研究倍他乐克对舒张性心力衰竭患者心功能的影响

目的研究倍他乐克对舒张性心力衰竭患者心功能的影响。方法选取60例舒张性心力衰竭患者,随机分成试验组30例,对照组30例。对照组采用速尿、血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂、硝酸脂类等药物治疗,试验组在对照组的基础上使用倍他乐克治疗。治疗8周后随访,比较两组患者收缩压、舒张压、心率、E峰/A峰、等容舒张时间、左室射血分数。结果试验组各指标明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论倍他乐克对舒张性心力衰竭患者改善心功能有效,值得在临床推广。     

微创经皮肾穿刺取石术治疗输尿管上段结石

目的 探讨微创经皮肾穿刺取石术(mini—PCNL)治疗输尿管上段结石的手术适应证、方法及疗效。方法 采用X线定位下行微创肾盂输尿管连接处经皮肾穿刺术后，应用输尿管镜和气压腔内碎石机进行碎石取石术。结果 32例患中30例1次取净结石，2例因术中出血，改期行第2次手术取净结石。结石1次取净率93．8％，结石总取净率为100％。结论 mini—PCNL术治疗输尿管上段结石具有取石成功率高、创伤小、恢复快、住院时间短等优点。     

机器人辅助腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术的预后风险因素

目的探讨机器人辅助腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术(RARC)后的预后风险因素。方法回顾性分析南京鼓楼医院2014年12月至2018年12月收治的224例行RARC患者的临床和随访资料,男193例,女31例。平均年龄68(36~92)岁。7例(3.1%)接受新辅助化疗。125例(55.8%)美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)评分>2分。平均体质指数23.4(15.4~35.5)kg/m2。所有患者均行RARC。使用Kaplan-Meier法绘制无复发生存率(RFS)、癌症特异性生存率(CSS)和总生存率(OS)曲线。使用Cox比例风险回归模型评估RARC患者生存结局与围手术期和病理因素的相关性。结果本组224例手术,中位手术时间380(160~670)min。中位术中估计失血量为350(100~1900)ml,72例(32.1%)术中输血。术后T分期分别为≤T1期82例,T2期64例,T3期57例,T4期21例。淋巴结转移49例(21.9%),手术切缘阳性12例(5.4%),伴淋巴脉管侵犯(LVI)82例(36.6%)。术后辅助化疗41例(18.3%)。中位随访时间24(11~60)个月。5年累积OS、RFS和CSS分别为57.15%、48.84%和59.60%。单因素Cox回归分析结果显示T分期(HR=5.764,95%CI 1.926~17.249,P=0.002;HR=4.086,95%CI 1.611~10.364,P=0.003;HR=9.391,95%CI 2.118~41.637,P=0.003)、N分期(HR=6.446,95%CI 3.438~12.087,P<0.001;HR=5.661,95%CI 3.086~10.385,P<0.001;HR=5.980,95%CI 2.982~11.992,P<0.001)、LVI(HR=3.319,95%CI 2.008~5.486,P<0.001;HR=2.894,95%CI 1.782~4.701,P<0.001;HR=3.471,95%CI 2.017~5.974,P<0.001)、ASA评分(HR=2.888,95%CI 1.619~5.150,P<0.001;HR=1.765,95%CI 1.060~2.940,P=0.029;HR=2.612,95%CI 1.424~4.792,P=0.002)、体质指数(HR=0.886,95%CI 0.819~0.957,P=0.002;HR=0.885,95%CI 0.819~0.955,P=0.002;HR=0.862,95%CI 0.792~0.938,P=0.001)、年龄(HR=1.580,95%CI 1.250~1.997,P<0.001;HR=1.362,95%CI 1.088~1.705,P=0.007;HR=1.530,95%CI 1.190~1.968,P=0.001)和术中输血(HR=1.899,95%CI 1.160~3.108,P=0.011;HR=2.218,95%CI 1.371~3.587,P=0.001;HR=2.227,95%CI 1.312~3.782,P=0.003)是OS、RFS和CSS的显著预测因素。多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,T分期(HR=4.506,95%CI 1.433~14.175,P=0.01;HR=3.159,95%CI 1.180~8.454,P=0.022;HR=7.810,95%CI 1.674~36.444,P=0.009),N分期(HR=6.096,95%CI 2.981~12.467,P<0.001;HR=5.368,95%CI 2.683~10.740,P<0.001;HR=5.539,95%CI 2.497~12.288,P<0.001)和ASA评分(HR=6.180,95%CI 2.371~16.110,P<0.001;HR=2.702,95%CI 1.175~6.215,P=0.019;HR=6.471,95%CI 2.290~18.286,P<0.001)分别是OS、RFS和CSS的独立预测因素,辅助化疗(HR=0.434,95%CI 0.202~0.930,P=0.032)是OS的独立预测因素。结论T分期、N分期和ASA评分是RARC术后患者OS、RFS和CSS的独立预测因素,辅助化疗是OS的独立预测因素。     

