宁波市城区居民身体运动现状调查

目的了解宁波市城区居民的身体运动现状,制定和实施促进身体运动的策略。方法采用多阶段随机抽样的方法,对城市六区的2400名15~69岁居民进行问卷调查,调查采用自填或访谈的形式进行。结果按照CDC/ACSM推荐的运动量标准(每周至少5天,每天进行至少30分钟的中等强度身体运动或每周至少3天,每天进行至少20分钟的剧烈身体运动),宁波市城区居民的身体运动率为77.4%。运动中,家务、交通、休闲运动分别占44.5%、35.6%和19.9%。大多数社区居民(54.0%)对自身的身体运动能够进行准确的自我评价,自我效能比较好。大部分的居民处于身体运动的维持阶段或无打算阶段。居民对一般的运动常识掌握情况尚可,但是对运动损伤和运动安全方面知识掌握情况相对薄弱。结论根据现状,可有目的地开展一些休闲式和放松式的体育锻炼项目,宣传适量运动的益处,营造运动时尚,创造支持性环境。     

Physiological Changes in Chronic Epileptic Rats Are Prominent in Superficial Layers of the Medial Entorhinal Area

Summary:  Purpose: We investigated whether the functional network properties of the medial entorhinal area (MEA) of the entorhinal cortex were altered in a rat model of chronic epilepsy that is characterized by extensive cell loss in MEA layer III.
Methods: Responses were evoked in the entorhinal cortex by electrical stimulation of the subiculum in anesthetized chronic epileptic rats, 2–4 months after status epilepticus, induced by systemic kainate (KA) injections. Laminar field potentials were measured using a 16-channel silicon probe that covered all six layers of the MEA; an estimate of the local transmembrane currents was made using current source density analysis.
Results: Double-pulse stimulation of the subiculum evoked responses in deep and superficial layers of the MEA in control and KA rats. A current sink in layer I and at the border of layer I and II that was induced by antidromic activation of MEA-II, was much more prominent in KA rats with extensive neuronal loss in MEA-III than in control rats or KA rats with minor MEA-III loss. Furthermore, KA rats that displayed MEA-III loss presented a series of oscillations induced by subicular stimulation in the β/γ-frequency range (20–100 Hz), which were confined to superficial layers of MEA. These oscillations were never observed in control rats or KA rats with minor MEA-III loss.
Conclusions: These results indicate that the observed alterations in the superficial MEA responses to subiculum stimulation and the occurrence of β/γ-oscillations are related phenomena, which are a consequence of altered and impaired inhibition within these MEA layers in chronic epileptic rats.     

三级医院管理人员的素质要求及培训途径

分析了我国三级医院管理人员的现状和目前存在的问题，从工作动机、知识结构及个性素养等方面明确阐述了医院管理人员应具备的素质，进而从方法学、学科体系建设及宏观政策环境等方面进行分析，提出了只有通过适宜可行的医院管理专业培训，才能改变目前我国医院管理人员的现状，真正实现三级医院管理人员的职业化发展，为保持我国三级医院在医疗市场中的竞争力提供支持和动力。     

Influence of a static magnetic field on nickel electrodeposition studied using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance,atomic force microscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry

We investigated the influence of static magnetic fields up to 740 mT on the electrochemical nickel deposition from a sulphamate electrolyte. The magnetic field was applied parallel to the surface of the working electrode and thus gave rise to magnetohydrodynamic convection by Lorentz forces. An electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance was used to characterize the amount of hydrogen produced on the cathode during the deposition and to calculate the efficiency of the deposition process. The amount of hydrogen produced depends on the magnetic flux density, and this dependence can be explained by the complex interplay of the electrode kinetics and hydrodynamic effects, correlated with the Lorentz force. Atomic force microscopy showed an increase of the surface roughness of the nickel layers deposited in the magnetic field. The absolute values of the magnetic properties of the layers prepared in the magnetic field differed slightly from those prepared in the absence of a magnetic field. This can be explained by the structural changes. No anisotropy of the magnetic properties was observed.     

妇女生殖道感染研究的现状及存在的问题

简要介绍妇女生殖感染的研究背景及现状，对已开展的一些研究进行评价并提出存在的问题及研究方向。     

Sources of spontaneous slow waves associated with brain lesions,localized by using the MEG

Summary Electric or magnetic slow wave brain activity can be associated with brain lesions. For an accurate source localization we transformed the magnetoencephalographic (MEG) coordinate system to the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system by using a surface fit of the digitally measured head surface and the reconstructed surface of the MRI scan. Furthermore we solved the problem to separate sources of focal activity from other multiple sources by introducing a spatial average, the Dipole Density Plot (DDP). The DDP shows in a quantified manner concentrations of dipoles across time. The DDP uses the single dipole model adequately, because only those signal sections will be analyzed, where one component contributes to the signal predominantly. In all cases, where multiple sources concurrently active are to be localized, a current distribution analysis will be used, the Current Localization by Spatial Filtering (CLSF). All source localization procedures were tested using structural brain lesions, which were verified by imaging techniques (MRI or CT), showing the results in close topographical relation to the lesions. The results so far let us assume, that the DDP and the CLSF are valuable tools to localize sources of focal spontaneous slow wave electrical brain activity.This study was partly supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Vi 36/12-1), the AIM project of the European Community No. A2020, MAGNOBRAIN and by Siemens AG, Erlangen.     

韩国社会保健事业发展状况研究

该论文主要分析了韩国保健事业的发展现状和韩国人的健康状况。随着近代化的推进，韩国的保健事业有了长足的发展。保健事业的规模不断的扩大，担任保健事业的医疗工作人员的数量日益增多，保健事业的服务水平也逐渐提高，而公共领域的保健事业的发展封改善国民的健康状况发挥了实质性的作用。其中变化最明显的是，作为上个世纪二十年代第一大死亡原因的传染病，因医学技术的发展和保健水平的发展而逐渐排除在十大死亡原因之外。另外，保健部门在自然水普及率的提高、吸烟率的下降等方面卓有成效的工作改善了韩国人健康状态。不过，从平均健康寿命和精神压力等方面看，韩国人的健康状态仍存在不少问题。     

Quantitative analysis of sensory functions after lumbar discectomy using current perception threshold testing

A Neurometer device is an electrical nerve stimulator used to determine the current perception threshold (CPT) evoked by stimulating A-beta fibers at 2,000 Hz, A-delta fibers at 250 Hz and C fibers at 5 Hz. CPT evaluation is used for analyzing peripheral nerve dysfunction. In this study, the sensory disturbance of the lower-extremity was quantitatively analyzed using CPT testing before and after lumbar discectomy. In 33 patients (L4/5: 16 and L5/S: 17), as subjective evaluations, tactile sensation and leg pain were assessed before and 2 weeks after surgery. In the subjectively improved group (n = 22), significant decreases in CPT at 2,000 and 250 Hz were noted postoperatively, whereas in the unchanged group (n = 11), no significant changes in CPT at any frequencies was noted. The leg pain improved in all patients. Likewise, CPT at 5 Hz, which stimulated C fiber, decreased significantly for both improved and unchanged groups. CPT measured by a Neurometer is very useful in assessing lower-extremity sensory functions before and after surgery for lumbar disc herniation.     

泰安市中心医院供应室设备管理现状及分析思考

结合泰安市中心医院供应室设备管理现状,分析医疗仪器设备中出现的问题和原因,并提出了一些建设性意见。