白藜芦醇甙对新生大鼠HIBD后脑组织细胞间黏附分子-1表达的影响

目的 探讨白藜芦醇甙(PD)对缺氧缺血性脑损伤(HIBD)新生大鼠脑组织细胞间黏附分子(ICAM-1)表达的影响.方法 7日龄SD大鼠54只随机分为假手术组、HIBD自然恢复组和PD治疗组,采用经典的Rice方法制备HIBD动物模型,用免疫组织化学方法观察各组大鼠脑皮质微血管内皮ICAM-1的表达.结果 假手术组少许脑...     

肠折叠术在肠闭锁手术中的应用

目的 评价肠折叠术在肠闭锁手术中的应用效果.方法 回顾分析2005年4月至2009年4月南京医科大学附属南京儿童医院收治的68例肠闭锁患儿术前、术中和术后恢复过程的临床资料,比较手术方法、胎龄、出生体重、伴发疾病、手术年龄和时间、住院时间、全静脉营养持续时间、肠功能恢复时间(术后经口喂养时间、术后经口喂养达40ml/3 h的时间)、生长发育以及是否需再手术等方面的差异.结果 根据手术方法将患儿分为二组,38例在切除闭锁盲端肠吻合基础上加肠折叠术(折叠组),30例行扩张段斜行切除肠成形术(对照组);二组在胎龄、出生体重、伴发疾病、手术年龄上差异无统计学意义;折叠组手术时间(1.21±0.24)h、住院时间(12.2±2.5)d比对照组(1.77±0.31)h、(17.3±3.2)d显著减少(P＜0.05);折叠组术后经口喂养时间、术后经口喂养达40ml/3 h的时间和全静脉营养持续时间分别是(8±2.3)d、(13.1±1.9)d、(8.3±1.8)d,均比对照组(12.9±1.7)d、(18.7±1.1)d、(13.6±2.5)d显著缩短(P＜0.05);术后半年内折叠组有1例因粘连性肠梗阻需再次手术,对照组共有6例术后半年内再次手术,其中术后功能性肠梗阻3例、吻合口漏2例、粘连性肠梗阻1例,比折叠组显著增加.术后平均随访时间为2.7年(6个月至5年),二组生长发育达到正常标准,差异无统计学意义.结论 肠闭锁手术时在肠吻合基础上加肠折叠术,方法简单,创伤小,并发症少,有助于保留肠管吸收面积和促进肠功能恢复,可以作为预防肠闭锁扩张肠管功能性梗阻的一种有效选择方法.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of bowel plication as a part the surgical treatment of intestinal atresia (IA) in childrea Methods Between April 2005 and April 2009,68 neonates with IA underwent surgical treatment in this center. According to the surgical procedures the patients underwent, the 68 neonates were divided into bowel plication group and control group. The 38 children underwent bowel plication after atretic segments resection and primary anastomosis. The 30 children of the control group underwent tapering enteroplasty after atretic segments resection. Data including operation procedures,ages,birth weight,concomitant diseases,age at surgery, length of hospital stay, length of total parenteral nutrition (TPN),postoperative intestinal function recovery (the time of the first oral feeding and the oral feeding volume reached 40 ml/kg/3h),growth and development,complications and reoperations were retrospectively analyzed. Results No differences of ages, birth weight, age at operation, and concomitant diseases were found between the two groups. The time of operation and hospital stay of the bowel plication group were significantly shorter than those of the control group [(1.21±0.24)h,(12.2±2.5)d vs. (1. 77 ± 0. 31)h, (17. 3 ± 3. 2)d,P＜0. 010]. The time of the first oral feeding, the time when oral feeding volume reached 40 ml/kg/3h,and TPN length of the bowel plication group were also shorter than those of control group [(8 ± 2. 3)d, (13. 1 ± 1. 9)d, (8. 3 ± 1.8)d vs (12. 9 ±1. 7)d,(18. 7 ± 1. l)d,(13. 6 ± 2. 5)d,P＜0. 05]. In the bowel plication group, 1 (2. 6%) underwent reoperation for adhesive intestinal obstruction half a year after the initial surgery. However,in the control group,6 (20%) included 3 underwent reoperation for intestinal obstruction,2 for anastomotic leakage and 1 for adhesive intestinal obstruction. The patients were followed up for an average period of 2. 7 years (6 months-5 years). All infants thrived. Conclusions The additional bowel plication after atretic segment resection and primary anastomosis improves the clinical outcomes for children with intestinal atresia.     

