Morphometric study of length and grooves of maxillary lateral incisor roots

OBJECTIVE: Root grooves are considered a risk factor for periodontal disease. The purpose of this study was to measure the length of the root of maxillary lateral incisors (MLI), as well as the width and depth of the concavities of their proximal surfaces, and also to determine the prevalence of palato-gingival grooves. METHODS: the width and depth of root concavities, as well as root length were evaluated in 73 MLI. All teeth were measured using a digital contour measuring instrument for the root grooves and a caliper for evaluating root length. RESULTS: After statistical analysis (p<0.05) it was possible to confirm: the mean root length on its mesial surface was (15.47+/-1.72 mm), on its distal surface (14.99+/-1.70 mm), on its buccal surface (13.10+/-1.69 mm) and on its lingual surface (12.71+/-1.53 mm); concavities were present in 100% of the samples; concavities were found 2mm, coronally from the CEJ, at the CEJ, and apically up to 8mm; the concavities were wider than deeper; on the mesial surface, the greatest width was (1.05 mm) and the greatest depth was (0.06 mm) both at the CEJ; 5) on the distal surface the greatest width was (0.73 mm) at 6mm apically from the CEJ and the greatest depth was (0.003 mm); the palato-gingival groove was observed in 9.58% of the samples. CONCLUSIONS: The mesial surface of the maxillary lateral incisor is the longest. The root concavities on the proximal surfaces are present in 100%. One must get acquainted to the morphological variations of roots to enhance diagnosis and treatment.     

The potential of three-dimensional printing technologies to unlock the development of new ‘bio-inspired’ dental materials: an overview and research roadmap

Purpose

Bio-inspiration is an approach in engineering aimed at optimizing artificial systems by borrowing biological concepts from nature. This review sets out to summarize the fundamental aspects employed by nature to avoid premature dental failures. On the basis of these findings, it then defines and evaluates rules for ‘post-modern’ manufacturing processes to imitate or regenerate complex biological systems.

两种陶瓷制作的CAD/CAM全瓷冠临床效果观察

目的 总结应用两种陶瓷制作的全瓷冠临床使用效果，为CAD／CAM全瓷冠应用提供参考。方法 选择门诊病例，采用CAD／CAM技术制作Vita MKⅡ陶瓷全瓷冠12件，自制MC切削陶瓷制作全瓷冠15件，进行临床定期观察。结果 修复体咀嚼功能好，美观，适合性好，无食物嵌塞，无继发龋及龈炎。Vita MKⅡ全瓷冠有3件瓷折裂，MC陶瓷全瓷冠未出现折裂，脱落。结论 MC切削陶瓷全瓷冠临床应用效果好。     

Associations of serum concentrations of IgG,IgA, IgM and interleukin-1beta with early-onset periodontitis classification and race

BACKGROUND: The significance of serum concentrations of various antibodies and cytokines in the pathogenesis of early-onset periodontitis (EOP) is not well understood. Recent reports suggest differences between young blacks and whites in certain humoral responses, regardless of periodontal status. This study was undertaken to compare the serum concentrations of IgG, IgA, IgM, and IL-1beta in EOP subjects with that of healthy controls, and to study the effect of race on these levels. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This case-control study included 228 individuals, 19-25 years old who were selected from a larger population examined in the National Survey of Oral Health of United States Children in 1986/1987. The subjects were classified by their EOP status and they included 166 subjects with EOP and 62 healthy controls. Blood samples were used to assess the serum concentrations of IgG, IgM, IgA, IgG subclass, and IL-1beta. RESULTS: The serum concentrations of IgG, IgG subclasses, IgA, and IgM in blacks were not significantly different in the generalized, localized and incidental EOP groups as compared to the healthy controls. The serum IL-1beta concentration was slightly and uniformly lower in the EOP groups than in the control group, although not statistically significant. Blacks had significantly higher serum concentrations of total IgG, and of IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3 than whites and Hispanics. Hispanics had significantly higher serum concentrations of IgM and IgG4 than whites and blacks. Hispanics also had a significantly higher serum concentration of IL-1beta than blacks. CONCLUSIONS: Total antibody response in blacks is not associated with EOP classification. Race has a significant effect on serum antibody concentrations irrespective of disease classification, with blacks having significantly higher serum concentrations of IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3 than whites and Hispanics.     

