新型微创经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折

Objective To assess the minimally invasive surgical therapeutic result of percutane-ous pedicle screw fixation using Sextant-R system in treating thoracolumbar fractures. Methods A to-tal of 36 patients with thoracolumbar fractures were divided into two groups, ie, Sextant-R pereutaneous pedicle screw fixation group (Sextant-R group, 14 patients) and open pedicle screw fixation group (open surgery group, 22 patients). A comparative study was done on surgical incision, operation duration, sur-gical blood loss and deformity correction. Results In Sextant-R group and open surgery group respec-tively, the incision size was (7.1±0. 9) cm and (16.8 ± 1.6) cm (P <0. 05), operation duration (1.1±0.7) hoursand (2.4 ±0.8) hours (P<0.05), surgical blood loss (89.3 ±12.1) ml and (325.0±123.6) ml (P < 0.01), surgical draining loss (12.6 ± 3.2) ml and (147.3 ± 36.1) ml (P < 0. 01), postoperative improvement of Cobb' s angle (4.5 ± 2.4)° and (1.0± 2.3)° (P < 0. 05), sag-ittal index (10.2 ± 10.1)° and (5.5 ± 8.6)° (P < 0.05) and anterior height of fracture vertebral body (85.0 ±7.0)% and (95.5 ±2.2)% (P <0.05). Conclusion Pereutaneous pediele screw fixation using Sextant-R system is a good minimally invasive surgical choice for patients with thoracolumbar frac-ture under strict control of surgical indications.     

成人腰椎峡部裂型滑脱症的微创治疗

Objective To investigate the clinical experiences and technical skills of adult isthmic spondylolisthesis. Methods Twenty-one patients with adult isthmic spondylolisthesis underwent minimally invasive surgery. There were 12 men and 9 women, with the mean age of 51.7 years. Isthmic spondylolisthe-sis occurred at the L4.5 in 7 patients, and at the L5S1 in 14 patients. According to Meyerding classification, 13 cases were of Grade Ⅰ, 7 of Grade Ⅱ, 1 of Grade Ⅲ. Under general anesthesia, guiding by fluoroscopy, the surgeries performed minimally invasive microendoscopic(METRx) techniques for posterior decompression, interbody cage fusion and novel Sextant-R percutaneous pedicle screw techniques for deformity reduction and fixation. Results Seventeen cases were followed up 1 year postoperatively. The average low back pain VAS reduced from preoperative 6.0±2.6 to postoperative 2.9±2.5. The average leg pain VAS decreased from preoperative 6.7±3.3 to postoperative 2.8±1.6. The average ODI decreased from preoperative 44.3% to post-operative 27.1%. The Nakai good and excellent rate was 90%. The mean operative time 170 min, blood loss 160 ml, and postoperative stay in bed 7.5 d. The sagittal spondylolisthesis rate significantly decreased from preoperative 35.5%±2.5% to postoperative 8.3%±7.5%. The lordotic angle from preoperative 11.5°±1.7° in-creased to postoperative 16.8°±9.5°; the intervertebral disc height from preoperative (5.4±2.5) mm increased to postoperative (9.1±3.0) mm. According to Lenke judgement for fusion, complete fusion rate was 76%, in-complete fusion rate was 12%, nonfusion rate was 12%. Conclusion The minimally invasive microendo-scopic (METRx) assisted with a novel Sextant-R percutaneous pedicle screw systems for deformity reduction and fixation to treat adult isthmic spondylolisthesis, is not only a minimally invasive and safe surgical tech-nique, also an effective treatment for deformity reduction and fixation.     

