结构脂肪乳对消化道肿瘤术后患者急性时相蛋白及炎性细胞因子的影响

目的 探讨结构脂肪乳对消化道肿瘤术后患者急性时相蛋白和炎性细胞因子的影响.方法 选取2010年7月至2012年2月收治的消化道肿瘤术后患者80例,按分层抽样法随机分为结构脂肪乳组（观察组）和物理混合的中/长链脂肪乳组（对照组）,每组40例,于术后第1～6d接受等氮、等热量的肠外营养.对比观察两组患者术后一般情况,分别于术前,术后1、7d检测血清急性时相蛋白和炎性细胞因子浓度.结果 在进行6d的肠外营养以后,两组患者生命体征、血常规、肝肾功能、血脂等均在正常范围,观察组术后感染相关并发症发生率[12.5％ （5/40）]较对照组[25.0％ （10/40）]低,术后住院时间[（12.9±0.7）d]较对照组[（13.1±0.9）d]短,但差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）.两组术后1d血清白蛋白（ALB）、前白蛋白（PAB）和转铁蛋白（TRF）浓度较术前明显降低,C反应蛋白（CRP）和纤维蛋白原（FIB）浓度较术前明显升高,其后逐渐恢复;观察组术后7d血清ALB、PAB、TRF、CRP和FIB浓度[（37.11±3.30） g/L、（0.25±0.08） g/L、（2.35±0.49） g/L、（21.84±16.76） mg/L、（3.95±1.23） g/L]与术后1d营养治疗前浓度[（31.52±2.92） g/L、（0.15±0.02） g/L、（1.90±0.54） g/L、（83.80±47.13） mg/L、（4.35±0.98） g/L]比较差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）;与同期对照组浓度[（34.50±2.71） g/L、（0.18 ±0.05） g/L、（2.00 ±0.52） g/L、（41.36 ±23.49） mg/L、（4.76±2.35）g/L]比较差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）.两组术后1d血清IL-1、IL-2、IL-6及TNF-α浓度均有不同程度下降,随后逐渐回升,观察组术后7d血清IL-2、IL-6浓度[（987 ±203）、（277±107） ng/L]与术后1d营养治疗前浓度[（890±197）、（355±107） ng/L]有明显差异（P均＜0.05）;亦明显低于对照组[（1 347±195）、（752±187） ng/L]（P均＜0.05）;术后7 d TNF-α浓度（197±98） ng/L与术后1d营养治疗前（167±79） ng/L比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,但明显低于对照组浓度[342±106）ng/L,P＜0.05].结论 结构脂肪乳能有效改善消化道肿瘤术后急性时相蛋白质的合成,调控细胞因子产生和释放,将有利于顺利度过应激反应期.     

Autologous fat transplantation to the velopharynx for treating mild velopharyngeal insufficiency: A 10-year experience

BackgroundFor the last two decades, autologous fat transplantation has been used to treat mild velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI); however, there is still disagreement about its effectiveness. The aim of the study was to evaluate the procedure by using speech analysis and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Patients and methodsThis is a prospective study of 47 non-syndromic patients with mild VPI who underwent autologous fat transplantation to the velopharynx between 2006 and 2015. Thirty-two patients had a cleft palate, all of which had been repaired before fat transplantation. Eight patients developed VPI after adenotonsillectomy, one after uvulo-palatoplasty and six had VPI of unknown etiology. Twelve patients underwent two procedures of fat transplantation.Preoperative and 1-year postoperative audio recordings were blinded for scoring independently by three senior speech therapists on a five-point scale.Preoperative and 1-year postoperative MRIs were obtained during phonation, measuring the velopharyngeal distance and the velopharyngeal gap area. Correlations between the speech outcomes and MRI were calculated.ResultsAudible nasal emission was the only speech parameter that improved significantly postoperatively (p = 0.005). A significant reduction in both velopharyngeal distance (p < 0.005) and the gap area (p < 0.005) was found after treatment. A significant improvement in the mobility of the velum was observed after treatment (p = 0.03). There was no significant correlation between speech outcomes and MRI.ConclusionsAutologous fat transplantation for the treatment of mild VPI, although significantly reducing audible nasal emission, made no significant improvement in hypernasality or nasal turbulence. No complications were observed.     

Assessment of the effect of esterified propoxylated glycerol (EPG) on the status of fat-soluble vitamins and select water-soluble nutrients following dietary administration to humans for 8 weeks

This double-blind, randomized, controlled study assessed the effect of esterified propoxylated glycerol (EPG) on fat-soluble vitamins and select nutrients in human subjects. For 8 weeks, 139 healthy volunteers consumed a core diet providing adequate caloric and nutrient intakes. The diet included items (spread, muffins, cookies, and biscuits) providing EPG (10, 25, and 40 g/day) vs. margarine alone (control). EPG did not significantly affect circulating retinol, α-tocopherol, or 25-OH D₂, but circulating β-carotene and phylloquinone were lower in the EPG groups, and PIVKA-II levels were higher; 25-OH D₃ increased but to a lesser extent than the control. The effect might be related to EPG acting as a lipid “sink” during gastrointestinal transit. No effects were seen in secondary endpoint measures (physical exam, clinical pathology, serum folate, RBC folate, vitamin B₁₂, zinc, iron, calcium, phosphorus, osteocalcin, RBP, intact PTH, PT, PTT, cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides). Gastrointestinal adverse events (gas with discharge; diarrhea; oily spotting; oily evacuation; oily stool; liquid stool; soft stool) were reported more frequently by subjects receiving 25 or 40 g/day of EPG. In general, the incidence and duration of these symptoms correlated directly with EPG dietary concentration. The results suggest 10 g/day of EPG was reasonably well tolerated.