军队临床药师带教师资培训教学模式和方法探讨

摘 要 目的： 探索军队临床药师带教师资培训的教学模式与方法。方法: 结合卫生部临床药师师资培训的方案及要求,探索具有军队特色的师资培训模式、方案,总结创新点及体会。结果:军队临床药师师资培训与地方有所不同,应突出军事化管理与全方位教学等特点,由总后卫生部负责统筹安排,多中心、多科室协作,临床药学中心具体实施,以提高临床药学技能为目的,以全新的PBL教学为模式,实施了全程军事化管理,制订适合于军队师资培养的带教方案与内容。结论: 9周的全面师资培训实践证明该教学模式行之有效,并取得了初步成效,获得了学员的一致好评,为今后的临床药师工作的发展打好基础,同时探讨临床药师培训的新思路、新方法。     

Profiling the Psychological Training and Support Needs of Oncology Staff,and Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Level 2 Psychological Support Training Program Workshop

The importance of training non-psychology healthcare professionals to offer psychological support to people with cancer is becoming increasingly recognized. This small-scale pilot project sought to identify the training and support needs of oncology staff and to evaluate the effectiveness of a Level 2 Psychological Support Training Program workshop. Semi-structured interviews with five members of multidisciplinary oncology staff identified that training needs were primarily around communication skills, recognizing and dealing with emotions, offering support and empathy, and self-care. Pre and post-training questionnaires developed with these themes in mind revealed that the Level 2 Training Program workshops run in this network of hospitals are effective in increasing participants’ levels of perceived knowledge and confidence across each of these domains. Recommendations are made for further enhancing this effectiveness.     

Zero tolerance: A policy in conflict with current opinion on aggression and violence management in health care

Aggression and violence are common in the emergency department setting. In recent years, there has been a greater recognition of this problem with State Governments in Australia responding with zero tolerance policies. This paper examines the current recommendations from nursing and medical literature with regard to the minimisation and management of aggression and violence in health care. A consistent theme throughout the literature is that early recognition and use of de-escalation strategies aimed at diffusing a volatile situation is the preferred approach. Use of restraint and a zero tolerance approach are last resort measures. It is important to have practical policies, protocols and procedures in place to manage aggression and violence in the emergency department. An emphasis on training and skill development, particularly communication and negotiation strategies, is imperative for all health care professionals.     

对儿童血液肿瘤科护理人员进行能力本位培训的效果评价

目的确定开展能力本位培训对儿童血液肿瘤科护理人员专科知识及技能的影响。方法选择2003年在上海儿童医学中心血液肿瘤科全体临床护理人员26名。根据美国St.Jude儿童研究医院的认证经验和相关文献设立儿童血液肿瘤科护理人员的专科能力本位培训内容与方法;每项项目是重复3次的滚动式标准培训,培训共持续8个月。根据培训内容设计知识试卷和操作评分标准;培训前用知识试卷进行前测,培训结束后用同一张试卷进行后测,比较前测和后测结果。同时培训后用操作评分标准测试操作技能。结果培训后临床护理人员的知识水平比以前有显著提高,P=0.000;培训后护理人员操作第1次合格率为96.2%。结论系统的标准临床专科能力本位培训能显著提高儿童血液肿瘤科护理人员的专科核心能力。     

Eighth grade students become proficient at CPR and use of an AED following a condensed training programme

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a new, 1-h, condensed training programme to teach continuous chest compression cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CCC-CPR) and automated external defibrillator (AED) skills to a cohort of eight grade public school students. METHODS: RESULTS: Thirty-three eligible subjects completed the programme; mean age 13.7 years; 48.5% female. Eight participants reported some prior training in CPR and AED use. Following initial training, 29/33 (87.8%) subjects demonstrated proficiency at CCC-CPR and AED application/operation in a mock adult cardiac arrest scenario. At four-weeks, 28/33 (84.8%) subjects demonstrated skill retention in similar scenario testing. Subjects also showed improvement in written knowledge regarding AED use as shown by scores on an AHA based written exam (60.9% versus 77.3%; p<0.001). CONCLUSION: With our focused, condensed training program, eighth grade public school students became proficient in CCC-CPR and AED use. This is the first study to document the ability of middle school students to learn and retain CCC-CPR and AED skills for adult sudden cardiac arrest victims with such a curriculum.     

Social cognition and interaction training for patients with stable schizophrenia in Chinese community settings

Accumulated evidence suggests that Social Cognition and Interaction Training (SCIT) is associated with improved performance in social cognition and social skills in patients diagnosed with psychotic disorders. The current study examined the clinical utility of SCIT in patients with schizophrenia in Chinese community settings. Adults with stable schizophrenia were recruited from local community health institutions, and were randomly assigned to SCIT group (n=22) or a waiting-list control group (n=17). The SCIT group received the SCIT intervention plus treatment-as-usual, whereas the waiting-list group received only treatment-as-usual during the period of the study. All patients were administered the Chinese versions of the Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP), Face Emotion Identification Task (FEIT), Eyes task, and Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ) at baseline of the SCIT treatment period and at follow-up, 6 months after completion of the 20-week treatment period. Patients in SCIT group showed a significant improvement in the domains of emotion perception, theory of mind, attributional style, and social functioning compared to those in waiting-list group. Findings indicate that SCIT is a feasible and promising method for improving social cognition and social functioning among Chinese outpatients with stable schizophrenia.     

Features of an Intensive Care based Medical Emergency Team nurse training program in a University Teaching Hospital

BackgroundMedical Emergency Teams (METs) involve specialist staff who respond to acutely deteriorating ward patients. There is little literature describing the scope of practice and training of MET responders.PurposeTo describe and discuss an education and training program for Intensive Care Unit (ICU) nurses who function in a high capability teaching hospital MET.FindingsThe program is overseen and coordinated by four senior nurses. Applicants require at least three years experience working as an ICU nurse in a level 3 tertiary ICU. Each program participant is allocated a mentor and must complete the program within six months. Induction involves attending lectures outlining expected roles, responsibilities and appropriate conduct during MET calls. A course handbook outlines a series of competencies including checking of the MET trolley, assisting endo-tracheal intubation, commencement of non-invasive ventilation and high flow oxygen. Each participant attends the first five MET calls under supervision. A series of case scenarios are discussed and reviewed and an oral examination on two such cases is undertaken prior to completion of the program. Throughout, candidates are trained in their expected roles and responsibilities during MET calls, follow-up of at-risk and deteriorating patients, emergency calls in the mental health precinct, and assisting with procedures outside of the ICU. Emphasis is placed on both technical and non-technical skills.ConclusionsWe have provided a framework for the development of a MET nurse training program. The applicability of this program to other settings and effects of this program on patient outcomes remain unknown.     

Future ophthalmology practice pattern: A survey of Saudi Board of Ophthalmology residents

Purpose

The main purpose of the study was to examine and identify factors that influence the future practice pattern of Saudi Board of Ophthalmology residents as well as their academic goals. This study also aimed to compare the plans and career goals of the current Saudi ophthalmology residents with a former cohort of Saudi ophthalmology residents.