新生儿围产期肝脾出血的临床特点和预后分析

目的 总结新生儿围产期肝脾出血的临床特点、诊治方法 和预后.方法 回顾分析1992年6月1日至2009年6月1日南京医科大学附属南京儿童医院新生儿内、外科收治的围产期肝脾出血新生儿的临床资料,分析病因、临床表现、治疗及预后情况.结果 围产期肝脾出血新生儿共23例,其中巨大儿12例,早产儿6例.主要原因是异常分娩史(剖宫产、胎儿窘迫、产程延长、胎头吸引、急产等)和产伤,分别占65.2%(15/23)和47.8%(11/23).肝出血14例,脾出血6例,肝脾同时出血3例.早期主要临床表现包括反应差、嗜睡、拒乳者21例(91.3%),早期出现黄疸者18例(78.3%),苍白、贫血貌者17例(73.9%),腹胀者15例(65.2%),其他临床表现包括易激惹、呼吸困难、腹壁发紫、阴囊血肿等.保守治疗15例;手术治疗8例,其中死亡3例,病死率13.0%.结论 新生儿围产期肝脾出血与巨大儿、早产儿及异常分娩史有关,以产伤为主要原因,临床表现与出血量有关,早期表现具有非特异性,超声是最好的诊断手段.血流动力学稳定的患儿保守治疗成功率高,出血不止者应尽早手术.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics,diagnosis and management methods and prognosis of hepatorrhagia and splenorrhagia of newborns.Methods A retrospective review of clinical data of neonates with hepatorrhagia and splenorrhagia in perinatal period was performed from June 1,1992 to June 1,2009 in Nanjing Children's Hospital.Results There were twenty-three neonates suffered from hepatorrhagia and splenorrhagia in the perinatal period.There were 12 macrosomias and 6 preterm newborns.Abnormal birth history (65.2%,15/23),including caesarean section,fetal distress,application of vacuum extractor,prolonged labour and precipitate labor,were most commom reasons of hepatorrhagia and splenorrhagia,and birth injuries [47.8% (11/23)]was subsequent.In all cases,14 cases were hepatorrhagia,six were splenorrhagia,three were hepatorrhagia and splenorrhagia simultaneously.Primary early symtoms included low response,sleepiness (91.3%,21/23);jaundice 78.3% (18/23);pallor and anemia 73.9% (17/23);abdominal distension (65.2%,15/23) and so on.Ultrasonography and computed tomography may make a definite diagnosis.Fifteen newborns underwent non-operative treatment and 8 received hemostatic laparotomy.The general mortality was 13.0%(3/23).Conclusions Hepatorrhagia and splenorrhagia of neonates in perinatal period is associated with macrosomias,abnormal birth history and preterm birth,and birth injuries were the major etiological factors.Clinical presentations are nonspecific which maybe asociated with the degree of blood loss.Abdominal ultrasonography is an optimal diagnostic method.Nonoperative management may be successful in hemodynamically stable patients,while immediate intervention,such as laparotomy,is required to control persist bleeding.     