小切口减压结合经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗伴神经功能损害的胸腰椎骨折

【摘要】 目的：探讨小切口减压结合经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗伴神经功能损害胸腰椎骨折的安全性及有效性。方法：2010年12月～2013年10月对18例伴神经功能损害的胸腰椎骨折患者在全麻下行经皮椎弓根螺钉置入、后正中小切口进行神经减压、椎间植骨融合、骨折复位固定术,并加装横连接（微创手术组）。其中男12例,女6例;年龄30~58岁,平均42.8岁;T12 3例,L1 6例,L2 4例,L3 5例;AO分型A3型3例,C1型14例,C2型2例;神经功能Frankel分级A级5例,B级9例,C级2例,D级2例。记录肌肉剥离切口长度、手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、术后伤口疼痛程度和镇痛药物使用情况及减压等并与同期20例传统开放手术患者（开放手术组）情况比较。结果：微创手术组肌肉剥离长度为6.9±1.2cm,术中出血量为538.3±188.7ml,术后引流量为116.4±55.0ml,术后伤口疼痛VAS评分为2.5±1.4分,术后镇痛药物使用比例为16.7%;开放手术组分别为18.6±2.8cm,735.8±252.2ml,233.5±95.8ml,4.4±1.8分和70.0%,两组比较差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）。两组均无手术并发症发生,椎管得到有效减压。两组均获得最少6个月以上随访,两组不完全瘫患者术后均获得1级及以上神经功能恢复。结论：后正中小切口减压结合经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定术在确保良好神经减压的同时能够明显减少手术创伤,且能安放横连接,是治疗伴神经功能损害胸腰椎骨折安全、有效、微创的手术方法。     

巨大型腰椎椎间盘突出症的微创外科治疗

目的探讨巨大型腰椎椎间盘突出症微创手术策略。方法 2007年1月～2010年10月,对86例巨大型腰椎椎间盘突出症患者采用微创外科手术治疗。其中,椎间孔内镜椎间盘切除术(percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy,PELD)28例,显微内镜椎间盘切除术(microendoscopic discectomy,MED)35例,微创经椎间孔腰椎椎间融合术(minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,miTLIF)23例。术前与术后疼痛视觉模拟量表(visual analog scale,VAS)评分和改良Macnab标准评价临床疗效。结果 3种微创术式均能显著改善患肢放射性疼痛VAS评分。术后优良率都在85%以上。PELD术适于年轻人巨大型腰椎椎间盘突出症;MED术适于巨大型腰椎椎间盘突出症伴椎管狭窄;miTLIF术适于伴有腰椎退行性失稳或伴有马尾综合征或术后复发的巨大型腰椎椎间盘突出症。结论临床上应依据巨大型腰椎椎间盘突出症的不同类型,选择不同微创外科术式。     

新型微创经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折

Objective To assess the minimally invasive surgical therapeutic result of percutane-ous pedicle screw fixation using Sextant-R system in treating thoracolumbar fractures. Methods A to-tal of 36 patients with thoracolumbar fractures were divided into two groups, ie, Sextant-R pereutaneous pedicle screw fixation group (Sextant-R group, 14 patients) and open pedicle screw fixation group (open surgery group, 22 patients). A comparative study was done on surgical incision, operation duration, sur-gical blood loss and deformity correction. Results In Sextant-R group and open surgery group respec-tively, the incision size was (7.1±0. 9) cm and (16.8 ± 1.6) cm (P <0. 05), operation duration (1.1±0.7) hoursand (2.4 ±0.8) hours (P<0.05), surgical blood loss (89.3 ±12.1) ml and (325.0±123.6) ml (P < 0.01), surgical draining loss (12.6 ± 3.2) ml and (147.3 ± 36.1) ml (P < 0. 01), postoperative improvement of Cobb' s angle (4.5 ± 2.4)° and (1.0± 2.3)° (P < 0. 05), sag-ittal index (10.2 ± 10.1)° and (5.5 ± 8.6)° (P < 0.05) and anterior height of fracture vertebral body (85.0 ±7.0)% and (95.5 ±2.2)% (P <0.05). Conclusion Pereutaneous pediele screw fixation using Sextant-R system is a good minimally invasive surgical choice for patients with thoracolumbar frac-ture under strict control of surgical indications.     

Ad-huVEGF121基因转染对兔股骨头Ⅰ型胶原表达及ALP活性的影响

目的观察VEGF在坏死股骨头内诱导成骨的作用.方法重组腺病毒Ad-hVEGF121注射入坏死的股骨头,应用酶学和免疫组织化学技术检测血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)的活性和Ⅰ型胶原(collagen Ⅰ)的表达.结果基因转染组ALP活性和collagen Ⅰ表达在各个时相点显著高于空病毒对照组.结论VEGF具有在坏死股骨头内诱导成骨的功能.     

