北海市海城区小学生屈光状态调查分析

目的：了解北海市海城区小学生屈光状态的流行现状。

方法：采用横断面研究，整群抽样调查的方法。选取2019-10/2020-01参加体检的北海市海城区共15所小学30 716名6～14岁学生，检测视力、小瞳下屈光度。采用SPSS17.0统计学软件进行数据分析。

结果：本次监测的15所小学30 716名61 432眼中，屈光状态以轻度近视(29.62%)、0.50D<散光<2.00D(25.43%)、正视(21.05%)及轻度远视(15.85%)为主。随着年龄的增长，正视及远视所占比例呈整体下降趋势； 而近视所占比例呈整体上升趋势。配戴框架眼镜者共1 894例3 788眼，视力不良眼戴镜率为23.30%，框架眼镜矫正合格率为64.57%。左眼和右眼等效球镜比较有差异，且右眼等效球镜P₅₀较左眼更趋于负值。男生和女生等效球镜比较有差异，且女生等效球镜P₅₀较男生更趋于负值。

结论：随着年龄的增长，轻度远视及正视眼的比例逐年下降； 近视眼的比例逐年上升。在视力不良的学生中，常规配戴眼镜的人数较少； 而戴镜后，仍有部分学生的框架眼镜矫正视力不达标。右眼较左眼的屈光状态更趋于负值； 女生较男生屈光状态更趋于负值。

Investigation and analysis of refraction state of primary school students in Haicheng district, Beihai city

AIM: To understand the prevalence of refractive state of primary school students in Haicheng district, Beihai city.

METHODS: Cross-sectional study and cluster sampling were used. A total of 30 716 students aged 6 to 14 from 15 primary schools in Haicheng district, Beihai city, who had taken physical examination from October 2019 to January 2020, were selected for visual acuity and pupil diopter. SPSS17.0 statistical software was used for data analysis.

RESULTS: In the eyes of the 15 primary schools monitored in this study, 30 716 cases had mild myopia(29.62%), 0.50D < astigmatism < 2.00D(25.43%), metropia(21.05%)and mild hyperopia(15.85%). With the growth of age, the proportion of emmetropia and farsightedness declined as awhole. The proportion of myopia is on the rise. A total of 1 894 cases of wearing glasses 3 788 eyes. The rate of poor vision was 23.30%, and the rate of qualified correction of frame glasses was 64.57%. Compared with the left eye, the difference was statistically significant, and the P₅₀ of the right eye was more negative than that of the left eye. The equivalent spherical mirror was compared between boys and girls. The difference was statistically significant, and the P₅₀ of equivalent spherical mirror of girls was more negative than that of boys.

CONCLUSION: With the growth of age, the proportion of mild hyperopia and squarely eyes decreases year by year; The proportion of myopia increases year by year; Among the students with poor eyesight, the number of those who regularly wear glasses is small; However, after wearing glasses, there are still some students whose glasses are not up to standard. The refractive state of the right eye is more negative than that of the left eye; Female students tend to be more negative than male students in the refractive state.