Variability in non-core vaccination rates of dogs and cats in veterinary clinics across the United States

Vaccination guidelines for dogs and cats indicate that core vaccines (for dogs, rabies, distemper, adenovirus, parvovirus; for cats, feline parvovirus, herpes virus-1, calicivirus) are essential to maintain health, and that non-core vaccines be administered according to a clinician’s assessment of a pet’s risk of exposure and susceptibility to infection. A reliance on individual risk assessment introduces the potential for between-practice inconsistencies in non-core vaccine recommendations. A study was initiated to determine non-core vaccination rates of dogs (Leptospira, Borrelia burgdorferi, Bordetella bronchiseptica, canine influenza virus) and cats (feline leukemia virus) in patients current for core vaccines in veterinary practices across the United States. Transactional data for 5,531,866 dogs (1,670 practices) and 1,914,373 cats (1,661 practices) were retrieved from practice management systems for the period November 1, 2016 through January 1, 2020, deidentified and normalized. Non-core vaccination status was evaluated in 2,798,875 dogs and 788,772 cats that were core-vaccine current. Nationally, median clinic vaccination rates for dogs were highest for leptospirosis (70.5%) and B. bronchiseptica (68.7%), and much lower for canine influenza (4.8%). In Lyme-endemic states, the median clinic borreliosis vaccination rate was 51.8%. Feline leukemia median clinic vaccination rates were low for adult cats (34.6%) and for kittens and 1-year old cats (36.8%). Individual clinic vaccination rates ranged from 0 to 100% for leptospirosis, B. bronchiseptica and feline leukemia, 0–96% for canine influenza, and 0–94% for borreliosis. Wide variation in non-core vaccination rates between clinics in similar geographies indicates that factors other than disease risk are driving the use of non-core vaccines in pet dogs and cats, highlighting a need for veterinary practices to address gaps in patient protection. Failure to implement effective non-core vaccination strategies leaves susceptible dogs and cats unprotected against vaccine-preventable diseases.     

新生儿肺炎PCT和炎性因子水平表达及其意义

目的研究新生儿肺炎(NP)患儿血清高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平表达及其意义。方法选取2017年1月-2018年2月韶关市曲江区妇幼保健计划生育服务中心诊治的NP患儿80例,按细菌感染情况分为观察1组和观察2组,各40例。选择同期40例健康新生儿作为对照组。测定并比较三组的hs-CRP、PCT和IL-6水平。结果观察1组血清PCT、hs-CRP和IL-6水平明显高于观察2组和对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察1组血清PCT、hs-CRP和1L-6检测阳性率明显高于观察2组和对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且观察1组血清PCT、hs-CRP和1L-6诊断NP的敏感度均明显高于观察2组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组各指标特异度与观察2组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论血清hs-CRP、PCT、IL-6水平可作为NP患儿的辅助鉴别指标,为抗生素的合理使用和疗效提供依据。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎防控形势下儿童青少年慢性心力衰竭的临床管理建议

2019年12月我国湖北省武汉市爆发新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)感染疫情,目前已蔓延至全国各地,流行病学显示人群对该病毒普遍易感,且患有基础疾病的患者是重症、危重症的高危人群,同时儿童青少年感染病例数正日益增多。慢性心力衰竭儿童因其基础条件差,感染2019-nCoV后将给此类患儿的诊治带来严峻的挑战。结合儿童2019-nCoV感染的临床特点及儿童慢性心力衰竭的诊治要点,在此提出慢性心力衰竭儿童2019-nCoV感染的临床管理建议,以供临床参考。     

疱疹病毒抗体阳性肺炎支原体肺炎患儿免疫状况及临床特征

目的探讨疱疹病毒抗体阳性的肺炎支原体肺炎(MPP)患儿免疫状况及临床特征。方法回顾分析2015年1月—2017年5月收治的360例2个月～16岁因MPP住院的患儿临床资料,以EB病毒(EBV)、巨细胞病毒(CMV)、单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)任一疱疹病毒IgM抗体阳性的162例患儿为抗体阳性组,另198例EBV、CMV、HSV抗体均阴性的患儿作为对照组,两组进行分析比较。结果 360例MPP患儿中男188例、女172例,合并疱疹病毒IgM抗体阳性162例,其中EBV IgM阳性97例,阳性率26.9%;CMV IgM阳性39例,阳性率10.8%;HSV IgM阳性97例,阳性率26.9%。所有患儿均未予抗病毒治疗,经治疗症状缓解好转出院。抗体阳性组重症MPP、大叶性实变、并发呼吸衰竭的比例均高于对照组,血清IgM、CD~(4+)T细胞、CD~(8+)T细胞、淋巴细胞、NK细胞、白细胞计数、乳酸脱氢酶、丙氨酸氨基转移酶均高于对照组,大环内酯类抗生素使用时间长于对照组,使用激素率高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。MPP合并2种病毒IgM抗体阳性者的血IgM和三酰甘油水平高于合并1种者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。合并3种病毒IgM抗体阳性者与合并1种者比较,住院时间、发热时间、大环内酯类抗生素使用时间均有延长,血IgM、丙氨酸氨基转移酶水平更高,重症MPP发生率增高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论疱疹病毒IgM抗体阳性MPP患儿的炎症反应强烈,临床症状重,病程长,并发症多,需更长时间的治疗。