后腹腔镜治疗肾上腺囊肿5例

我科2000年5月～2003年6月应用后腹腔镜治疗。肾上腺囊肿5例，疗效满意，现报道如下。     

“3S2E”护理管理及服务模式在脑卒中吞咽功能障碍患者中的应用

目的探讨"3S2E"护理管理模式在脑卒中吞咽功能障碍患者中的应用效果。方法选择2017年1—12月江苏省徐州市中心医院康复科收治的脑卒中伴吞咽功能障碍患者93例,将2017年1—6月的患者设为对照组(n=42),2017年7—12月的患者设为观察组(n=51),对照组患者住院期间、出院时给予常规护理措施及出院指导;观察组患者在对照组基础上实施"3S2E"护理管理模式,主要包括提高护理人员的业务技能、强化护理人员的服务意识、保障护理安全、对患者进行吞咽功能评估及健康教育。结果治疗4周后,观察组患者的吞咽功能障碍风险程度、吞咽功能障碍评分低于于对照组(P均0.05),观察组患者的误吸人次数和吸入性肺炎人次数均少于对照组(P均0.05),观察组患者血红蛋白、血清白蛋白水平高于对照组(P均0.05),且两组患者在护理满意度等级分布上存在统计学差异(P0.05)。结论 "3S2E"护理管理模式的实施,不仅改善了脑卒中吞咽障碍患者的吞咽功能,降低了患者不良事件的发生率,也提升了患者的护理满意度,保障了护理安全。     

开放冷循环射频消融治疗孤立肾肾细胞癌

孤立肾或功能性孤立肾肾癌的治疗是一个比较棘手的问题,随着肿瘤局部治疗技术的发展,多种微创的治疗方式被应用于临床,冷循环射频是在传统射频基础上发展起来的一种新型治疗技术.2006年5月至2008年3月,我院应用该技术治疗9例孤立肾肾细胞癌,临床疗效较满意,现报告如下.     

中西医结合治疗骶尾部褥疮5例报告

1989年起我院采用了中西医结合的方法治疗骶尾部褥疮,效果显著,报告如下.本组男3例、女2例,年龄41～86岁,深度:Ⅱ°2例,Ⅱ°～Ⅱ°2例,Ⅱ°1例.褥疮面积最大12×10cm,最小5×5cm.治疗方法及机理:一、红外线光疗法;红外线光对机体组织的作用,是使细胞分于运动加速、局部产生热、使组织温度升高.由于热作用,褥疮周围血管扩张,血运加速,同时温度升,局部组织代谢旺盛、营养增加,从而使组织细胞活动能力及再生能力增强.由于红外线光作用,褥疮周围血供增加,皮肤乳头层水肿,周围白细胞浸润,网状内皮系统吞噬能力增强,使局部炎症迅速消退,代谢产物迅速吸收.     

后腹腔镜下冷冻消融治疗小肾肿瘤的初步报告

Objective To present the technique and short-term results of retroperitoneal laparoscopic renal cryoablation for small renal tumors. Methods Ten selected patients cases with 11 renal tumors were included in present study. There were 3 cases of left renal tumor, 6 cases of right renal tumor and 1 case of bilateral renal tumors. Tumors were located at the upper pole (2), middle (6), or lower pole (3). All tumors were located distant from the collecting system, without evidence of metastatic disease. Mean tumor size was 2. 8 cm (range: 1.5-4.0). All the patients were managed with a double freeze-thaw cycle of retroperitoneal laparoscopic renal cryoablation. The preoperative Hb was (137± 21)g/L, ESR was (27±12)mm/1 h, SCr was (92±41)μmol/L, GFR was (42±10)ml/min.All the patients were taken routine biopsies. Results Cryoablation was technically successful in all 10 patients (11 tumors). The mean time of the operations was (101 ± 31) min, and the mean blood loss was (42±21) ml. None of the cases received blood transfusion post-operation. No operative complication was seen. The postoperative hospital stay was (4±2) d. The postoperative Hb was (129 ±18)g/L,ESR was (31±14)mm/1 h,SCr was (95±39)μmol/L,GFR was (40±11)ml/min. There was no statistic change of Hb, ESR, SCr and ECT-GFR after operations(P＞0. 05). The biopsy results revealed that 8 tumors were renal clear cell carcinomas, and 2 tumors were papillary renal cell carcinomas, and 1 tumor was renal angiomyolipoma. All the patients had a minimum follow-up of 6 months (mean 16, range 6 to 21). Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging at 1, 3, and 6 months identified the punched-out, nonenhancing, spontaneously resorbing, renal cryolesions. Follow-up biopsie of the cryoablated tumor site was negative in the only patient who have undergone the biopsy. No evidence of local or port-site recurrence was found, and no metastatic disease. Conclusions Retroperitoneal laparoscopic renal cryoablation for small renal tumors could be an accurate and effective intervention with a relatively low incidence of complications. Critical long-term data regarding laparoscopic renal cryoablation are awaited.