大脑中动脉动脉瘤破裂并颅内血肿的急诊手术治疗

目的探讨大脑中动脉（MCA）动脉瘤破裂伴颅内血肿的临床特征、外科治疗方法。方法回顾性分析15例MCA动脉瘤破裂伴颅内血肿患者的临床资料,按术前Hunt-Hess分级,其中Ⅲ级3例,Ⅳ级10例,V级2例;血肿量为25～60ml,平均35ml;螺旋CT血管造影（CTA）确诊,所有病人给予急诊手术治疗。结果术后发生颞叶大面积梗死1例,丘脑梗死1例,严重血管痉挛4例。术后随访3～48月,GOS评分：恢复良好8例,中残4例,重残1例,植物生存1例,死亡1例。结论MCA动脉瘤破裂合并血肿的患者,病情多危重,应急诊开颅手术;CTA能快速确诊并指导手术;清除血肿＋去骨瓣减压术,可尽早解除高颅内压,减轻继发性脑损伤,同时夹闭动脉瘤,有效预防致命的再出血,提高治疗效果。     

Best interests at end of life: A review of decisions made by the Consent and Capacity Board of Ontario

Purpose

When patients are unable to communicate their own wishes, surrogates are commonly used to aid in decision making. Although each jurisdiction has its own rules or legislation governing how surrogates are to make health care decisions, many rely on the notion of “best interests” when no prior expressed wishes are known.

Methods

We purposively sampled written decisions of the Ontario Consent and Capacity Board that focused on the best interests of patients at the end of life. Interpretive content analysis was performed independently by 2 reviewers, and themes that were identified by consensus as describing best interests were construed, as well as the characteristics of an end-of-life dispute that may be most appropriately handled by an application to the Consent and Capacity Board.

Results

We found that many substitute decision makers rely on an appeal to religion or God in their interpretation of best interests, whereas physicians focused narrowly on the clinical condition of the patient in their interpretations.

Conclusions

Several lessons are drawn for the benefit of health care teams engaged in end-of-life conflicts with substitute decision makers over the best interests of patients.     

CD、Flt-1基因共表达重组质粒的构建及对BT325细胞增殖的抑制作用

目的构建CD、Flt-1基因共表达重组质粒,并检测其对BT325细胞增殖抑制的影响。方法从大肠杆菌及人脐静脉内皮细胞中提取总RNA,利用逆转录聚合酶链式反应（RT-RCR）扩增CD基因和FL]r-1基因片段,应用基因重组技术将CD基因和Flt-1基因片段克隆到真核表达载体pEGFP-C1中,经酶切鉴定及DNA序列分析证实所构建的载体。转染BT325细胞株,通过MTT法和流式细胞术观察其对细胞的增殖抑制作用。结果RT--RCR方法获得CD基因和Flt-1基因片段,酶切分析和DNA测序鉴定表明重组质粒pEGFP-C1-CD-Flt-1构建成功。转染72h后实验组细胞生长速度是control组的（33．20%±5．4％）,流式细胞术发现实验组细胞的G1期细胞比例明显高于control组,细胞出现凋亡,实验组细胞的凋亡率为（19．7％±5．45％）。结论成功构建真核表达重组质粒pEGFP-c1-CD-Flt-1,其体外可抑制BT325增殖并诱导其凋亡。     

Factors associated with lack of response to valproic acid monotherapy in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

PurposeTo determine factors associated with lack of response to valproic acid (VPA) in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME).MethodRetrospective analysis of clinical and EEG data of 201 patients with JME who had at least 3 years follow up was performed. Psychiatric evaluation was performed using ICD-10 by structured clinical interview. Patients were divided into two groups: VPA responders (seizure free for 2 or more years) and those with lack of response to VPA. Effect size for non-response and correlations for variables significantly different between the groups was performed, the findings were confirmed by ROC curves.ResultsThe mean duration of follow up was 7.75 (range 3–12) years; 55.2% were males. Focal semiologic features were noted is 16%. EEG was abnormal in 67%; focal EEG abnormalities were noted in 32.8%. Coexisting psychiatric disorders (PDs) were found in 33.3%. Lack of response to VPA was noted in 19%. Diagnosis of PDs and focal EEG abnormalities significantly increased the risk of VPA non-responsiveness by 5.54 (95% CI of 2.60–11.80; p < 0.0001) and 3.01 times respectively (95% CI of 1.40–6.47; p < 0.008). Diagnosis of PDs showed significant correlation (r = 0.332; p < 0.0001) and association (AUC 0.700; p < 0.0001) with lack of response to VPA. Though focal EEG abnormalities increased the chances, it did not correlate with lack of response to VPA.ConclusionLack of response to VPA was noted 19% of patients with JME. Coexisting PDs showed significant correlation and association with lack of response to VPA.     

