机器学习算法在麻醉领域的应用

人工智能在医疗领域的应用逐步推动医疗变革,机器学习算法融入麻醉领域对于进一步提升麻醉发展意义重大。为了解机器学习算法在麻醉领域的应用现况及推动相关研究进展,本文总结了机器学习在围手术期麻醉管理和预测术后并发症方面的应用、基本概念和研究现状,指出了目前机器学习算法在医疗领域的不足之处。     

血液净化中心设备管理研究进展

血液净化中心是医院血液透析患者开展血液净化治疗的主要场所。在血液净化中心开展血液净化治疗的患者通常来说免疫功能低下,容易发生感染,并且对设备具有较强的依赖性。因此血液净化中心设备管理质量直接影响着血液透析中心的血液净化治疗效果。这便要求血液净化中心应该不断加强设备管理,提高设备管理质量,为患者的治疗提供更好的服务。因此近些年人们对于血液净化中心设备管理的重视程度不断提高,很多专家关于血液净化中心的设备管理开展了很多研究工作,本文将近些年的研究进展进行综述,以期为血液净化中心的设备管理提供借鉴。     

Project for Universal Management of Airways – part 1: concept and methods

Multiple professional groups and societies worldwide have produced airway management guidelines. These are typically targeted at the process of tracheal intubation by a particular provider group in a restricted category of patients and reflect practice preferences in a particular geographical region. The existence of multiple distinct guidelines for some (but not other) closely related circumstances, increases complexity and may obscure the underlying principles that are common to all of them. This has the potential to increase cognitive load; promote the grouping of ideas in silos; impair teamwork; and ultimately compromise patient care. Development of a single set of airway management guidelines that can be applied across and beyond these domains may improve implementation; promote standardisation; and facilitate collaboration between airway practitioners from diverse backgrounds. A global multidisciplinary group of both airway operators and assistants was assembled. Over a 3-year period, a review of the existing airway guidelines and multiple reviews of the primary literature were combined with a structured process for determining expert consensus. Any discrepancies between these were analysed and reconciled. Where evidence in the literature was lacking, recommendations were made by expert consensus. Using the above process, a set of evidence-based airway management guidelines was developed in consultation with airway practitioners from a broad spectrum of disciplines and geographical locations. While consistent with the recommendations of the existing English language guidelines, these universal guidelines also incorporate the most recent concepts in airway management as well as statements on areas not widely addressed by the existing guidelines. The recommendations will be published in four parts that respectively address: airway evaluation; airway strategy; airway rescue and communication of airway outcomes. Together, these universal guidelines will provide a single, comprehensive approach to airway management that can be consistently applied by airway practitioners globally, independent of their clinical background or the circumstances in which airway management occurs.     

Utility of rotational thromboelastometry in total hip replacement revision surgery (case-control study)

Total hip replacement revision surgery is accompanied by significant blood loss. Using rotational thrombelastometry (ROTEM) perioperatively to diagnose coagulopathy may help to provide rapid aimed therapy and thus decrease blood loss and the consumption of transfusion products. The aim of this case-control study was to find out whether point of care using of ROTEM may reduce blood loss and the consumption of blood transfusion products in hip replacement revision surgery.Data were prospectively collected from patients who underwent hip replacement revision surgery in the period 2017 to 2018 when the management of bleeding and coagulopathy was based on the results of ROTEM. Data were compared with a group of historical controls for the period 2015 to 2016 when bleeding and coagulopathy management was not based on ROTEM results. The consumption of blood transfusion products and perioperative blood loss were compared between the groups.The total number of analyzed patients was 90. Forty five patients were analyzed in the ROTEM group and the same number of patients were analyzed in the non-ROTEM group. Significantly decreased perioperative consumption of fresh frozen plasma and packed red blood cells was found in the ROTEM, as well as decreased perioperative blood loss comparing to non-ROTEM group. All data were statistically different with P < .05.Perioperative management of bleeding and coagulopathy based on the results of ROTEM during hip replacement revision surgery seems to help to decrease perioperative blood loss and the consumption of blood transfusion products, especially fresh frozen plasma.     

广州市某三级甲等医院35岁以上护士健康体检状况分析

目的探讨广州市某三级甲等医院35岁以上护理人员的健康体检状况。方法回顾性分析我院2017年35岁以上护理人员健康体检结果,按年龄段分为35~44岁组和45~55岁组,并将科室按风险级别分为Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类,统计分析体检结果异常率,并将其血脂与常模进行比较。结果35岁以上在职护理人员的体检结果异常率为57.4%,其中45~55岁处于Ⅰ类风险科室的护士体检异常率最高;35~44岁组、45~55岁组、常模血脂指标中总胆固醇(CHOL)、甘油三脂(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=20.768,P<0.001;F=13.673,P<0.001;F=11.627,P<0.001),且45~55岁组的CHOL、TG、LDL-C值均高于35~44岁组。结论医院健康管理者应重视35岁以上在职护理人员的健康管理,尤其是45岁以上护理人员在血脂方面的监控和健康宣教。     

岗位价值评估在A医院人力资源管理过程的应用

探讨岗位价值评估方法在医院人力资源的管理过程中的应用和意义。采用国际岗位价值评估系统(IPE)对A医院现有140个岗位进行岗位价值评估,并利用岗位评分对人力资源管理问题进行剖析。A医院岗位评估分数的总趋势和总分布结果显示,岗位评估分值曲线现呈较平滑的递减趋势,这表明A医院职能处室内部各类岗位的岗位价值不存在明显差异。从各个职能处室内部来看,内部岗位评价结果分布比较均匀,说明部门内部分工相对合理。岗位价值评价有助于增强医院薪酬分配的公平性,提高薪酬的激励性,也有利于优化医院管理制度,推动医院可持续发展。     

Current surgical management of metastatic pathological fractures of the femur: A multicentre snapshot audit

AimsWe aimed to find out: the typical workload for metastatic bone disease, the conventional treatment for femoral metastases and whether there is a trend for arthroplasty and endoprosthetic reconstruction.Materials and methodsAll sequential patients undergoing surgery for femoral metastatic lesions (both pathological fracture and impending pathological fracture) of any age patient were included in the multicenter snapshot audit. Data on demographics, institutions and operative procedures were recorded.Results24 UK Institutions were enrolled, including 7 Major Trauma Centres (MTCs). It was a 2 month audit from 1^stMarch 2018. 95 cases were recorded. The mean age was 71 and 65% were female. 66 patients had a fracture at presentation and 23 an impending fracture. Breast carcinoma was the primary tumour at 23%. The mean Mirel’s score is 9. The commonest fixation was with a long cephalomedullary nail (38%). Endoprostheses accounted for 24%. None of the endoprostheses were implanted at MTCs.ConclusionThis audit revealed large numbers of cases of femoral metastases. Although the use of endoprostheses may be increasing in Trauma Units, intramedullary nailing still predominates. Future pathways may benefit from directing resources to allow greater arthroplasty.