芸香甙的抗疲劳和耐缺氧作用

芸香甙的抗疲劳和耐缺氧作用陈志武，宋必卫，方明，岑德意，马传庚，徐叔云芸香甙（ｒｕｔｏｓｉｄｅ，Ｒｕ）系黄酮类化合物，文献报道Ｒｕ有保护毛细血管及降胆固醇作用，临床上用于高血压的辅助治疗［１］，防治脑溢血等。有资料表明Ｒｕ可清除光照核黄素产生的Ｏ［２...     

脑阿片受体在侧脑室注射吗啡预处理减轻大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

Objective To investigate the role of cerebral opioid receptors in the protective effects of intracerebro-ventricular (ICV) morphine preconditioning (MPC) against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods Male SD rats weighing 320-370 g were used in this study. A needle was inserted through a surgically created hole into the cerebro-ventricle using a stereotactic instrument and fixed. Sixty male SD rats in which ICV needle was successfully placed without complication were randomly divided into 10 groups of 6 animals each. In group I sham operation was performed (S). In group]] myocardial I/R was produced (I/R) . In group Ⅲ (ischemic preconditioning), the animals were subjected to 3 episodes of 5 min myocardial ischemia at 5 min intervals before ischemia (IPC) . In group IV morphine was given ICV in 3 repeated doses of 1 μg/kg at 5 min intervals before ischemia (MPC). Three types of opioid receptor antagonists -nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI) (κ receptor antagonist), D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2(CTOP) (μ receptor antagonist) and naltrindole (NTD) (S receptor antagonist) 15 nmol were given ICV in group V . VI and VIⅡI respectively at 10 min before MPC. In group VIII,IX and X , nor-BNI, CTOP and NTD 15 nmol were given ICV respectively at 40 min before ischemia. Myocardial I/R was produced by occlusion of left anterior descending branch of coronary artery for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion. At the end of 120 min, femoral venous blood samples were taken for determination of lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) activities and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) concentration. The animals were then killed and hearts removed for measurement of area at risk (AAR) and infarct area (IA) . IA/AAR ratio was calculated. Results The size of IA was smaller and IA/AAR ratio lower and significantly less LDH and CK and more CGRP were released in group IPC and MPC ( group Ⅲ and IV) than in group I/R (group II ) . The protective effects of MPC were abolished by pretreatment with nor-BNI, CTOP and NTD. Conclusion Cerebral μ, k and δ opioid receptors are involved in the protective effects of ICV morphine preconditioning against myocardial I/R injury through CGRP released from peptidergic nerve fibers of heart.     

氯丙嗪治疗青光眼性疼痛

<正> 氯丙嗪为一抗精神病药,有研究表明对绝对期青光眼病人球后注射可以减轻顽固性疼痛并避免摘除眼球。具体用法是,先用2％普鲁卡因1ml球后注射     

一种简便实用的口腔溃疡实验模型

目的研制家兔口腔溃疡新的模型.方法在玻璃管腔中加入体积分数为30%的冰醋酸0.2 ml,固定于家兔口腔黏膜表面30 s,测定溃疡炎症充血面积的大小,并行组织病理学检查.结果冰醋酸可明显诱发家兔口腔溃疡的发生.冰硼散可明显抑制口腔黏膜炎症充血,并缩小口腔溃疡面积和改善组织病理学状况.结论冰醋酸可以成功的诱发家兔口腔溃疡模型.     

