Estimated Reductions in Added Sugar Intake among US Children and Youth in Response to Sugar Reduction Targets

BackgroundIn 2021, the National Salt and Sugar Reduction Initiative (NSSRI) released voluntary sugar reduction targets for packaged foods and drinks in the United States.ObjectiveThe objectives of this study were to describe trends in added sugar intake from NSSRI foods and beverages among children and youth and estimate possible reductions if industry were to meet the targets.DesignThis study consisted of cross-sectional and trend analyses of demographic and 24-hour dietary recall data from eight survey cycles (2003-2004 to 2017-2018) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Participants/settingThe study sample included 23,248 children and youth (aged 2 to 19 years).Main outcome measuresThe main outcome measure was the percent of daily calories from added sugar for foods and beverages in NSSRI categories.Statistical analyses performedFoods and beverages reported by participants were mapped to one of the NSSRI’s categories or coded as a non-NSSRI item. Trends over time in added sugar intake were assessed using regression models. To assess possible reductions in added sugar intake if industry were to meet the targets, sales-weighted mean percent reductions for 2023 and 2026 targets were applied to NSSRI items in the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Suvey data. Results were examined overall and by demographic characteristics.ResultsFrom 2003-2004 to 2017-2018, added sugar intake from NSSRI foods and beverages declined, but consumption remained high. During 2017-2018, NSSRI categories accounted for 70% of US child and youth added sugar intake. If industry met the NSSRI targets, US children and youth would consume 7% (2023 targets) to 21% (2026 targets) less added sugar.ConclusionsAlthough added sugar intake from NSSRI foods and drinks has declined over the past decade, added sugar intake from all sources remains high and consumption of added sugar from certain NSSRI categories has remained steady over time. If met, the NSSRI targets are expected to result in meaningful reductions in added sugar intake for US children and youth.     

人性化护理模式在手术室护理中的应用价值评价

目的讨论人性化护理模式对手术室患者治疗效果。方法回顾分析我院2018年1月-2018年12月份手术室收治的160例患者,按照患者的个人意愿随机分为常规护理组和人性化护理组,每组各80例。分别采取常规护理和人性化护理,对比两组患者的治疗效果。结果根据数据统计结果显示,人性化护理组患者的护理满意度(73.75%)高于常规护理组(58.75%),P<0.05,具有统计学意义。结论由于手术室患者的病情较重,而且很容易对手术产生明显的恐惧情绪。而人性化护理模式能够照顾患者情绪,有效减少手术时间,增强患者的手术信息,确保整个手术顺利进行,也能够促进术后患者的康复效果。     

肝癌介入导管室应用精细化护理预防医院感染的价值

目的 探讨肝癌介入导管室应用精细化护理预防医院感染的价值。方法 选择2014年1月～2017年12月在我院放射科导管室接受介入治疗的820例肝癌患者作为研究对象,其中2014年1月～2015年12月行常规护理的患者作为常规护理组,2016年1月～2017年12月行精细化护理的患者作为精细化护理组。对比两组医护人员无菌接触戴手套和外科洗手情况,对比两组导管室物品无菌情况,对比两组患者医院感染和住院时间情况。结果 精细化护理组医护人员无菌接触戴手套和外科洗手检测的合格率均显著性高于常规护理组(P0.05);精细化护理组导管室空气、导管室物品表面、消毒剂以及无菌物品的无菌情况的合格率均显著性高于常规护理组(P0.05);精细化护理组患者的医院感染率和住院时间均显著性小于常规护理组(P0.05)。结论 导管室对肝癌患者行介入治疗时实施精细化护理可以显著降低医院感染的发生率,缩短住院时间,具有很高的临床价值。     

Optimal parameter selection problem with application to the synchronization of delivery cycles in a supply chain with Wiener process

In this paper, we use optimal parameter selection technique to develop two models involving single‐vendor–multiple‐buyer supply chain, which are called the dynamic independent optimization (DIO) model and the dynamic synchronized cycles (DSC) model, respectively. These models are, respectively, similar to the traditional static independent policy model and the traditional static synchronized cycle model, except that the deterministic demands of the buyers in the above two static models are now being replaced by the stochastic demands satisfying a Wiener process, which have more real‐life applications. Similar to the above static synchronized cycles model, the synchronization of the supply chain in our DSC model is also achieved by scheduling the delivery days of the buyers and coordinating them with the vendor's production cycle. Finding the optimal expected system costs of the DIO model and the DSC model involves solving optimal parameter selection problems governed by ordinary differential equations, whose final times are continuous decision variables and discrete decision variables, respectively. Computational methods have been developed for solving these problems. Numerical results show that the coordinated policy is better than the independent optimization policy, in terms of minimizing the expected system cost of the entire supply chain. Sensitivity analysis is performed to test the effect of changing the cost coefficients and the value on the performances of these models, where is the ratio of the total mean demand rate of all the buyers over the vendor's production rate.     

工勤员主管与护士长协作对手术室管理质量的影响

目的探讨手术室工勤员主管和护士长协作管理模式在手术室工勤员管理中的应用效果。方法于2019年开始设置工勤员主管1名,协作护士长进行工勤员管理。评价实施前后管理效果。结果实施协作管理模式后,工勤员月质量考核分、手术室环境卫生检查得分、医护人员及工勤员满意度评分显著高于管理前(均P<0.01),工作缺陷减少。结论工勤员主管和护士长协作管理模式有利于提高手术室工勤员工作质量,提高工勤员和医护人员满意度。     

目标教学在手术室护理带教中的应用效果观察

目的观察目标教学在手术室护理带教中的应用效果。方法选取2018年9月—2019年6月期间,医院手术室的48名实习护士,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组各24例。对照组行传统护理带教方法,试验组行目标教学带教。对比带教后两组考核成绩及带教满意度。结果带教后,试验组职业防护意识、风险意识、无菌观念、常见小中手术配合熟练度、常见小中手术护理要点掌握、基本工作职责及流程掌握等评分与对照组差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组专科操作、操作测评及理论测评成绩与对照组差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论于手术室护理带教中应用目标教学,具有理想效果,有助于提升考核成绩及专业技能。