谷氨酸致原代培养皮层神经元损伤中自噬的激活

目的: 体外观察谷氨酸介导的神经元氧化性损伤中自噬的激活,以及抑制自噬对谷氨酸致神经元毒性损伤的保护作用。方法: 体外培养皮层神经元,给予谷氨酸以及自噬抑制剂3-甲基腺嘌呤干预,MTT法检测细胞活力,透射电镜观察自噬泡的产生,激光共聚焦显微镜观察自噬特异性蛋白LC3的表达。结果: 给予谷氨酸干预后皮层神经元细胞存活率下降,自噬体数目明显增加,自噬标志性蛋白LC3表达增加。给予3-甲基腺嘌呤后,神经元细胞存活率增加,细胞自噬水平下降。结论: 谷氨酸诱导的神经元毒性损伤中存在自噬相关性细胞死亡,抑制自噬可能对谷氨酸毒性损伤有抑制作用,自噬抑制剂3-甲基腺嘌呤具有一定的神经保护作用。     

GDNF促进帕金森病大鼠模型脑内移植的中脑源神经干细胞表达Pitx3、Nurr1和TH

目的:探讨胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(GDNF)作用下,中脑源神经干细胞(mNSCs)在帕金森病(PD)大鼠模型纹状体移植区表达垂体同源盒家族因子3(Pitx3)、孤儿核受体相关因子1(Nurr1)和酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)的变化.方法:mNSCs单独移植组、mNSCs+GDNF移植组和生理盐水假手术组的PD大鼠模型,移植4...     

人体上呼吸道中气流涡结构特征数值仿真研究

目的研究上呼吸道内涡结构特征及其演化形式,深入认识上呼吸道内气流运动特性,对于分析气溶胶在人体上呼吸道内的扩散、转捩以及沉积模式具有重要作用。方法应用大涡模拟的方法,对人体在低强度呼吸条件下上呼吸道内的气流涡结构及其运动特性进行了数值仿真研究,讨论了人体口喉模型以及气管支气管内的涡结构演化过程和涡结构特征。结果气流在咽部、喉部形成两次射流,导致气流在咽部和喉部出现两个主要的涡量增长区,咽喉部位形成扁平涡,在靠近气管中心偏向前壁的位置出现一个"类壁弯涡",气管内出现了以接近对称的反向旋转涡对;G0气管末端的涡量由壁面向中心处扩展,并随着流动向G1支气管内延伸,各级支气管中涡量并不是对称分布的。结论涡结构特征及其演化形式是上呼吸道内气流运动的显著特点,气道结构特点是引起不同尺度涡结构演化的主导因素。     

汶川地震后青少年PTSD症状及其相关因素研究

目的:对两个受灾严重程度不同地区青少年遭受的创伤暴露情况以及创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)症状进行调查,探讨影响灾后青少年PTSD症状的因素。方法:采用《儿童事件冲击量表》和自编背景资料对极重灾区四川绵竹和重灾区陕西宝鸡地区共1267名中小学生进行测查。结果:四川绵竹的青少年遭受的创伤暴露严重程度显著高于陕西宝鸡地区,但在PTSD症状严重程度(t=0.181,df=1265,P=0.857)上差异并不显著,只在PTSD症状检出率(χ2=8.766,df=1,P=0.003)上差异显著,绵竹地区的PTSD症状检出率显著高于宝鸡地区。结论:极重灾区PTSD的检出率更高。性别、年龄、被困、亲友受伤和目睹死亡是PTSD症状的有力预测因素。     

不同算法所得IMRT计划的剂量学验证评估

目的:评估分别采用AAA(Analytic Anisotropic Algorithm)算法和PBC(Pencil Beam Convolution)算法所制订的IMRT计划在质量学验证方面的差异。方法:选取20例肺部肿瘤患者,对每个病例分别用AAA和PBC两种算法进行剂量计算得到2个IMRT计划,将病人的IMRT计划移植至模体生成QA(quality assurance)计划,使用Mapcheck工具对QA计划分别进行剂量学验证,并对结果进行比较和分析。结果:采用AAA算法进行肺部肿痛的剂量运算时,其所得到的治疗计划在剂量验证的结果方面要明显优于PBC算法所得到的治疗计划,值得注意的是,在其中进一步选取7例靶区位置和形态较为复杂的病例,出现以上结果的现象会更加明显。结论:从剂量学验证的角度来看,对于类似于肺部肿瘤这种靶区周围存在明显密度差异的肿瘤,在选取IMRT计划中剂量运算法则时,AAA算法剂量学验证的γ通过率更高,运算更加准确,尤其是如果靶区较为复杂时,这种表现更加显著。