脑阿片受体在侧脑室注射吗啡预处理减轻大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

Objective To investigate the role of cerebral opioid receptors in the protective effects of intracerebro-ventricular (ICV) morphine preconditioning (MPC) against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods Male SD rats weighing 320-370 g were used in this study. A needle was inserted through a surgically created hole into the cerebro-ventricle using a stereotactic instrument and fixed. Sixty male SD rats in which ICV needle was successfully placed without complication were randomly divided into 10 groups of 6 animals each. In group I sham operation was performed (S). In group]] myocardial I/R was produced (I/R) . In group Ⅲ (ischemic preconditioning), the animals were subjected to 3 episodes of 5 min myocardial ischemia at 5 min intervals before ischemia (IPC) . In group IV morphine was given ICV in 3 repeated doses of 1 μg/kg at 5 min intervals before ischemia (MPC). Three types of opioid receptor antagonists -nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI) (κ receptor antagonist), D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2(CTOP) (μ receptor antagonist) and naltrindole (NTD) (S receptor antagonist) 15 nmol were given ICV in group V . VI and VIⅡI respectively at 10 min before MPC. In group VIII,IX and X , nor-BNI, CTOP and NTD 15 nmol were given ICV respectively at 40 min before ischemia. Myocardial I/R was produced by occlusion of left anterior descending branch of coronary artery for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion. At the end of 120 min, femoral venous blood samples were taken for determination of lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) activities and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) concentration. The animals were then killed and hearts removed for measurement of area at risk (AAR) and infarct area (IA) . IA/AAR ratio was calculated. Results The size of IA was smaller and IA/AAR ratio lower and significantly less LDH and CK and more CGRP were released in group IPC and MPC ( group Ⅲ and IV) than in group I/R (group II ) . The protective effects of MPC were abolished by pretreatment with nor-BNI, CTOP and NTD. Conclusion Cerebral μ, k and δ opioid receptors are involved in the protective effects of ICV morphine preconditioning against myocardial I/R injury through CGRP released from peptidergic nerve fibers of heart.     

金丝桃甙对大鼠缺血后脑细胞凋亡的影响

目的 研究金丝桃甙（Hyp)对脑缺血诱发细胞凋亡的抑制作用。方法 采用双侧颈总动脉（CCA）结扎法造成大鼠不完全脑缺血；采用TUNEL法和电镜法观察细胞凋亡；用二苯胺试剂法测定DNA片端含量。结果 结扎双侧CCA可显诱导脑皮质细胞凋亡；Hyp 100mg/kg可显改善凋亡细胞超微结构变化，并减少脑皮质中细胞凋亡数；Hyp50、100mg/kg可抑制脑缺血诱导DNA片端的增多。结论 Hyp对缺血诱导的脑皮质细胞凋亡有抑制作用。     

神经药理学的进展

<正> 第十届国际药理学大会涉及神经药理的研究内容较多,现就神经肽、GABA和苯二氮(艹卓)类及其受体、阿片类、神经毒及其它中枢受体亚型的研究作一综合简介。 神经肽 神经肽近年发展较快,会上荷兰学者De Wied报告,神经肽一般存在于大的前体中,如ACTH和β-内啡肽存在于原阿片黑色素皮质素(POMC)。它参与多种神经功能的调节,如学习记忆。注意、觉醒和痛觉,对体温、血压、睡眠、呼吸和脑的代谢也有影响。澳大利亚Sexton和Men-delsohn报告了降钙素(CT)和降钙素相关肽(CGRP)不但可以引起RNA转录,而且在大鼠脑中还有特定的受体。利用放射自显影法发现中枢神经系统中存在着CT/CGRP受体的新亚型。英国Daw-     

钙离子与疼痛及炎症免疫的关系

<正> 钙离子和cAMP/cGMP共同参与细胞内一些重要机能的调节,如在肌肉收缩过程中的兴奋—收缩偶联,跨膜信息的传递以及细胞运动、分泌、代谢和分化等基本过程中均起着偶联或第二信使的作用,因此钙离子(Ca~(2+))被公认为第二信使,其生物学意义日益受到人们的重视。本文就Ca~(2+)与疼痛及炎症免疫的关系作一简单概述。Ca~(2+)在疼痛调控中的作用     

氧自由基致痛、痛敏及其与阿斯匹林、吲哚美辛镇痛的关系

采用光照核黄素产生氧自由基，观察后者在外周和脊髓水平对疼痛的影响。发现在外周，小鼠足跖部皮下注射ＬＲＦ０．０６，０．６７ｍｍｏｌ．ｍｏｕｓｅ＾－１有致痛作用；脊髓水平，小鼠鞘内注射ＬＲＦ０．１０６－０．６６５ｎｍｏｌ．ｍｏｕｓｅ＾－１有致痛敏作用；进一步研究发现ＯＦＲ的脊髓痛敏与Ｃａ＾２＋有密切关系，用维拉帕米，尼莫地平，ＥＧＴＡ可拮抗ＯＦＲ的痛敏作用。