AIDS and Infection Control: Amsterdam Dentists Surveyed

In March 1988 all Amsterdam dentists (N = 470) were sent a questionnaire to assess the extent of compliance with guidelines from the Health Council to prevent HIV transmission in dental practice. Response rate was 62 percent. Gloves, masks, and other protective garments were widely used. Other infection control procedures, like sterilizing instruments, were often not followed in ways recommended by the Health Council. To date, 60 percent of the respondents did not spend more than US$2,500 for protective garments or special equipment. Planned expenditure is substantially higher. One-quarter of the respondents were certain to have one or more HIV-seropositive patients, and 35 percent believed they did. When taking the medical history, almost one-third of the dentists ask questions to assess whether a patient is possibly HIV seropositive. Forty percent of the dentists hold the opinion that it is necessary for a dentist to know whether a patient is HIV seropositive. This is against Health Council views. Thirty percent of the respondents are definitely fearful of AIDS infection and want additional information or training on this topic.     

Postoperative exposure of bioresorbable GTR membranes: effect on healing results

The goal of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of postoperative exposure of two different bioresorbable membranes on the guided tissue regeneration (GTR) healing results compared to nonexposed sites. In each of 25 patients one pair of contralateral intrabony lesions was treated either with polylactic acid (PLA) or polyglactin 910 (PG-910) membranes. Postoperative exposure occurred in 9 PLA and 13 PG-910 sites. Standardized clinical [papillary bleeding index (PBI), gingival recession (REC), probing pocket depth (PPD), probing attachment level (PAL)] and radiographic examinations (digital subtraction radiography) were performed immediately before (baseline) and 6 and 12 months postoperatively (p.o.). Subgingival bacterial samples from surgical sites were evaluated by culture at baseline, 6 weeks, and 6 and 12 months p.o. Six months after surgery the changes (Δ) of REC were significantly (P≤0.05) greater in exposed than in nonexposed sites, independently of the membrane material (median): exposed sites, ΔREC=–1 mm; nonexposed sites, ΔREC=0.0 mm. However, 12 months p.o. no significant differences were found due to a decrease in the initial recessions in exposed sites. Although a higher percentage of exposed than nonexposed sites harbored periodontal pathogens 6 weeks p.o. at the gingiva-faced membrane surface, membrane exposure did not have a significant negative effect on ΔPPD, ΔPAL, or radiographic bone density changes 6 and 12 months p.o. Both membranes showed significant gains in PAL and bone density in both exposed and nonexposed sites. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that with consistent infection control the postoperative exposure of PLA and PG-910 membranes has no significant negative effect on the regeneration outcome, although higher initial gingival recessions must be expected than in the nonexposed sites. However, in exposed sites plaque and infection control were clearly impeded by the rough, exposed membrane surfaces and by the initially negative gingival morphology. Received: 22 January 1997 / Accepted: 5 May 1997     

Can anti‐erosion dentifrices also provide effective plaque control?

