关系.方法:双能X线骨密度仪测定患者股骨的骨密度(BMD),计算其BMD与正常年轻人的骨峰值比值(以t值表示),并按照骨密度值将120例患者分为63例非骨质疏松组和57例骨质疏松组.选用瑞士罗氏诊断公司COBAS6000全自动电化学发光免疫分析仪,测定骨代谢标志物总骨I型前胶原N端肽(PINP)、血清骨钙素(N-MID)和β胶原特殊序列(β-crosslaps)的水平.结果:PINP、N-MID和β-crosslaps水平骨质疏松组均高于非骨质疏松组;两组患者的BMD、PINP、N-MID和β-crosslaps水平之间均具有统计学差异(P<0.05).结论:绝经后女性的骨代谢标志物与骨质疏松的发生关系密切,血清中P1NP、N-MID、B-Crosslaps可作为诊断绝经后妇女骨质疏松症的理想生化指标.  相似文献   
9.
近年来,随着女性健康意识及超声检查技术的提高,超声发现绝经后妇女子宫内膜增厚的比例明显上升。根据有无阴道出血可将绝经后子宫内膜增厚分为绝经后子宫内膜增厚伴阴道出血及无症状的绝经后子宫内膜增厚。绝经后子宫内膜增厚的病因及病理类型复杂,早期无临床症状或仅表现为绝经后阴道出血(postmenopausal bleeding,PMB),诊断性刮宫或与宫腔镜检查联合是诊断子宫内膜病变的主要方式。目前子宫内膜厚度与子宫内膜病变的关系尚未明确,而对有无阴道出血的子宫内膜增厚的患者,对内膜增厚的评估的标准是不同的。根据子宫内膜厚度决定是否进一步检查以对子宫内膜病变做到早发现早治疗有重要意义。对绝经后子宫内膜增厚的发病原因、子宫内膜增厚的评估和诊疗进行阐述。  相似文献   
10.
Background.?Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (METS) and its components significantly increase after the menopause. Related increased cardiovascular risk may partially be explained by a pro-inflammatory state.

Objective.?To assess pro-inflammatory cytokine serum levels in postmenopausal women with and without the METS.

Methods.?Serum of 90 postmenopausal women who previously participated in a METS screening programme was analysed for tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Cytokine levels were compared among those with and without the syndrome, and for each of its components. Linear relationships were also assessed between cytokine levels and several continuous variables including each diagnostic METS criteria and menopausal symptoms assessed with the Menopause Specific Quality of Life tool (MENQOL).

Results.?For all studied women mean age was 55.1?±?7.3 years with 63.3% having abdominal obesity, 15.6% hyperglycaemia, 58.9% high triglycerides, 44.4% hypertension and 25.6% high total cholesterol levels. Women with the METS (n?=?45) significantly had higher body mass index values, and higher rates of abdominal obesity, hyperglycaemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension and lower HDL-C levels. Cytokine levels did not differ among women with or without the METS; however, independent of METS diagnosis those with abdominal obesity displayed significantly higher IL-6 levels and those with hypertension higher levels of both cytokines. Levels of both cytokines positively correlated with age and time since menopause, IL-6 positively correlating with waist circumference values and TNF-α positively with both systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels. A significant positive correlation was also found between the number of positive METS criteria (0–5) and both cytokine levels. Cytokine levels did not correlate with vasomotor and psycho-social MENQOL scores.

Conclusion.?Pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in this postmenopausal series positively correlated with age, time since the menopause, abdominal circumference, blood pressures levels and the number of positive METS diagnostic criteria. There is a need for more research in this regard.  相似文献   
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