严重胸腰椎骨折合并椎间盘损伤的手术治疗

目的　探讨胸腰椎骨折合并椎间盘损伤的情况及其对选择手术方式和预后的意义。方法　对 6 1例严重的胸腰椎骨折常规行MRI检查 ,了解合并椎间盘损伤的程度和位置以及椎管占位情况 ,并依此同时结合临床表现、X线片、CT检查结果 ,确定治疗方案。结果　 6 1例中 ,合并有上或下位椎间盘损伤者共 4 1例。单纯伤椎的上位椎间盘损伤 2 6例 ,单纯伤椎的下位椎间盘损伤 11例 ,伤椎的上下位椎间盘同时有损伤 4例。对 4 1例合并椎间盘损伤行前路手术 ,所有患者均获得良好骨融合 ,未出现后凸畸形复发或加重。结论　严重的胸腰椎骨折常合并有椎间盘的损伤 ,其中以上位椎间盘损伤多见。MRI是确定椎间盘损伤的重要手段之一。椎间盘损伤程度应作为选择手术方式的重要参考因素之一。     

原发性骶骨肿瘤的外科治疗进展

目的对原发性骶骨肿瘤的外科治疗研究进展进行综述。方法查阅国内外原发性骶骨肿瘤外科治疗的相关文献,并对其手术方式、术中止血、骨盆重建、骶神经根的保护、手术并发症及预后等多个方面进行总结、分析。结果手术治疗是原发性骶骨肿瘤的主要治疗方式,但在手术方式选择、骶神经根的保护及术中止血处理方式的选择上仍存在争议;同时,骨盆稳定性重建的复杂性、并发症的多样性及与多因素相关的预后,也给骶骨肿瘤的外科治疗带来困难和挑战。结论迫切需要形成一个行之有效的统一标准,来对原发性骶骨肿瘤进行综合性诊断和治疗。     

不同融合方式在治疗老年腰椎滑脱中效果的比较

目的 对比研究椎弓根螺钉系统固定中后外侧融合与后路椎闻融合治疗老年腰椎滑脱的疗效.方法 126例采取椎管减压植骨融合附加椎弓根内固定的手术方法,37例获得随访,其中16例采用后外侧融合,其余采用椎间融合,比较两种植骨方式手术时间、出血量和术后骨性融合率.结果 椎间融合手术时间较后外侧融合增加24min,出血量增加约231mL,二者差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);骨融合率分别为87.5%、93.5%,二者差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 后外侧融合与椎间融合手术治疗老年腰椎滑脱的融合率相似.但后外侧融合可缩短手术时间、减小手术创伤,有利于老年患者耐受手术和加快术后康复.     

成人急性寰枢椎联合骨折临床诊疗循证指南(2023版)

成人急性寰枢椎联合骨折具有较单纯寰椎或枢椎骨折更高的神经损伤发生率和早期病死率。目前, 对于成人急性寰枢椎联合骨折的诊断和治疗方式选择仍存在争议且缺乏相关规范。非手术治疗存在较高的骨不融合率和并发症发生率, 而手术治疗易导致椎动脉、脊髓和神经根损伤。对于成人急性寰枢椎联合骨折, 目前我国尚无基于循证医学证据的诊疗指南。为给骨科医师提供关于成人急性寰枢椎联合骨折处理方面最新和最有效的信息, 中国医师协会骨科医师分会脊柱创伤学组组织相关专家遵循循证医学原则, 借鉴美国神经外科医师学会(AANS)/神经外科医师大会(CNS)在2013年发布的《成人急性寰枢椎联合骨折处理指南》, 并基于有关成人急性寰枢椎联合骨折治疗的中英文文献, 制订《成人急性寰枢椎联合骨折临床诊疗循证指南(2023版)》。针对影像学诊断、稳定性判断、治疗原则、治疗方式选择和相关并发症等问题提出基于循证医学证据的10条推荐建议, 为成人急性寰枢椎联合骨折的诊疗提供参考。