To cite this article:
Int J Dent Hygiene 9 , 2011; 223–228
DOI: 10.1111/j.1601‐5037.2010.00480.x
Bellamy PG, Prendergast M, Strand R, Yu Z, Day TN, Barker ML, Mussett AJ. Can anti‐erosion dentifrices also provide effective plaque control? Abstract: Objective: While gingivitis and caries continue to be prevalent issues, there is growing concern about dental erosion induced by dietary acids. An oral hygiene product that protects against all these conditions would be beneficial. This study investigated the potential of two anti‐erosion dentifrices to inhibit plaque. Methods: This was a randomized, three‐period, two‐treatment, double‐blind, crossover study evaluating a stannous chloride/sodium fluoride dentifrice (SnCl₂/NaF, blend‐a‐med^® Pro Expert) and a popular anti‐erosion dentifrice (NaF, Sensodyne^® ProNamel^?). During Period 3, subjects were randomized to repeat one treatment to evaluate any product carryover effects. Each treatment period was 17 days. Test dentifrices were used with a standard manual toothbrush. Digital plaque image analysis (DPIA) was employed at the end of each period to evaluate plaque levels (i) overnight (am prebrush); (ii) post‐brushing with the test product (am post‐brush); and (iii) mid‐afternoon (pm ). Analysis was conducted via an objective computer algorithm, which calculated total area of visible plaque. Results: Twenty‐seven subjects completed the study. At all time points, subjects had statistically significantly (P ≤ 0.0001) lower plaque levels after using the SnCl₂/NaF dentifrice than the NaF dentifrice. The antiplaque benefit for the SnCl₂/NaF dentifrice versus the NaF dentifrice was: am prebrush = 26.0%; am post‐brushing = 27.9%; pm = 25.7%. Conclusions: The SnCl₂/NaF dentifrice provided significantly greater daytime and overnight plaque inhibition than the NaF toothpaste. When recommending dentifrice to patients susceptible to dental erosion, clinicians can consider one that also inhibits plaque.     

非综合征性唇腭裂与BCL3基因多态性的研究

目的:探讨B细胞淋巴因子-3(B-cellleukemia/lymphoma3,BCL3)基因多态性与中国人群非综合征性唇腭裂(Nonsyndromiccleftlipwithorwithoutcleftpalate,NSCL/P)的相关性。方法:应用聚合酶链式反应(Polymer aseChainReaction,PCR)和聚丙烯酰胺变性凝胶(DenaturingPolyacrylamideGelElectrophoresis,PAGE)技术,以103名健康体检者为对照,对124名NSCL/P患者进行研究,分析BCL3基因多态性。结果:检测出BCL3的3种等位基因,全部基因型都是杂合子。患病组与对照组两者比较(X2 =3. 039,df=2,P>0. 05),在统计学上无差异。单纯唇裂与单纯腭裂相比较(X2 =10. 621,df=2,P<0. 05 ),有家族史者与无家族史者相比较(X2 =7. 307,df=2,P<0. 05),在统计学上有差异。单纯唇裂组与唇裂并发腭裂组比较(X2 =0. 643,df=2,P>0. 05),单纯腭裂组与唇裂并发腭裂组比较(X2 =0. 017,df=2,P>0. 05),单侧唇裂并发腭裂组与双侧唇裂并发腭裂组比较(X2 =0. 840,df=2,P>0. 05),在统计学上无差异。结论:BCL3基因多态性与中国人群NSCL/P的发生无相关性;BCL3基因多态性与唇腭裂严重程度无相关性;BCL3等位基因频率在单纯唇裂与单纯腭裂患者中不同;BCL3基因多态性与中国人群NSCL/P家族史有相关性。     

HIV感染患者口腔念珠菌的培养鉴定

目的 :比较科玛嘉念珠菌显色培养基 (Chromagar)和API 2 0CAUX酵母菌系统 (API 2 0C)在人体免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV )感染者口腔念珠菌鉴别中的优缺点。方法 :6株念珠菌标准菌株和 17例HIV感染合并口腔念珠菌病患者舌背白色刮取物 ,分别接种于沙氏培养基和Chromagar ,3 7℃ 48h后取沙氏培养基上生长物作API 2 0C鉴定。结果 :API 2 0C、Chromagar在鉴定白色念珠菌上无显著性差异 ,API 2 0C鉴定非白色念珠菌准确率高于Chromagar ,但Chromagar可鉴别混合菌种感染。 结论 :在HIV感染患者口腔念珠菌分型初筛可用Chromagar ,做准确分型时需用API 2 0C鉴定 ,两种方法互有裨益。