论软,硬件结合防治艾滋病的伦理问题

预防艾滋病的硬件包括建立、增加针对高危人群的管教场所,加强医疗设施、临床关怀机构等,软件包括广泛开展艾滋病知识的教育,反腐倡廉教育,而伦理道德教育尤为重要。医务人员和执法人员都应汲取生命伦理学营养,提高自身素质。硬件和软件互相促进、相辅相成,才有可能控制艾滋病的大面积流行。     

Asymptomatic urinary tract infection in childhood

In this study 2591 apparently healthy children aged 1 day–16 years were examined to determine the existence of asymptomatic urinary tract infection. A prevalence of 4% in newborns, 5.2% in infants, 5.8% in preschool children, 4.5% in elementary school children, and of 4.8% in high-school children was found.     

长江三峡宜昌地带鼠类种群数量变动及生态学研究

通过10年的鼠情监测,发现长江三峡宜昌地带鼠类种群密度野外与室内的变动趋势不一致。野外鼠类密度高峰在1983～1984年,达11.54～24.49%,其他年份在4～7.5%之间波动;主要影响因素是非密度制约因素,但密度制约因素亦有一定影响。室内鼠类种群数量变动的规律不明显,但密度普遍较野外高(1984年除外)。室内优势种为黄胸鼠、褐家鼠和小家鼠,野外是黄毛鼠和黑线姬鼠,但存在交替更换现象。黑线姬鼠、黄毛鼠、黄胸鼠、褐家鼠、小家鼠的孕鼠最高胎数分别为11、12、12、14和9。     

城市残存鼠生态特征——Ⅱ.城市残存鼠种群生态位的研究

本文用物种生态位宽度及每一对物种之间的生态位重叠值,分析城市中不同建筑物住宅以及住宅、工厂企业、宾馆等不同环境点的残存鼠,在空间与时间资源上的利用和分摊方式。结果观察到:不同住宅建筑物残存鼠的空间生态位宽度较大,重叠值亦较高;而在住宅及宾馆等不同环境点的残存鼠空间生态位宽度及重叠值均较低。据18个月调查,残存鼠时间生态位宽度均较大;而住宅及工厂企业等不同环境点的鼠类时间生态位重叠值均较低。由于残存鼠在不同生态位维度上对资源的分摊与利用存在着差异,从而使三种鼠(小家鼠、黄胸鼠和褐家鼠)在城市生态系统中,形成了一定的共存局面。     

昆虫种群控制系统的信息处理（一）：控制指数与种群系统的控制

在种群系统的信息处理中,本文着重讨论控制指数在种群系统控制中的应用。控制指数是以系统方法改进昆虫种群生命表和Morris-Watt种群数学模型的基础上,采用排除分析法、添加分析法和干扰分析法提出的一个指数。在各种边界因子中提取的控制作用的信息。其量纲是各环相同的。通过建立的模型,转换为与种群系统传输相同的量纲,才能把各个边界因子的控制信号直接输入种群系统的联系之中。控制指数把控制信号转换为存活概率或达到标准卵量的概率,即与系统传输的量纲取得一致,从而可以作为边界因子控制作用的一个“纂子”,直接镶嵌于系统传输之中。这将便于种群系统控制的研究。     

Second Primary Cancers Following Female Breast Cancer in Osaka, Japan--A Population-Based Cohort Study

Using the data accumulated in the Osaka Cancer Registry, a cohortstudy was conducted on the occurrence of second primary cancersfollowing the first breast cancer in females. Of the 9, 503breast cancer patients newly diagnosed in the period 1965–1982who were followed up until the end of 1983 (average follow-upperiod, 5.7 years), 344 developed second cancers, whereas theexpected number had been 211 (relative risk (RR) = 1.6; 95%confidence interval (CI) = 1.5–1.8). The increased riskwas observed throughout the observation period, and was higherin patients of less than 45 years of age at diagnosis than inolder women. Significant excess risks were found for secondcancers of the opposite breast (RR = 4.2; 95% CI = 3.4–5.2),buccal cavity (RR = 3.6; 95% CI = 1.6–7.2), stomach (RR= 1.4; 95% CI = 1.2–1.8), colon (RR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.1–2.1)and thyroid gland (RR = 3.2; 95% CI % 1.5–6.1). The effectsof chemo- and radiotherapy administered for initial breast canceron the increased risk of the above mentioned second cancerswere also examined. These therapeutic measures were found notlikely to be related to the excess risks for cancers of thebuccal cavity, stomach and colon. For second cancer of the oppositebreast, however, both chemotherapy and radiotherapy remainedas possible risk factors. The effect of radiation was proposedas being a likely explanation for the excess risk of secondthyroid cancer.     

中国大陆部分地区土壤放线菌分布特性

在筛选新抗生物质的过程中，我们从１９８９年至１９９２年间，收集北起黑龙江省南达海南省等十二个省区的土壤，分离其中的放线菌，发现土壤放线菌的分布在品种方面南方要比北方丰富，尤以热带地区的土壤放线菌品种最多。     

Population approaches in drug development

An expert meeting to discuss population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic software was held in Brussels in November 1993 under the auspices of the European Co-operation in Science and Technology (COST), Medicine (B1) programme.Recently developed statistical methods offer the possibility of gaining integrated information on pharmacokinetics and response from relatively sparse observational data obtained directly in patients who are being treated with the drug under development. These methods can minimize the need to exclude patient groups and also allow analysis of a variety of unbalanced designs that frequently arise in the evaluation of the relationships between dose or concentration on the one hand and efficacy or safety on the other relationships that do not readily lend themselves to other forms of statistical analysis.The purpose of the Brussels meeting was to evaluate the state of both existing software and software under development, and to specify the needs and wishes of potential users of such software. It was apparent from the meeting that software development for population data analysis is currently a very active area of investigation and that several very good packages are already available, with more in development.The general consensus of the meeting was that well validated, easy to use software was essential to the implementation of the population approach to drug development. Participants: L.Aarons (UK), L.Balant (Switzerland), P.Bechtel (France), A.Boobis (UK), R.Bruno (France), H.Fluhler (Switzerland), R.Gomeni (France), U.Gundert-Remy (Germany), A.Iliadis (France), M.Karlsson (Sweden), P.Kremers (Belgium), L.Lacey (UK), P.Maire (France), A.Mallet (France), G.Pacifici (Italy), K.Pithan (CEC), J.Rodriguez (Spain), M.Rowland (UK), J-L.Steimer (Switzerland), A.Thomson (UK) J. van Bree (Switzerland), S.Vozeh (Switzerland), J.Wakefield (UK), B.Whiting (UK), A.Zipfel (France)All authors were members of the COST-B1 Working Party on Population Approaches     

致倦库蚊和三带喙库蚊实验室种群饲养及生物学特性的初步观察

本文报告在实验室采用完全人工光照、人工控制温度(27～28℃)、相对湿度(70％左右)条件下,成功地建立了三带喙库蚊和致倦库蚊种群的饲养方法,并对两蚊种的部分生物学特性作了初步观察。