北海市海城区小学生屈光状态调查分析

目的：了解北海市海城区小学生屈光状态的流行现状。

方法：采用横断面研究,整群抽样调查的方法。选取2019-10/2020-01参加体检的北海市海城区共15所小学30 716名6～14岁学生,检测视力、小瞳下屈光度。采用SPSS17.0统计学软件进行数据分析。

结果：本次监测的15所小学30 716名61 432眼中,屈光状态以轻度近视(29.62%)、0.50D<散光<2.00D(25.43%)、正视(21.05%)及轻度远视(15.85%)为主。随着年龄的增长,正视及远视所占比例呈整体下降趋势; 而近视所占比例呈整体上升趋势。配戴框架眼镜者共1 894例3 788眼,视力不良眼戴镜率为23.30%,框架眼镜矫正合格率为64.57%。左眼和右眼等效球镜比较有差异,且右眼等效球镜P₅₀较左眼更趋于负值。男生和女生等效球镜比较有差异,且女生等效球镜P₅₀较男生更趋于负值。

结论：随着年龄的增长,轻度远视及正视眼的比例逐年下降; 近视眼的比例逐年上升。在视力不良的学生中,常规配戴眼镜的人数较少; 而戴镜后,仍有部分学生的框架眼镜矫正视力不达标。右眼较左眼的屈光状态更趋于负值; 女生较男生屈光状态更趋于负值。     

山东省癫癎流行病学调查研究

目的 了解中国山东省的癫癎）病流行现况及其危险因素.方法 以调查问卷为基础,运用国际统一癫癎诊断标准,采用多级分层随机整群抽样方法,逐户进行调查.结果 调查人数251 492名,癫癎患者335例,癫（痫）患病率为1.33‰;男性患病率为1.35‰o,女性患病率为1.31‰;城市患病率为1.20‰,农村患病率为1.39‰,均差异无统计学意义.癫癎发病率为18.69/10万.发作类型以全面性发作为主为60.90％;部分性发作为34.33％;发作不能分类为4.78％.首次发病平均年龄为（15.37±15.77）岁.特发性癫癎为60.90％,症状性癫（痫）为39.10％.大部分患者未进行正规治疗,治疗缺口为54.33％.结论 山东省癫癎患病率、发病率处于全国较低水平,治疗缺口与国内文献报道一致.癫癎发作类型以全面性发作为主;癫癎发病以特发性癫（痫）为主,症状性癫癎病因中以脑炎为主.     

Twelve‐month prevalence,comorbidity and correlates of mental disorders in Germany: the Mental Health Module of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1‐MH)

This paper provides up to date prevalence estimates of mental disorders in Germany derived from a national survey (German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults, Mental Health Module [DEGS1‐MH]). A nationally representative sample (N = 5318) of the adult (18–79) population was examined by clinically trained interviewers with a modified version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (DEGS‐CIDI) to assess symptoms, syndromes and diagnoses according to DSM‐IV‐TR (25 diagnoses covered). Of the participants 27.7% met criteria for at least one mental disorder during the past 12 months, among them 44% with more than one disorder and 22% with three or more diagnoses. Most frequent were anxiety (15.3%), mood (9.3%) and substance use disorders (5.7%). Overall rates for mental disorders were substantially higher in women (33% versus 22% in men), younger age group (18–34: 37% versus 20% in age group 65–79), when living without a partner (37% versus 26% with partnership) or with low (38%) versus high socio‐economic status (22%). High degree of urbanization (> 500,000 inhabitants versus < 20,000) was associated with elevated rates of psychotic (5.2% versus 2.5%) and mood disorders (13.9% versus 7.8%). The findings confirm that almost one third of the general population is affected by mental disorders and inform about subsets in the population who are particularly affected. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

昌都市14岁以下儿童干眼症患病情况调查及危险因素分析

目的：探讨昌都市14岁以下儿童干眼症患病情况调查及危险因素。

方法：横断面研究,于2019-08对昌都市14岁以下中小学生进行流行病学调查,采用自制问卷调查,分析该地区14岁以下儿童干眼症患病情况调查及危险因素。

结果：本研究理论受检儿童2 648例,调查过程中共2 389例儿童接受调查,总体受调查率为90.22%,实际受检者中有干眼症状413例(17.29%),确诊干眼症331例,干眼症患病率为13.86%。单因素分析显示,干眼症儿童和非干眼症儿童的年龄、性别、眼部手术史、眼部外伤史、喜食蔬菜水果、过敏性结膜炎、倒睫、屈光不正、沙眼、睑缘炎、阅读书写姿势、隐形眼镜、看电脑或手机时间、被动吸烟、抗生素滴眼液的资料有差异(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic分析显示,年龄、过敏性结膜炎、睑腺炎、屈光不正、被动吸烟是昌都市儿童干眼症发生的危险因素(P<0.05)。

结论：昌都市14岁以下儿童干眼症发病率较高,年龄、过敏性结膜炎、睑腺炎、屈光不正、被动吸烟是昌都市儿童干眼症发生的危险因素。     

川中地区居民血压与血脂水平的研究

目的:探讨遂宁城区居民血脂水平与血压之间的关系。方法:参照WHO MONICA(中国MONICA)方案的方法和标准,对市区自然人群25~74岁1619人进行血压及血脂的调查,并在个体水平上对资料作单因素相关和多因素回归分析。结果:(1)城市居民高血压患病率为30·33%,标化率20·61%;(2)血压随着血脂水平层次递增相应升高,与总胆固醇、甘油三脂呈正相关,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇呈负相关;(3)采用多因素逐步回归分析建立的数学模型及其预测血压总趋势具有一定的可靠性,并显示血脂各项指标之间有相加和协同作用。结论:揭示了血压与血脂水平之间的关系,对心脑血管病的防治具有一定的指导意义。     

Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in Japan: Results from the World Mental Health Japan Survey

The purpose of the study was to report the prevalence of trauma exposure and PTSD, conditional risk of PTSD associated with each trauma exposure in the community population in Japan. An interview survey was conducted of a random sample of adult residents in 11 communities of Japan. Among 4134 respondents (response rate, 55%), data from those who completed the part 2 interview (n = 1682) were analyzed with a weight for this subsample. Lifetime experiences of 27 trauma events and PTSD were assessed using the WHO-Composite International Diagnostic Interview version 3.0. Sixty percent of the part 2 sample reported exposure to at least one lifetime traumatic event. Lifetime and 12-month PTSD prevalences were 1.3% and 0.7%, respectively. Percentage of all months lived with PTSD in the population was predominantly accounted for by physical/sexual assaults and having a child with serious illness, and unexpected death of loved one. Ten percent of respondents reported “private events”, for which respondents did not have to describe the content, which accounted for 19% of months with PTSD. The lower prevalence of PTSD in Japan seems attributable to lower conditional risks of PTSD following these events, as well as different distributions of the events. The greater impact of events that occurred to loved ones rather than to oneself and “private events” on PTSD in Japan warrants further research of cross-cultural assessment of trauma exposure and cultural heterogeneity in the trauma-PTSD relationship.