复合PCR鉴别葡萄球菌及其多重耐药基因

目的　建立既可鉴别金黄色葡萄球菌又可同时检测其耐药基因的分子诊断方法。方法　对应于femB、mecA、ileS基因的 3对引物与快速提取的单菌落模板DNA进行单管同步扩增 ,电泳观察PCR片段 ;mecA、ileS耐药基因扩增结果分别与苯唑西林、莫匹罗星药敏试验对比 ,分析菌株的耐药性。结果　检测femB基因可快速特异性地筛选出金黄色葡萄球菌 ,mecA基因的检出与常规药敏试验鉴定耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌 (MRS)的结果基本一致 ,而拥有ileS基因的全部葡萄球菌分离株对莫匹罗星耐药。结论　复合PCR可快速敏感地从葡萄球菌中区分金黄色葡萄菌 ,并同时检出MRSA和耐莫匹罗星的多重耐药菌株。     

脆弱拟杆菌DNA探针在临床上的应用

目的：在DNA水平上准确鉴定B.fragilis(脆弱拟杆菌）。方法：用脆弱拟杆菌种特异的探针pBF-15与分离株或标本进行DNA点杂交。结果：8株生化鉴定为脆弱拟杆菌的7株经DNA探针证实为脆弱拟杆菌；1株粪拟杆菌、1株吉氏拟杆菌和2株未能鉴定到种的拟杆菌经探针重新鉴定的为脆弱拟杆菌。用pBF-15直接检测了46例临床标本，其结果与常规法符合。结论：DNA探针鉴定脆弱拟杆菌或诊断脆弱拟杆菌感染比常规法准确、快速、简便。     

Lower Extremity Revascularization Using Directional Atherectomy: 12-Month Prospective Results of the DEFINITIVE LE Study

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the safety and effectiveness of directional atherectomy (DA) for endovascular treatment of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in infrainguinal arteries in patients with claudication or critical limb ischemia.BackgroundTo date, no prospective, multicenter, independently-adjudicated study has evaluated the effectiveness and durability of DA in the treatment of PAD. Previous DA studies have not been prospectively powered to evaluate any differences in outcomes in patients with and without diabetes.MethodsDEFINITIVE LE (Determination of EFfectiveness of the SilverHawk® PerIpheral Plaque ExcisioN System (SIlverHawk Device) for the Treatment of Infrainguinal VEssels / Lower Extremities) prospectively enrolled subjects at 47 multinational centers with an infrainguinal lesion length up to 20 cm. Primary endpoints were defined as primary patency at 12 months for claudicants and freedom from major unplanned amputation for critical limb ischemia (CLI) subjects. A pre-specified statistical hypothesis evaluated noninferiority of primary patency in diabetic versus nondiabetic claudicants. Independent angiographic and sonographic core laboratories assessed outcomes, and events were adjudicated by a clinical events committee.ResultsA total of 800 subjects were enrolled. The 12-month primary patency was 78% (95% confidence interval: 74.0% to 80.6%) in claudicants, with a 77% rate in the diabetic subgroup versus 78% in the nondiabetic subgroup (noninferior, p < 0.001). The rate of freedom from major unplanned amputation of the target limb at 12 months in CLI subjects was 95% (95% confidence interval: 90.7% to 97.4%). Periprocedural adverse events included embolization (3.8%), perforation (5.3%), and abrupt closure (2.0%). The bail-out stent rate was 3.2%.ConclusionsThe DEFINITIVE LE study demonstrated that DA is a safe and effective treatment modality at 12 months for a diverse patient population with either claudication or CLI. Furthermore, DA was shown to be noninferior for treating PAD in patients with diabetes compared with those without diabetes. (Study of SilverHawk/TurboHawk in Lower Extremity Vessels [DEFINITIVE LE]; NCT00883246).